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Kitāb Al-Diryāq
''Kitāb al-Diryāq'' (, "The Book of Theriac"), also ''Book of Anditodes of Pseudo-Galen'' or in French ''Traité de la thériaque'', is a medieval Arabic book supposedly based on the writings of Galen ("pseudo-Galen"). The work describes the use of Theriac, an ancient medicinal compound initially used as a cure for the bites of poisonous snakes. Two illustrated manuscript copies are extant, adorned with beautiful Miniature (illuminated manuscript), miniatures revealing of the social context at the time of their publication. The books describe various physicians of Antiquity, including Greek ones such as Andromachus the Elder, and their medical techniques. These manuscripts are generally attributed to the Upper Mesopotamia, Jazira region of Syria and northern Iraq. Manuscripts Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, MS. Arabe 2964 (1198–1199) Copied in 1198–1199, this book with miniatures (:Commons:Kitâb al-Diryâq - BNF Arabe2964, BNF Arabe 2964) is generally attri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andromachus The Elder
Andromachus (; 1st century) was the name of two Ancient Greek medicine, Greek physicians, father and son, who lived in the time of Nero. *Andromachus the Elder, was born in Crete, and was physician to Nero, 54–68 AD. He is principally celebrated for having been the first person on whom the title of "Archiater" is known to have been conferred, After realizing the anti-toxic effects of snake meat, Andromachus made Faroug antidote with changes in the previous formulas (Mithridate).Theriac: medicine and antidote . which was a famous compound medicine and antidote, named after him, and long enjoyed a great reputation. Andromachus wrote directions for making this mixture in a Ancient Greek, Greek elegiac poem, consisting of 174 lines, and dedicated to Nero. Galen inserted it in two of his works, and says ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qaba
A ''qaba'' (, from Middle Persian ''kabāh'') is a long coat with sleeves and buttons, similar to a cassock, open at the front. The Mughal emperors wore ankle-length garments. The outfits during the reign of Babur and Humayun are more or less the same, i.e. qaba, jama, pirahan, jilucha, jiba and kasaba. Unlike the jama, which was a four-pointed long-coat the Qaba and takauchia were of a broad girth at the bottom. There are mentions of the qaba in the ''Baburnama''. At present, qaba is one of the essential parts of the dress of the clerics or mosque leaders. It was worn in Egypt, Turkey, the Levant, and Persia, among other places. When Henry II, Count of Champagne, king of Jerusalem, tried to build a friendly relationship with Saladin, he requested the gift of a qabā and a sharbūsh', which he wore in Acre. In Arab contexts, two main variations were noted; the Turkish style (''al-aqbiya al-turkiyya''), and the Tatar (or Mongolian) style (''al-aqbiya al-tatariyya'' or ''q ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encyclopedias In Arabic
An encyclopedia is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge, either general or special, in a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries that are arranged alphabetically by article name or by thematic categories, or else are hyperlinked and searchable. Encyclopedia entries are longer and more detailed than those in most dictionaries. Generally speaking, encyclopedia articles focus on ''factual information'' concerning the subject named in the article's title; this is unlike dictionary entries, which focus on linguistic information about words, such as their etymology, meaning, pronunciation, use, and grammatical forms.Béjoint, Henri (2000)''Modern Lexicography'', pp. 30–31. Oxford University Press. Encyclopedias have existed for around 2,000 years and have evolved considerably during that time as regards language (written in a major international or a vernacular language), size (few or many volumes), intent (pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Non-fiction Books
Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as ( "the eloquent Arabic") or simply ' (). Arabic is the third most widespread official language after English and French, one of six official languages of the United Nations, and the liturgical language of Islam. Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities around the world and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, governments and the media. During the Middle Ages, Arabic was a major vehicle of culture and learning, especially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12th-century Arabic-language Books
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural number, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarāqūj
The ''sarāqūj'' was a type of conical hat with a brimmed base, worn by Central Asian men during the time of Turkic rule in the Middle-East and Central Asia in the 12th-14th centuries CE. It was usually white or cream-colored. It could be decorated with crisscrossed colored ''takhfīfa'', set in place with a brooch or plaquette. See also * Sharbush * List of hat styles Hats have been common throughout the history of humanity, present on some of the very earliest preserved human bodies and art. Below is a list of various kinds of contemporary or traditional hat. List See also *List of headgear References ... References {{reflist Middle Eastern clothing History of Asian clothing Turkish clothing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qaba
