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Kurdish Socialist Party
The Kurdistan Social Democratic Party (, abbreviated as KSDP) is a political party in Kurdistan Region. It was founded as Kurdistan Socialist Party - Iraq (, KSP-I). The first leader was Saleh Yousefi after 1981. 1979–1985, it was part of the short-lived alliance ''Kurdistan United Socialist Party'' (HSYK), which had included the ''Socialist Movement of Kurdistan'' as well as the two splinters of the ''South Kurdistan Movement'' and which birthed the Kurdistan Toilers' Party. The KSDP component in the alliance was split into two camps, the scientific socialist faction around Resul Mamend and the social democratic faction around Saleh Yousefi and Mahmoud Othman. Prior to the 1992 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election, it created an electoral alliance with the ''Kurdish Socialist Party'' (PASOK). In August, the ''Kurdistan Popular Democratic Party'' joined the alliance, and the three founded the ''Kurdistan Unity Party'' (KUP). A faction led by Resul Mamend refused to joi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammed Haji Mahmoud
Mohammed Haji Mahmoud () is an Iraqi Kurdish politician and leader of the Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party. He is widely known in Kurdistan as 'Kaka Hama' and gained a reputation for bravery fighting against Saddam Hussein's forces in the 1980s. More recently, he has led a Peshmerga force in the fight against the Islamic State. Mahmoud is politically aligned with Kurdistan Democratic Party leader Massoud Barzani. In 2014 his son Atta Haji Mahmoud was killed in the village of Tal Ward, south of Kirkuk in a battle with the militant group ISIS. Mahmoud stated in a talk at Cambridge University in 2016 that he hoped to see an independent Kurdistan "working closely" with a stabilised Iraqi state. Mahmoud has said that issues between the Iraqi Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish language ** Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) **Central Kurdish (Sorani) **Southern Kurdish ** Laki Kurdish *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdistan National Assembly
The Kurdistan Regional Parliament, also known as Kurdistan Parliament – Iraq (; ), or simply Perleman, is the parliament of the Kurdistan Region in Iraq. It is made up of representatives from the various parties, lists or slates that are elected every four years by the inhabitants of Kurdistan Region, which is currently governed by the Kurdistan Regional Government. In 2009 an amendment was applied to thKurdistan Election Law of the year 1992 changing the name of the body to Kurdish Parliament from its previous name: the Kurdish National Assembly. In February 2024, the Federal Supreme Court of Iraq invalidated several articles of the election law and simultaneously amended it, decreasing the number of seats in the parliament from 110 to 100, among other structural changes. The Parliament is a 100-member unicameral body in which 5 seats are reserved for non-Kurdish minority communities of the Kurdistan Region. The Parliament building is located in Erbil, the capital of the Kur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1976 Establishments In Iraq
Events January * January 2 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 18 – Full diplomatic relations are established between Bangladesh and Pakistan 5 years after the Bangladesh Liberation War. * January 27 ** The United States vetoes a United Nations resolution that calls for an independent Palestinian state. ** The First Battle of Amgala (1976), First Battle of Amgala breaks out between Morocco and Algeria in the Spanish Sahara. February * February 4 ** The 1976 Winter Olympics begin in Innsbruck, Austria. ** The 7.5 1976 Guatemala earthquake, Guatemala earthquake affects Guatemala and Honduras with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''), leaving 23,000 dead and 76,000 injured. * February 9 – The Australian Defence Force is formed by unification of the Australian Army, the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halabja
