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Kremvax
Kremvax was originally a fictitious Usenet site at the Moscow Kremlin, Kremlin, named like the then large number of Usenet VAXen with names of the form ''foo''vax. Kremvax was announced on April 1, 1984, in a posting ostensibly originated there by Soviet Union, Soviet leader Konstantin Chernenko. The posting was actually forged by Piet Beertema of Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, CWI (in Amsterdam) as an April Fool's Day, April Fool's prank—"because the notion that Usenet might ever penetrate the Iron Curtain seemed so totally absurd at the time". Other fictitious sites mentioned in the hoax were moskvax and kgbvax. The actual origin of the email was mcvax, one of the first European sites on the internet. Six years later, Usenet was joined by DEMOS (ISP), demos.su, the first genuine site based in Moscow. Some readers needed convincing that the postings from it were not just another prank. Vadim Antonov, the senior programmer at Demos and the major poster from there until mid-199 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piet Beertema
Piet Beertema (born 22 October 1943 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch List of Internet pioneers, Internet pioneer. On November 17, 1988, at 2:28 PM, he linked the Netherlands as one of the first two countries (shortly after France's French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation, INRIA) to NSFNET, a precursor to the Internet. Beertema was then working as an administrator at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in Amsterdam. His first job was in 1965 at the Royal Netherlands Aerospace Centre, Dutch National Aerospace Laboratory, where he first came into contact with a computer (an Elliott 803-B). In 1966 he joined the SMC (Stichting Mathematisch Centrum), now called the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, where he worked until his retirement. On April 1, 1984, Beertema created and posted to the Kremvax Usenet site posing as Konstantin Chernenko. Beertema's message greeted fellow users of Usenet on behalf of the Soviet Union and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DEMOS (ISP)
DEMOS (Demos) was the first internet service provider in the USSR. History DEMOS was established in 1989 in Moscow as a programmers' cooperative, which included employees of the Kurchatov Institute. For the first few months, the cooperative was called "Interface"; then it was renamed in honor of the DEMOS operating system. In 1990, DEMOS, in cooperation with the scientific network Relkom, registered a top-level domain A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domain name, domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet after the root domain. The top-level domain names are installed in the DNS root zone, root zone of the nam ... . This domain become the starting point for development of the Russian segment of the Internet - RUnet.Grekov, Alexander"The ISP Scene in Russia". ''Netnod'', 24 September 2010. See also * Kremvax References External links Site of DEMOS (in Russian)Relcom history (in Russian) History of the Internet Int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RELCOM
RELCOM or Relcom (), an acronym for "RELiable COMmunications" is a computer network in Russia. Network It was launched in the Soviet Union on August 1, 1990 in the Kurchatov Institute in collaboration with DEMOS co-operative (although the engineering team at DEMOS at the time consisted mostly of Kurchatov Institute employees, some key members ( Mikhail Davidov, Vadim Antonov, Dmitry Volodin) in the RELCOM team were never employed by Kurchatov Institute). It became one of the first Russian computer networks (and the first commercial internet service provider in the USSR) and its development led to the emergence of the Runet. Initially it was purely e-mail network based on the UUCP protocol. During the Soviet coup attempt of 1991 the Relcom network was used to spread news about the event worldwide while the coup perpetrators were trying to suppress mass media activity through the KGB. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austria
Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city and state. Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country occupies an area of and has Austrians, a population of around 9 million. The area of today's Austria has been inhabited since at least the Paleolithic, Paleolithic period. Around 400 BC, it was inhabited by the Celts and then annexed by the Roman Empire, Romans in the late 1st century BC. Christianization in the region began in the 4th and 5th centuries, during the late Western Roman Empire, Roman period, followed by the arrival of numerous Germanic tribes during the Migration Period. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science And Technology In Russia
Science and technology in Russia have developed rapidly since the Age of Enlightenment, when Peter the Great founded the Russian Academy of Sciences and Saint Petersburg State University and polymath Mikhail Lomonosov founded the Moscow State University, establishing a strong native tradition in learning and innovation. In the 19th and 20th centuries, Russia produced many notable List of Russian scientists, scientists, making important contributions in physics, astronomy, mathematics, computer sciences, computing, chemistry, biology, geology and geography. Russian inventors and engineers excelled in such areas as electrical engineering, shipbuilding, aerospace, weaponry, communications, Information technology, IT, nuclear technology and space technology. The crisis of the 1990s led to the drastic reduction of state support for science and technology, leading many Russian scientists and university graduates to move to Western Europe or the United States. In the 2000s, on the wave o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 1984 In Europe
