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Karnöffel Group
Karnöffel is a trick-taking game, trick-taking card game which probably came from the upper-German language area in Europe in the first quarter of the 15th century. It first appeared listed in a municipal ordinance of Nördlingen, Bavaria, in 1426 among the games that could be lawfully played at the annual city fête. This makes the game the oldest identifiable European card game in the history of playing cards with a continuous tradition of play down to the present day. History The earliest substantial reference to Karnöffel is a poem by Meissner, written in or before 1450. Historically ''karnöffeln'' meant "to cudgel, thrash or flog", but in medieval times, a ''Karnöffel'' was also the word for an inguinal hernia. Karnöffel had a Suit (cards), suit, the 'chosen suit', in which some cards had a higher priority than cards in other suits, which indicates that it might be a possible precursor to the trump (card games), trump suit of Tarot. The earliest forms of Karnöffel ut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trump (card Games)
A trump is a playing card which is elevated above its usual rank in trick-taking games. Typically an entire suit is nominated as a ''trump suit''; these cards then outrank all cards of plain (non-trump) suits. In other contexts, the terms ''trump card'' or ''to trump'' refers to any sort of action, authority or policy which automatically prevails over all others. The introduction of trumps is one of only two major innovations to trick-taking games since they were invented; the other being the idea of bidding. Trump cards, initially called '' trionfi'', first appeared with the advent of Tarot cards in which there is a separate, permanent trump suit comprising a number of picture cards. The first known example of such cards was ordered by the Duke of Milan around 1420 and included 16 trumps with images of Greek and Roman gods. Around the same time that Tarot cards were invented with the purpose of adding a trump suit to the existing four suits, a similar concept arose in the g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
15th-century Card Games
The 15th century was the century which spans the Julian calendar dates from 1 January 1401 (represented by the Roman numerals MCDI) to 31 December 1500 (MD). In Europe, the 15th century includes parts of the Late Middle Ages, the Early Renaissance, and the early modern period. Many technological, social and cultural developments of the 15th century can in retrospect be seen as heralding the " European miracle" of the following centuries. The architectural perspective, and the modern fields which are known today as banking and accounting were founded in Italy. The Hundred Years' War ended with a decisive French victory over the English in the Battle of Castillon. Financial troubles in England following the conflict resulted in the Wars of the Roses, a series of dynastic wars for the throne of England. The conflicts ended with the defeat of Richard III by Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth Field, establishing the Tudor dynasty in the later part of the century. Constantin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Dummett
Sir Michael Anthony Eardley Dummett (; 27 June 1925 – 27 December 2011) was an English academic described as "among the most significant British philosophers of the last century and a leading campaigner for racial tolerance and equality." He was, until 1992, Wykeham Professor of Logic at the University of Oxford. He wrote on the history of analytic philosophy, notably as an interpreter of Frege, and made original contributions particularly in the philosophies of mathematics, logic, language and metaphysics. He was known for his work on truth and meaning and their implications to debates between realism and anti-realism, a term he helped to popularize. In mathematical logic, he developed an intermediate logic, a logical system intermediate between classical logic and intuitionistic logic that had already been studied by Kurt Gödel: the Gödel–Dummett logic. In voting theory, he devised the Quota Borda system of proportional voting, based on the Borda count, and conj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beater (cards)
The following is a glossary of terms used in card games. Besides the terms listed here, there are thousands of common and uncommon slang terms. Terms in this glossary should not be game-specific (e.g. specific to bridge, hearts, poker or rummy), but apply to a wide range of card games played with non-proprietary packs. It should not include terms solely related to casino or banking games. For glossaries that relate primarily to one game or family of similar games, see Game-specific glossaries. A ; ace # The card with one pip in a pack of cards. Usually the highest card of a suit, ranking immediately above the king. May also occupy the lowest rank. # Commonly refers to the Deuce or Two in German-suited packs which don't have real Aces. Often the highest card of a suit. ; acorns : One of the four suits in a German-suited pack of cards. Symbol: ; active # A card that is in play i.e. not sleeping. # See active player. ; active player # A player who receives cards in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German-suited Pack