Halabja (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and the capital of Halabja Governorate, located about northeast of Baghdad and from the Iranian border. The city lies at the base of what is often referred to as the greater Hewraman region stretching across the Iran–Iraq border. Halabja is surrounded by Hawraman and Shnrwe range in the northeast, Balambo range in the south and Sirwan river in the west. The Kurds in the city of Halabja generally speak only the Sorani dialect of Kurdish, but some residents of the surrounding villages speak the Gorani dialect. History Early history The history of Halabja is believed to have started during the Akkadian Empire period (24th century BC). The ancient city-kingdom of Lullubi from that period is thought to be located in Halabja area. The excavations at nearby archaeological sites like Bakr Awa revealed a long history. The cemetery there includes the tombs of several historical figures, such as Ahmed Mukhtar Jaff, Tayar Bag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulaymaniyah
Sulaymaniyah or Slemani (; ), is a city in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and is the capital of the Sulaymaniyah Governorate. It is surrounded by the Azmar (Ezmer), Goizha (Goyje) and Qaiwan (Qeywan) Mountains in the northeast, Baranan Mountain in the south and the Tasluja Hills in the west. The city has a semi-arid climate with very hot dry summers and cold wet winters. The modern city of Slemani was founded in 1784 by the Ottoman-Kurdish prince Ibrahim Pasha Baban in Collaboration with Azim Beg and Haji Aziz Bey Aghal Dwanze Swarey Meriwane Jawamer Agha Rangena, who named it after his father Sulayman Pasha. Slemani was the capital of the historic Kurdish principality of Baban from 1784 to 1850. History The region of Slemani was known as '' Zamwa'' prior to the foundation of the modern city in 1784. The capital of the Kurdish Baban principality (1649–1850), before Slemani, was a territory named "Qelaçiwalan". At the time of the Babani's rule there were ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anfal Campaign
The Anfal campaign was a counterinsurgency operation which was carried out by Ba'athist Iraq from February to September 1988 during the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict at the end of the Iran–Iraq War. The campaign targeted rural Kurds because its purpose was to eliminate Kurdish rebel groups and Arabize strategic parts of the Kirkuk Governorate. The Ba'athist regime committed atrocities on the local Kurdish population, mostly civilians. Although primarily targeting Kurds, other non-Arabs also fell victim to the Anfal campaign. The Iraqi forces were led by Ali Hassan al-Majid, on the orders of President Saddam Hussein. The campaign's name was taken from the title of the eighth chapter of the Qur'an (''al-ʾanfāl''). In 1993, Human Rights Watch released a report on the Anfal campaign based on documents captured by Kurdish rebels during the 1991 uprisings in Iraq; HRW described it as a genocide and estimated between 50,000 and 100,000 deaths. This characterization of the Anfal cam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdistan Region Parliament
The Kurdistan Regional Parliament, also known as Kurdistan Parliament – Iraq (; ), or simply Perleman, is the parliament of the Kurdistan Region in Iraq. It is made up of representatives from the various parties, lists or slates that are elected every four years by the inhabitants of Kurdistan Region, which is currently governed by the Kurdistan Regional Government. In 2009 an amendment was applied to thKurdistan Election Law of the year 1992 changing the name of the body to Kurdish Parliament from its previous name: the Kurdish National Assembly. In February 2024, the Federal Supreme Court of Iraq invalidated several articles of the election law and simultaneously amended it, decreasing the number of seats in the parliament from 110 to 100, among other structural changes. The Parliament is a 100-member unicameral body in which 5 seats are reserved for non-Kurdish minority communities of the Kurdistan Region. The Parliament building is located in Erbil, the capital of the Kurd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudaw Media Network
Rudaw Media Network () is a media broadcaster in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The network is headquartered in Erbil, the capital of Iraq's Kurdistan Region. It delivers content in multiple languages, including English, Kurdish, Arabic, and Turkish. History Rudaw Media Network originated as a weekly print newspaper distributed in the Kurdistan Region and Europe, the network initially garnered international attention through its European edition, catering to the burgeoning diaspora communities of that era. In a noteworthy commitment to environmental sustainability, Rudaw transitioned from print to a fully digital format, discontinuing its newspaper publication. The network's diverse portfolio includes a weekly newspaper in the Sorani dialect, boasting a circulation of 3,000, a Kurmanji version circulated in Europe, a comprehensive website available in Kurdish, English, Arabic, and Turkish, and a satellite TV station. Rudaw Media Network is funded and supported by Rudaw Company, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mosul Offensive (2016)
