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Kempsey, New South Wales
Kempsey is a town in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia and is the council seat for Kempsey Shire. It is located roughly 16.5 kilometres inland from the coast of the Pacific Ocean, on the Macleay Valley Way near where the Pacific Highway (Australia), Pacific Highway and the North Coast railway line, New South Wales, North Coast railway line cross the Macleay River. It is roughly 430 kilometres north of Sydney. As of June 2018 Kempsey had a population of 15,309. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018. History At the start of the British arrival the town lay within the area of the Djangadi people's lands. An Aboriginal presence has been attested archaeologically to go back at least 4,000 years, according to the analysis of the materials excavated at the Clybucca midden, a site which the modern-day descendants of the Djangadi and Gumbaynggirr claim Native title in Australia, native title rights. In the Clybucca area are ancient camp sites with shell beds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Eastern Standard Time
Australia uses three main time zones: Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST; UTC+10:00), Australian Central Standard Time (ACST; UTC+09:30) and Australian Western Standard Time (AWST; UTC+08:00). Time is regulated by the individual states and territories of Australia, state governments, some of which observe daylight saving time (DST). Daylight saving time (+1 hour) is used between the first Sunday in October and the first Sunday in April in jurisdictions in the south and south-east: * New South Wales, Victoria, Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, Jervis Bay Territory and the Australian Capital Territory switches to the Australian Eastern Daylight Saving Time (AEDT; UTC+11:00), and * South Australia switches to the Australian Central Daylight Saving Time (ACDT; UTC+10:30). Standard time was introduced in the 1890s when all of the Australian colonies adopted it. Before the switch to standard time zones, each local city or town was free to determine its local time, called local mea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Coast Railway Line, New South Wales
The North Coast railway line is the primary rail route in the Mid North Coast and Northern Rivers regions of New South Wales, Australia, and forms a major part of the Sydney–Brisbane rail corridor. The line begins at Maitland, New South Wales, Maitland and ends at Roma Street railway station in Brisbane, although freight services terminate at the yard at Acacia Ridge, Queensland, Acacia Ridge on the outskirts of Brisbane. Along the way, the railway passes through the towns of Dungog railway station, Dungog, Gloucester railway station, New South Wales, Gloucester, Wingham railway station, New South Wales, Wingham, Taree railway station, Taree, Kendall railway station, Kendall, Wauchope railway station, Wauchope, Kempsey railway station, Kempsey, Macksville railway station, Macksville, Nambucca Heads railway station, Nambucca Heads, Urunga railway station, Urunga, Sawtell railway station, Sawtell, Coffs Harbour railway station, Coffs Harbour, Grafton railway station, New South W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squatting (Australian History)
In the history of Australia, squatting was the act of occupying tracts of Crown land, typically to graze livestock. Though most squatters initially held no legal rights to the land they occupied, the majority were gradually recognised by successive colonial authorities as the legitimate owners of the land due to being among the first (and often only) white settlers in their area. The term ''squattocracy'', a play on aristocracy, was coined to refer to squatters as a social class and the immense sociopolitical power they possessed. Evolution of meaning The term ''squatter'' derives from its English usage as a term of contempt for a person who had taken up residence at a place without having legal claim. The use of ''squatter'' in the early years of British settlement of Australia had a similar connotation, referring primarily to a person who had occupied pastoral land not granted to them by the colonial authorities. From the mid-1820s, however, the occupation of legally unoccu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pasture
Pasture (from the Latin ''pastus'', past participle of ''pascere'', "to feed") is land used for grazing. Types of pasture Pasture lands in the narrow sense are enclosed tracts of farmland, grazed by domesticated livestock, such as horses, cattle, sheep, or swine. The vegetation of tended pasture, forage, consists mainly of grasses, with an interspersion of legumes and other forbs (non-grass herbaceous plants). Pasture is typically grazed throughout the summer, in contrast to meadow which is ungrazed or used for grazing only after being mown to make hay for animal fodder. Pasture in a wider sense additionally includes rangelands, other unenclosed pastoral systems, and land types used by wild animals for grazing or browsing. Pasture lands in the narrow sense are distinguished from rangelands by being managed through more intensive agricultural practices of seeding, irrigation, and the use of fertilizers, while rangelands grow primarily native vegetation, managed with e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archibald Clunes Innes
Archibald Clunes Innes (1799–1857) was a soldier and pastoralist from Thrumster, Caithness, Scotland. When he arrived in Australia in 1822 he was a captain in the Third Regiment (Buffs), on the ship ''Eliza'', in charge of 170 convicts. Innes was a commandant at the Port Macquarie penal settlement from November 1826 to April 1827. He then spent time in Sydney as brigade major before becoming a superintendent of police and magistrate at Parramatta, until 1829. Captain Innes returned in 1830 and settled on his grant of 2,568 acres (1,039 ha) of land near Port Macquarie where the 22-room Lake Innes house was built, using convict labour, in several stages between 1831 and 1843. In 1837 Innes had 85 convicts working for him at Port Macquarie.1837 Muster p 156. film 2724, bench book 8 Folio 161 #2694 p.156 His wife Margaret, (daughter of Alexander Macleay), was also an early grantee and received land at Crottys Plains on the Wilson River near Rollands Plains. Major A. C. Inn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bora (Australian)