April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. Its length is 30 days. April is commonly associated with the season of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where it is the seasonal equivalent to October in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa. History The Romans gave this month the Latin name ''Aprilis''"April" in ''Chambers's Encyclopædia''. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 1, p. 497. but the derivation of this name is uncertain. The traditional etymology is from the verb ''aperire'', "to open", in allusion to its being the season when trees and flowers begin to "open", which is supported by comparison with the modern Greek use of άνοιξη (''ánixi'') (opening) for spring. Since some of the Roman months were named in honor of divinities, and as April was sacred to the goddess Venus, her Veneralia being held on the first day, it has been suggested that Aprilis was originally her month ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1984 In Moscow
Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). * January 9 – Van Halen releases their sixth studio album ''1984 (Van Halen album), 1984'' (''MCMLXXXIV''), which debuts at number 2 on the Billboard 200 albums chart, and will go to sell over 10 million copies in the United States. * January 10 ** The United States and the Vatican City, Vatican (Holy See) restore full diplomatic relations. ** The Victoria, Seychelles, Victoria Agreement is signed, institutionalising the Indian Ocean Commission. *January 24 – Steve Jobs launches the Macintosh 128K, Macintosh personal computer in the United States. *January 27 – American singer Michael Jackson's hair caught on fire during the making of the Pepsi commercial. February * February 3 ** John Buster and the research ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internet Exchange Point
Internet exchange points (IXes or IXPs) are common grounds of Internet Protocol, IP networking, allowing participant Internet service provider, Internet service providers (ISPs) to exchange data destined for their respective networks. IXPs are generally located at places with preexisting connections to multiple distinct networks, ''i.e.'', Datacenter, datacenters, and operate physical infrastructure (Ethernet switch, switches) to connect their participants. Organizationally, most IXPs are each independent not-for-profit associations of their constituent participating networks (that is, the set of ISPs that participate in that IXP). The primary alternative to IXPs is private peering, where ISPs and large customers directly connect their networks. IXPs reduce the portion of an ISP's traffic that must be delivered via their upstream (networking), upstream Internet transit, transit providers, thereby reducing the average per-bit delivery cost of their service. Furthermore, the in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow Internet Exchange
MSK-IX (Moscow Internet eXchange) is an Internet eXchange Point (IXP) with headquarters in Moscow, Russia. With over 549 connected networks and 7,7 Tbps of peak traffic (February 2025), MSK-IX is one of the world's largest IXPs. According to the Internet Exchange Report by Hurricane Electric Internet Services, MSK-IX is the largest IXP in Russia and 17th largest in the world by the numbers of members. MSK-IX operates Internet eXchanges (IXes) in 9 cities: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Rostov-on-Don, Stavropol, Samara, Kazan, Ekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Vladivostok and maintains an access PoP in Riga (Latvia). MSK-IX operates a distributed DNS platform, which provides authoritative name servers for the country-code top-level domains ( ccTLDs) .RU and .РФ for Russia. Also it operates alternative DNS root servers of Russian National Domain Name System for Roskomnadzor due to ( Sovereign Internet Law). History MSK-IX was founded in 1995 pursuant to the treaty signed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Root DNS Servers
A root name server is a name server for the root zone of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet. It directly answers requests for records in the root zone and answers other requests by returning a list of the authoritative name servers for the appropriate top-level domain (TLD). The root name servers are a critical part of the Internet infrastructure because they are the first step in resolving human-readable host names into IP addresses that are used in communication between Internet hosts. A combination of limits in the DNS and certain protocols, namely the practical size of unfragmented User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packets, resulted in a decision to limit the number of root servers to thirteen server addresses. The use of anycast addressing permits the actual number of root server instances to be much larger, and is 1,733 . Root domain The DNS is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any resource participating in the Internet. The top of that hierarch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