German-suited playing cards are a very common style of traditional playing card used in many parts of Central Europe characterised by 32- or 36-card packs with the suits of Acorns (''Eichel'' or ''Kreuz''), Leaves (''Grün'', ''Blatt'', ''Laub'', ''Pik'' or ''Gras''), Hearts (''Herz'' or ''Rot'') and Bells (''Schelle'', ''Schell'' or ''Bolle''). The German suit system is one of the oldest, becoming standard around 1450 and, a few decades later, influencing the design of the now international French suit system of Clubs, Spades, Hearts and Diamonds. Today German-suited playing cards are common in south and east Germany, Austria, German-speaking Switzerland, Liechtenstein, north Italy, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, northern Serbia (Vojvodina province), southern Poland and central and western Romania. History Playing cards (''Spielkarten'') originally entered German-speaking lands around the late 1370s. The earliest cards were probably Latin-s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voormsi
Voormsi or Vorms is an old, Greenlandic, trick-taking card game of the Brusbart family designed for four players. History Voormsi is "reputed to be ancient", possibly dating to the Whaling Period before 1721, between the late 15th century disappearance of the Norse settlement and the arrival of Danish missionaries. During this time, the only contacts with Europeans were with pirates and whalers. Its rules and terminology strongly suggest that it is descended from the centuries-old German game of Brusbart, now known as Bruus, which was once the national game of Hamburg and which spread across most of northern Europe spawning a family of similar games such as Russian Bruzbart, Polish Drużbart, Swedish Bräus, Icelandic Brús and others. Brusbart in turn descends from Karnöffel, the oldest card game in Europe with a continuous tradition of play down to the present day, a fact testified to by "the wildly disturbed ranking order in the chosen suit and particularly by the speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bräus
Bräus (or Brus) is an old Swedish card game from the island of Gotland that differs from all others in that not all cards are actually playable.Smith (1993), pp. 36/37 The game is descended from the oldest known card game in Europe, Karnöffel, a fact testified by its unusual card ranking and lack of a uniform trump suit.''Bräus regler'' at kortspelonline.se. Retrieved 21 May 2019. Bräus is designed for four players and is played with 36 cards of a , each of the four suits comprising the cards 6-10, Jack, Queen, King, and Ace. However, only 22 of these cards may be played. Background ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brús
Brús is a traditional Icelandic card game for four-players using French-suited cards. It is descended via German Brusbart from Karnöffel, Europe's oldest known card game. History Brús is described as an old Icelandic game, but its rules and terminology suggest that it is descended from the centuries-old German game of Brusbart, now known as Bruus, which was once the national game of Hamburg and which spread across most of northern Europe spawning a family of games such as Russian Bruzbart, Polish Drużbart, Swedish Bräus, Greenlandic Voormsi and others. Brusbart in turn is descended from Karnöffel, the oldest card game in Europe with a continuous tradition of play down to the present day, a fact testified to by "the wildly disturbed ranking order in the chosen suit and particularly by the special role of the chosen Seven". The folklore historian, Ólafur Davíðsson, wrote about Icelandic entertainment and published it in the years 1888–1892. There he mentions this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brus (card Game)
Brus is a four-hand card game of German descent that was once played in Denmark and Estonia. The game is descended from the oldest known card game in Europe, Karnöffel, a fact testified by its unusual card ranking and lack of a uniform trump suit. Brus is designed for four players and is played with 36 cards of a French pack, each of the four suit (cards), suits comprising the cards 6-10, Jack, Queen, King and Ace. History Brus is described as an old Jutlandish game, but its rules and terminology suggest that it is descended from the centuries-old German game of Brusbart, now known as Bruus, which was once the national game of Hamburg and which spread across most of northern Europe spawning a family of games such as Russian Bruzbart, Polish Drużbart, Swedish Bräus, Greenlandic Voormsi and others. Brusbart in turn is descended from Karnöffel, the oldest card game in Europe with a continuous tradition of play down to the present day, a fact testified to by "the wildly disturbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruus
Bruus, formerly Brausebart or Brusbart, is a north German card game for four players in two teams of two. It was once highly popular but has since died out except for a few pockets in the state of Schleswig-Holstein. As Brusbart, it was the ancestor of a family of similar games in northern Europe, including Swedish Bräus and Danish Brus (card game), Brus which are still played today. Bruus features 'daring and tormenting' which has been said to give the game a certain charm. Once considered the national game of Hamburg, Bruus is a descendant of Karnöffel, the oldest identifiable European card game in the history of playing cards with a continuous tradition of play down to the present day. The game is named after the ''Bruus'' or ''Brusbart'', once its top card, but now its second-highest trump. History The game of Brusbart or Brausebart goes back at least to the first half of the 18th century, Amelung even suggesting that this "old German game" may have emerged as early as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaisern
Kaiserspiel, also called Kaisern or Cheisärä, is a card game, usually for 4 or 6 players, that is played in parts of Switzerland using a variant of the standard Swiss playing cards with 40 or 48 cards. It is a descendant of Karnöffel, one of the oldest card games known.''Kaiserspiel'' at www.pagat.com. Retrieved 4 Jun 2018. It is sometimes misleadingly called ''Kaiserjass'', although it has nothing to do with the family of games that are popular in Switzerland. Cards The Kaiserspiel pack comprises four suits: , |
