Kostenets–Dolna Banya Valley
Kostenets–Dolna Banya Valley () is situated in western Bulgaria. It is named after the towns of Kostenets and Dolna Banya. The valley has a length of 18 km and a width of up to 5 km. The altitude is 520–680 m. Geography The valley is enclosed between Bulgaria's highest mountain range Rila to the south and Sredna Gora mountain range, bound its ridges Shumnatitsa to the west, Septemvriyski to the north–northeast and Vetren to the east. To the north the Septemvriyski ridge separates it from the Ihtiman Valley. It is connected to the Samokov Valley via the Borovets saddle to the west. To the east the Momina Klisura Gorge of the river Maritsa leads to the westernmost reaches of the Upper Thracian Plain. The surface of the Kostenets–Dolna Banya Valley is uneven, at the foothills of Rila it becomes hilly; in its center are the low terraces of the Maritsa and its tributaries. It southern reaches facing Rila are filled with alluvial fans. The valley was formed dur ...
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Valley
A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains and typically containing a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by erosion of the land surface by rivers or streams over a very long period. Some valleys are formed through erosion by glacial ice. These glaciers may remain present in valleys in high mountains or polar areas. At lower latitudes and altitudes, these glacially formed valleys may have been created or enlarged during ice ages but now are ice-free and occupied by streams or rivers. In desert areas, valleys may be entirely dry or carry a watercourse only rarely. In areas of limestone bedrock, dry valleys may also result from drainage now taking place underground rather than at the surface. Rift valleys arise principally from earth movements, rather than erosion. Many different types of valleys are described by geographers, using terms that may be global in use or else applied only locally ...
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