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Khomeini
Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini (17 May 1900 or 24 September 19023 June 1989) was an Iranian revolutionary, politician, political theorist, and religious leader. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the main leader of the Iranian Revolution, which overthrew Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and served as the first supreme leader of Iran, the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the Islamic Republic until his death in 1989. Born in Khomeyn, in what is now Iran's Markazi province, his father was murdered when Khomeini was two years old. He began studying the Quran and Arabic from a young age assisted by his relatives. Khomeini became a high ranking cleric in Twelver Shi'ism, an ''ayatollah'', a ''marja''' ("source of emulation"), a ''mujtahid'' or ''faqīh'' (an expert in ''fiqh''), and author of more than 40 books. His opposition to the White Revolution resulted in his state-sponsored expulsion to Bursa in 1964. Nearly a year later, he moved to Najaf, where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khomeinism
Khomeinism, also transliterated Khumaynism, refers to the religious and political ideas and practices connected with the leader of the 1979 Iranian Islamic RevolutionRuhollah Khomeini. While primarily referring to the ideas and practices of Khomeini himself, Khomeinism may also refer to the ideology of the clerical class which has ruled the Islamic Republic of Iran founded by Khomeini, following his death, and to the "radicalization" of segments of the Twelver Shia populations of Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon, and to the Iranian government's "recruitment" of Shia minorities in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Africa. The words Khomeinist and Khomeinists, derived from Khomeinism, can also be used to describe members of Iran's clerical rulers as opposed to "regular" (non- Wilayat ul-Faqih supporting) Shia Muslim clerics. Under Khomeini's leadership, Iran replaced its millennia-old monarchy with a theocratic republic. Khomeini brought about a major paradigm shift in Shia Islam. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Khomeini
Sayyid Ahmad Khomeini (; 14 March 1946 – 17 March 1995) was the younger son of Ruhollah Khomeini and father of Hassan Khomeini. He was the "right-hand" of his father before, during and after the Iranian Revolution. He was a link between Ruhollah Khomeini and officials and people. He had several decision-making positions. He died of heart disease and was buried next to his father. Early life and education Ahmad Khomeini was born in Qom on 15 March 1946 (although several sources have given his birth year as 1945), where he did his primary and secondary education in ''Owhadi'' and ''Hakin Nezami'' school, respectively and then started seminary studies and accomplished primary and secondary ''hawza'' courses. He secretly joined his father, Ruhollah Khomeini, after his father was exiled to Najaf. Career and activities Ahmad was regarded as Khomeini's "right-hand man", the "torch-bearer for his father's anti-Western radicalism" and was close to his father, the leader of the I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hussein-Ali Montazeri
Grand Ayatollah Hussein-Ali Montazeri ( ; 24 September 1922 – 19 December 2009) was an Iranian Shia Islamic theologian, Islamic democracy advocate, writer, and human rights activist. He was one of the leaders of the Iranian Revolution and one of the highest-ranking authorities in Shīʿite Islam. He was once the designated successor to the revolution's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khomeini; they had a falling-out in 1989 over government policies that Montazeri claimed infringed on people's freedom and denied them their rights, especially after the 1988 mass execution of political prisoners. Montazeri spent his later years in Qom and remained politically influential in Iran but was placed in house arrest in 1997 for questioning "the unaccountable rule exercised by the supreme leader", Ali Khamenei, who succeeded Ruhollah Khomeini. He was known as the most knowledgeable senior Islamic scholar in Iran, a ''grand marja'' (religious authority) of Shia Islam, and was said to be one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khomeini Family
The Khomeini family (, ), also transliterated as Khomeyni, is an Iranian religious Shia family that migrated from Nishapur, to Awadh in the 18th-century, and then finally settling in Khomeyn in the early 19th-century.From Khomein, ''A biography of the Ayatollah'' 14 June 1999, The Iranian They claim descent from the seventh Shiite Imam, Musa al-Kadhim, and hence are a Musawi family. History and lineage The family did not hold a specific surname before 1921, they would normally go by '' |
Ali Khamenei
Ali Hosseini Khamenei (; born 19 April 1939) is an Iranian cleric and politician who has served as the second supreme leader of Iran since 1989. He previously served as the third President of Iran, president from 1981 to 1989. Khamenei's tenure as Supreme Leader, spanning over years, makes him the longest-serving head of state in the Middle East and the second-longest-serving Iranian leader of the 20th and 21st centuries, after Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. A Grand Ayatollah and , he is often associated with leading the Axis of Resistance, a term used to describe a coalition of Iran-aligned groups in the Middle East. According to his official website, Khamenei was arrested six times before being exiled for three years during the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. In June 1981, after the Iranian revolution and the overthrow of the shah, he was the target of an Attempted assassination of Ali Khamenei, attempted assassination that paralysed his right arm. Khamenei was one of Iran's lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mausoleum Of Ruhollah Khomeini
The Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini (; ), also known as the Holy Shrine, or the ''Haram Motahhar'', is a Shi'ite Islamic mausoleum that houses the tombs of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, his wife Khadijeh Saqafi, and his second son Ahmad Khomeini; and some political figures, such as former President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former Vice President Hassan Habibi, Lieutenant General Ali Sayad Shirazi, Iranian Revolution figure Sadeq Tabatabaei, and MP Marzieh Hadidchi. The mausoleum is located to the south of Tehran in the Behesht-e Zahra (Paradise of Zahra) cemetery. The mausoleum is the centerpiece in a funerary complex spread over , that houses the tombs, a cultural and tourist center, a university for Islamic studies, a seminary, a shopping mall, a 20,000-car park, and a branch of the National Museum of Iran. Construction commenced in 1989 following Khomeini's death on 3 June of that year, took over 35 years to complete, and the Iranian government reportedly devoted 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980) was the last List of monarchs of Iran, Shah of Iran, ruling from 1941 to 1979. He succeeded his father Reza Shah and ruled the Imperial State of Iran until he was overthrown by the Iranian Revolution, which abolished the Iranian monarchy to establish the present-day Islamic Republic of Iran. In 1967, he took the title (), and also held several others, including () and (). He was the second and last ruling monarch of the Pahlavi dynasty. His vision of the "Great Civilization" () led to his leadership over rapid industrial and military modernization, as well as economic and social reforms in Iran. During World War II, the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran forced the abdication of Reza Shah and succession of Mohammad Reza Shah. During his reign, the Anglo-Iranian Oil, British-owned oil industry was nationalized by the prime minister Mohammad Mosaddegh, who had support from Iran's national parliament to do so; however, Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mostafa Khomeini
Sayyid Mostafa Khomeini (; 12 December 1930 – 23 October 1977) was an Iranian cleric and the eldest son of Ruhollah Khomeini. He died before the Iranian Revolution. Early life and education Khomeini was born in Qom on 12 December 1930. He was the eldest son of Ayatollah Khomeini and Khadijeh Saqafi, daughter of a respected cleric, Hajj Mirza Tehrani. He graduated from the Qom Theological Center. Activities Mostafa Khomeini participated in his father's movement. He was arrested and imprisoned after the 1963 events and also, after his father's exile. On 3 January 1965, he joined his father in Bursa, Turkey, where he was in exile. Then he lived with his family in Najaf Najaf is the capital city of the Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 is about 1.41 million people. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam an ..., Iraq, from October 1965. There he had contacts with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khadijeh Saqafi
Khadijeh Saqafi (; 21 March 2009) was an Iranian revolutionary and the wife of Ruhollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran and figurehead of the Iranian Revolution. Early life Saqafi was born in in Tehran, the daughter of Hajj Mirza Mohammad Thaqafi-e Tehrani, a respected cleric and merchant. Marriage and later years Saqafi became the child bride of 29-year-old Ruhollah Khomeini in 1929 or 1931. They had seven children together, although only five survived childhood. The family resided in Qom until Khomeini's exile in 1964. Their son Mostafa died in Iraq in 1977 while in exile, while their second son Ahmad died of cardiac arrest in 1995. Throughout their marriage, Saqafi largely stayed out of the public eye, although she was described as being a strong supporter of her husband's opposition to Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former President of Iran, referred to Saqafi as the "closest and most patient" supporter of her husband. Death Saqafi died i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abolhassan Banisadr
Abolhassan Banisadr (; 22 March 1933 – 9 October 2021) was an Iranian politician, writer, and political dissident. He was the first president of Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution abolished the monarchy, serving from February 1980 until his impeachment by parliament in June 1981. Prior to his presidency, he was the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Interim Government. Following his impeachment, Banisadr fled Iran and found political asylum in France, where he co-founded the National Council of Resistance of Iran. Banisadr later focused on political writings about his revolutionary activities and his critiques of the Iranian government. He became a critic of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and the country's handling of its 2009 elections. Early life and education Banisadr was born on 22 March 1933 in Baghcheh, a small village north of Hamedan. His father, Nasrollah, was a Shia cleric who had originally migrated to the area from Bijar, Kurdistan. As a student, Banisadr stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zahra Mostafavi Khomeini
Sayyida Zahra Mostafavi Khomeini (; born 13 November 1940) is an Iranian politician and educator. The daughter of Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the Iranian Revolution and subsequent Supreme Leader of Iran, Mostafavi was awarded a PhD in philosophy from the University of Tehran, where she subsequently taught.Mankind’s Need for Religion and Spirituality, Zahra Mostafavi Retrieved 23 August 2009 Mostafavi has been called the "most prominent" of Khomeini's three daughters, and has become a prominent supporter of women's rights in Iran in addition to Palestinian causes. , 20 August 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2009 Polit ...
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Khomeyn
Khomeyn () is a city in the Central District of Khomeyn County, Markazi province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. History The name of Khomein was first mentioned in a book named '' The History of Prophets and Kings''. Subterranean canals (qanats), sewers and its famous fire-temple can be named as some pre-Islamic relics. This town was called the center of Kamareh 200 years ago. Khomeini house A family house in Khomeyn was the birthplace of former supreme leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The house became a historical monument and museum. The house was set on fire on 17 November 2022 during the Mahsa Amini protests; and days after the death of Kian Pirfalak, an Iranian child killed during the Izeh Bazaar Massacre. Online social media showed a crowd cheering as flames were seen emerging from the house. ''Tasnim News Agency'' denied that a fire had occurred and stated that the house was "open to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