A ''qaba'' (, from Middle Persian ''kabāh'') is a long coat with sleeves and buttons, similar to a cassock, open at the front. The Mughal emperors wore ankle-length garments. The outfits during the reign of Babur and Humayun are more or less the same, i.e. qaba, jama, pirahan, jilucha, jiba and kasaba. Unlike the jama, which was a four-pointed long-coat the Qaba and takauchia were of a broad girth at the bottom. There are mentions of the qaba in the ''Baburnama''. At present, qaba is one of the essential parts of the dress of the clerics or mosque leaders. It was worn in Egypt, Turkey, the Levant, and Persia, among other places. When Henry II, Count of Champagne, king of Jerusalem, tried to build a friendly relationship with Saladin, he requested the gift of a qabā and a sharbūsh', which he wore in Acre. In Arab contexts, two main variations were noted; the Turkish style (''al-aqbiya al-turkiyya''), and the Tatar (or Mongolian) style (''al-aqbiya al-tatariyya'' or ''q ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirāz
''Tiraz'' (; or ) The Persian language, Persian word for a type of embroidery and Textile, clothing textiles, are medieval Islamic embroideries, usually in the form of armbands sewn onto robes of honour (khilat). They were bestowed upon high-ranking officials who showed loyalty to the Caliphate, and given as gifts to distinguished individuals. They were usually inscribed with the ruler's names, and were embroidered with threads of precious metal and decorated with complex patterns. Tiraz were a symbol of power; their production and export were strictly regulated, and were overseen by a government-appointed official. They were likely influenced by the ''tablion'', a decorated patch added to the body of the mantle as a badge of rank or position in late Roman and Byzantine dress. Etymology The ultimate origin of this word is Persian language, Persian (), which means "embroidery". The word ''tiraz'' can be used to refer to the textiles themselves, but is mostly used as a term fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qabā'
A ''qaba'' (, from Middle Persian ''kabāh'') is a long coat with sleeves and buttons, similar to a cassock, open at the front. The Mughal emperors wore ankle-length garments. The outfits during the reign of Babur and Humayun are more or less the same, i.e. qaba, jama, pirahan, jilucha, jiba and kasaba. Unlike the jama, which was a four-pointed long-coat the Qaba and takauchia were of a broad girth at the bottom. There are mentions of the qaba in the ''Baburnama''. At present, qaba is one of the essential parts of the dress of the clerics or mosque leaders. It was worn in Egypt, Turkey, the Levant, and Persia, among other places. When Henry II, Count of Champagne, king of Jerusalem, tried to build a friendly relationship with Saladin, he requested the gift of a qabā and a sharbūsh', which he wore in Acre. In Arab contexts, two main variations were noted; the Turkish style (''al-aqbiya al-turkiyya''), and the Tatar (or Mongolian) style (''al-aqbiya al-tatariyya'' or ''qa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kitab Al-Aghani
''Kitāb al-Aghānī'' (), is an encyclopedic collection of poems and songs that runs to over 20 volumes in modern editions, attributed to the 10th-century Arabic writer Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, Abū al-Farāj al-Isfahānī (also known as al-Isbahānī). Content Abū al-Farāj claimed to have taken 50 years in writing the work, which ran to over 10,000 pages and contains more than 16,000 verses of Arabic poetry. It can be seen as having three distinct sections: the first deals with the '100 Best Songs' chosen for the caliph Harun al-Rashid, Harūn al-Rashīd, the second with royal composers, and the third with songs chosen by the author himself. It spans the period from Pre-Islamic Arabia, pre-Islamic times to the end of the 9th century CE. Abu al-Faraj importantly included performance directions for many of the songs included in Kitāb al-Aghānī. Due to the accompanying biographical annotations on the personages, the work is an important historical and historiographical sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Badr Al-Din Lu'lu'
Badr al-Din Lu'lu' () (-1259) (the name Lu'Lu' means 'The Pearl', indicative of his servile origins) was successor to the Zengid emirs of Mosul, where he governed in variety of capacities from 1234 to 1259 following the death of Nasir ad-Din Mahmud. He was the founder of the short-lived Luluid dynasty. Originally a slave of the Zengid ruler Nur al-Din Arslan Shah I, he was the first Middle-Eastern mamluk to transcend servitude and become an emir in his own right, founding the dynasty of the Lu'lu'id emirs (1234-1262), and anticipating the rise of the Bahri Mamluks of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt by twenty years (but postdating the rise of the Mamluk dynasty in India). He preserved control of al-Jazira through a series of tactical submissions to larger neighboring powers, at various times recognizing Ayyubid, Rûmi Seljuq, and Mongol overlords. His surrender to the Mongols after 1243 temporarily spared Mosul the destruction experienced by other settlements in Mesopotamia. Ris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