Battle of Mosul may refer to: * Battle of Mosul (1107), a battle in which Kilij Arslan I of the Rum Seljuks conquered Mosul * Siege of Mosul (1743), an offensive in which the Persians besieged the Ottomans * Battle of Mosul (1745), a battle between Persian and Ottoman forces, following the 1743 Siege of Mosul * , A series of small battles between Russians and Turks ended mostly indecisively * Battle of Mosul (2004), a battle fought during the Iraq War * Battle of Mosul (2008), part of the 2008 Nineveh campaign of the Iraq War * Fall of Mosul, a battle in June 2014 during which ISIL seized control of the city * Mosul offensive (2015), an offensive to retake the northern outskirts of the city from ISIL in 2015 * Battle of Mosul (2016–17) Battle of Mosul may refer to: * Battle of Mosul (1107), a battle in which Kilij Arslan I of the Rum Seljuks conquered Mosul * Siege of Mosul (1743), an offensive in which the Persians besieged the Ottomans * Battle of Mosul (1745), a battle between ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kirkuk
Kirkuk (; ; ; ) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of the Kirkuk Governorate. The city is home to a diverse population of Kurds, Iraqi Turkmen, Iraqi Turkmens and Arabs. Kirkuk sits on the ruins of the original Kirkuk Citadel which sits near the Khasa River. It is described by the Kurdish leader and former President of Iraq, Iraqi president Jalal Talabani as “the Jerusalem of Kurdistan”, while it is seen by the Turkmen activist Fatih Salah as the cultural and historical capital of Iraqi Turkmens. The Federal government of Iraq, government of Iraq states that Kirkuk represents a small version of Iraq due to its diverse population, and that the city is a model for coexistence in the country. Etymology The ancient name of Kirkuk was the Hurrians, Hurrian ''Arrapha'' During the Parthian Empire, Parthian era, a ''Korkura/Corcura'' () is mentioned by Ptolemy, which is believed to refer either to Kirkuk or to the site of Baba Gurgur from the city. Since the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic State Of Iraq And The Levant
The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadist organization and unrecognized quasi-state. IS occupied significant territory in Iraq and Syria in 2013, but lost most of it in 2019. In 2014, the group proclaimed itself to be a worldwide caliphate, and claimed religious, political, and military authority over all Muslims worldwide, a claim not accepted by the vast majority of Muslims. It is designated as a terrorist organisation by the United Nations and many countries around the world, including Muslim countries. By the end of 2015, its self-declared caliphate ruled an area with a population of about 12 million, where they enforced their extremist interpretation of Islamic law, managed an annual budget exceeding billion, and commanded more than 30,000 fighters. After a grinding conflict with American, Iraqi, and Kurdish forces, IS lost co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)
Iraqi civil war may refer to: * Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003), wars and rebellions by Iraqi Kurds against the government ** First Iraqi–Kurdish War (1961–70) ** Second Iraqi–Kurdish War (1974–75) * 1991 Iraqi uprisings, rebellions in Iraq during a ceasefire in the Gulf War * Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–97), a conflict between rival Kurdish factions in Iraqi Kurdistan * Iraqi conflict (2003–present). See also: **Iraq War (2003–11), a war that began with the U.S. invasion of Iraq ***Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011) *** Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011) *** Iraqi civil war (2006–2008), a civil war between Sunni and Shia militias including the Iraqi government and Al-Qaeda in Iraq (now known as ISIL) **** Islamic Army–Al-Qaeda conflict ** Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013), an escalation of insurgent and sectarian violence after the U.S. withdrew ** War in Iraq (2013–2017), a war between ISIL and the Iraqi government and allies ** 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