Bora is an initiation ceremony of the Aboriginal people of Eastern Australia. The word "bora" also refers to the site on which the initiation is performed. At such a site, boys, having reached puberty, achieve the status of men. The initiation ceremony differs from Aboriginal culture to culture, but often, at a physical level, involved scarification, circumcision, subincision and, in some regions, also the removal of a tooth. During the rites, the youths who were to be initiated were taught traditional sacred songs, the secrets of the tribe's religious visions, dances, and traditional lore. Many different clans would assemble to participate in an initiation ceremony. Women and children were not permitted to be present at the sacred bora ground where these rituals were undertaken. Bora terminology The word ''Bora'' was originally taken from the Gamilaraay language spoken by the Kamilaroi people who lived in the region north of the Hunter Valley in New South Wales to souther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Midden
A midden is an old dump for domestic waste. It may consist of animal bones, human excrement, botanical material, mollusc shells, potsherds, lithics (especially debitage), and other artifacts and ecofacts associated with past human occupation. These features provide a useful resource for archaeologists who wish to study the diets and habits of past societies. Middens with damp, anaerobic conditions can even preserve organic remains in deposits as the debris of daily life are tossed on the pile. Each individual toss will contribute a different mix of materials depending upon the activity associated with that particular toss. During the course of deposition sedimentary material is deposited as well. Different mechanisms, from wind and water to animal digs, create a matrix which can also be analysed to provide seasonal and climatic information. In some middens individual dumps of material can be discerned and analysed. Shells A shell midden or shell mound is an arc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Native Title In Australia
Native title is the set of rights, recognised by Australian law, held by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander groups or individuals to land that derive from their maintenance of their traditional laws and customs. These Aboriginal title rights were first recognised as a part of Australian common law with the decision of '' Mabo v Queensland (No 2)'' in 1992. The doctrine was subsequently implemented and modified via statute with the '' Native Title Act 1993''. The concept recognises that in certain cases there was and is a continued beneficial legal interest in land held by Indigenous peoples which survived the acquisition of radical title and sovereignty to the land by the Crown. Native title can co-exist with non-Aboriginal proprietary rights and in some cases different Aboriginal groups can exercise their native title rights over the same land. The Federal Court of Australia arranges mediation in relation to claims made by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gumbaynggirr
The Gumbaynggirr people, also rendered Kumbainggar, Gumbangeri and other variant spellings, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Mid North Coast of New South Wales. Gumbathagang was a probable clan or sub-group. The traditional lands of the Gumbaynggirr nation stretch from Tabbimoble Yamba-Clarence River to Ngambaa-Stuarts Point, SWR- Macleay to Guyra and to Oban. History Clement Hodgkinson was the first European to make contact with the local Aboriginal community when he explored the upper reaches of the Nambucca and Bellinger Rivers in March 1841. Three decades later, loggers began to work their way up through the Orara River cedar stands in the 1870s. Over c.1873-1874, J.W. Lindt produced photographs of local indigenous people both in their environment and conducting actual traditional ceremonies in the Clarence River district, and made portraits in his studio. Contemporary commentary records them as "the first successful attempt at representing the native black ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yarriabini National Park
Yarriabini National Park is a protected area of 2092 hectares, situated in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales. The nearest large town is Macksville. The high rainfall and relatively fertile soils produce outstanding eucalyptus forest and rainforest. Large rose gum and hoop pine grow in sheltered areas. "Yarriabini" is said to mean "koala rolling". The elevation of the terrain is 354 meters. Climate Summer temperature averages range from 18°C to 27°C, and winter range from 11°C and 19°C. See also * Protected areas of New South Wales The Protected areas of New South Wales include both terrestrial and marine protected areas. there are 225 national parks in New South Wales. A number established since the late 1970s followed campaigns by local residents and environmentalis ... References National parks of New South Wales Forests of New South Wales 2003 establishments in Australia Mid North Coast {{NewSouthWales-protected-area-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Heinemann
William Henry Heinemann (18 May 1863 – 5 October 1920) was an English publisher of Jewish descent and the founder of the Heinemann (book publisher), Heinemann publishing, publishing house in London. Early life On 18 May 1863, William Heinemann was born in Surbiton, Surrey, England. His father Louis Heinemann was a native of Hanover, Germany, who immigrated as a child with his family. He became a director of Parr's Bank. Heinemann's mother was born Jane Lavino. Both his parents were Jewish by descent, although they had converted to Anglicanism, which their families had followed for two generations. In his early life, the young Heinemann wanted to be a musician, either as a performer or a composer, but he came to believe that he lacked the ability to be successful in that field. Career Heinemann took a job with the music publishing company of Nicolas Trübner. After Trübner died in 1884, Heinemann switched fields to literature. He founded his own publishing house in Covent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tom Keneally
Thomas Michael Keneally, AO (born 7 October 1935) is an Australian novelist, playwright, essayist, and actor. He is best known for his historical fiction novel '' Schindler's Ark'', the story of Oskar Schindler's rescue of Jews during the Holocaust, which won the Booker Prize in 1982. The book would later be adapted into Steven Spielberg's 1993 film '' Schindler's List'', which won seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture. Early life Both Keneally's parents (Edmund Thomas Keneally and Elsie Margaret Coyle) were born to Irish fathers in the timber and dairy town of Kempsey, New South Wales, and, though born in Sydney, his early years were also spent in Kempsey. His father, Edmund Thomas Keneally, flew for the Royal Australian Air Force in World War II, then returned to work in a small business in Sydney. By 1942, the family had moved to 7 Loftus Crescent, Homebush, a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney and Keneally was enrolled at Christian Brothers St Patrick's College, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
