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Kanun-e Banuvan
Kanoun-e-Banovan ('Ladies’ Center') was an Iranian women's rights organization, founded on 14 October 1935. It played an important part in the Kashf-e hijab reform against compulsory hijab (veiling). In 1932, the Second Eastern Women's Congress was organized by the leading women's rights organization Jam'iyat-e Nesvan-e Vatankhah with state support. After the Congress was over, however, the organization was dissolved. The Iranian royal regime wished to support women's rights, since it was regarded as a vital part of their modernization program; however, it wanted to have control over the women's movement. In 1935, minister Ali-Asghar Hekmat called upon the leading veteran women's rights activists of the Iranian women's rights movement and offered them to start a new women's rights organization with state support, and they accepted the offer. Hajar Tarbiat became the President of the organization, and a number of prominent feminists became members of the organization, amo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashf-e Hijab
On 8 January 1936, Reza Shah of Iran (Persia) issued a decree known as ''Kashf-e hijab'' (also Romanized as "Kashf-e hijāb" and "Kashf-e hejāb", fa, کشف حجاب, lit=Unveiling) banning all Islamic veils (including hijab and chador), an edict that was swiftly and forcefully implemented. Hoodfar, Homa (fall 1993). ''The Veil in Their Minds and On Our Heads: The Persistence of Colonial Images of Muslim Women'', Resources for feminist research (RFR) / Documentation sur la recherche féministe (DRF), Vol. 22, n. 3/4, pp. 5–18, Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto (OISE), Milani, Farzaneh (1992). ''Veils and Words: The Emerging Voices of Iranian Women Writers'', Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, pp. 19, 34–37, Paidar, Parvin (1995): ''Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran'', Cambridge Middle East studies, Vol. 1, Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 106–107, 214– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Eastern Women's Congress
Second Eastern Women's Congress, also known as Second General Congress of Oriental Women and Second Oriental Women's Congress was an international women's conference which took place in Tehran in Iran in between 27 November and 2 December 1932. It was the second international conference to unite women's organizations of the Middle East, following the First Eastern Women's Congress. Life The conference was arranged with royal support by Iran's leading women's rights organisation Jam'iyat-e Nesvan-e Vatankhah, under the leadership of Ashraf Pahlavi, with participants from the Arab World and Eastern Asia. Ashraf Pahlavi served as the honorary president of the Congress and Sediqeh Dowlatabadi as its secretary. Šayḵ-al-Molk Owrang of Lebanon served as its President, and Fāṭema Saʿīd Merād of Syria, Ḥonayna Ḵūrīya of Egypt and Mastūra Afšār of Persia belonged to the organization committee. Representatives from Afghanistan, Australia, China, Egypt, Greece, India, Ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jam'iyat-e Nesvan-e Vatankhah
Jam'iyat-e Nesvân-e Vatankhâh ( fa, جمعیت نسوان وطنخواه, meaning "Patriotic Women's League of Iran" or "Society of Patriotic Women") (1922–1933), was one of the most active organizations in the Women's rights movement in Iran that formed after the Persian Constitutional Revolution. Sanasarian, Eliz. ''The Women's Rights Movements in Iran'', Praeger, New York: 1982, . History The Society was set up in 1922 under the name, Jamʿīyat-e taraqqī-e neswān, by Mohtaram Eskandari, director of the state school number 5 for girls, who was disappointed with the results of the revolution for women, Noor-ol-Hoda Mangeneh, Mastoureh Afshar, and other women's rights activists.Parvin Paidar. Women and the political process in twentieth-century Iran'. Cambridge University Press, 1997, , Their objective was "to emphasize hecontinuous respect for the laws and rituals of Islam; to promote the education and moral upbringing of girls; to encourage national industries; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali-Asghar Hekmat
Hekmat-e Shirazi حکمت شیرازی or Mirza Ali-Asghar Khan Hekmat-e Shirazi (16 June 1892 – 25 August 1980) was an Iranian politician, diplomat and author who served as the Iranian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Justice, and Minister of Culture under the government of Reza Shah and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shahs of Iran. Hekmat was an Iranian ambassador to India and wrote multiple books about Indian history and culture. After the Islamic revolution in Iran, his books and works were ignored and he was labelled as a Freemason, but one of his books, ''Persian Inscriptions on Indian Monuments'', was recently reprinted and introduced to Iranians. Text was copied from this source, which is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License/ref> See also * History of Iran * History of India * Academy of Persian Language and Literature * List of English words of Persian origin * ArchNet, MIT/UT Austin's archive of Iranian architectural docume ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hajar Tarbiat
Hajar Tarbiat ( fa, هاجر تربیت, 1906 – 1974) was an Iranian women's rights activist and politician. In 1963 she was one of the first group of women elected to the National Consultative Assembly. Eight years later, she also became the first woman elected to the Senate. Biography Tarbiat was born in 1906 in Istanbul, where her father Hossein Gholi Tarbiat worked in the Persian embassy. After completing her secondary education, she also began working at the embassy. While living in Istanbul, she met Mahammad Ali Tarbiat, who she married. The couple moved to Persia, where Tarbiat became head of a school in Tabriz. In 1935 she established the Women's Centre in Tehran, supporting the Kashf-e hijab reform against compulsory hijab (veiling). In 1943 she was amongst the co-founders of the Women's Party. Women were granted the right to vote in 1963, and in the parliamentary elections that year, Tarbiat was one of six women elected to the National Consultative Assembly.Lois B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khadijeh Afzal Vaziri
Khadijeh Afzal Vaziri ( fa, خدیجه افضل وزیری) (1889 – 3 January 1981) was a women's rights activist, journalist and educator from Iran. She campaigned against the enforced wearing of the chador and supported the Kashf-e hijab. Early life Khadijeh Afzal Khanoom was born in 1889 in Tehran and was the fifth child of Bibi Khanum Astarabadi, a women's rights activist and Musa Khan Vaziri. According to some historical sources, when Bibi Khanum had not yet established her school, she would send her daughter to school in boys' clothes so that she could study alongside her brothers. Her siblings included: Hasan Ali Khan Wazir, Ali Naqi Vaziri and Mowlud Khanoom who was a teacher like their mother. When she reached the age of 16, she taught the girls at Doshizgan Elementary School, which her mother had founded, becoming one of the first teachers in Iran's first girls' school. She later taught at her sister's school too. She married her cousin Agha Bozorg Mallah. Their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sediqeh Dowlatabadi
Sediqeh Dowlatabadi ( fa, صدیقه دولتآبادی ; 1882 in Isfahan – July 30, 1961 in Tehran) was an Iranian feminist activist and journalist and one of the pioneering figures in the Persian women's movement. On one of the occasions when Dowlatabadi was arrested for her activities, she replied: Sir, I was born a hundred years late, if I had been born earlier, I would not have allowed women to be so humiliated and trapped in your chains. Early life Dowlatabadi was born in 1882 in Isfahan. Her father was Hadi Dolatabadi and his mother was Khatameh Begum. Her father was a progressive religious jurist and allowed Dolatabadi to begin her education in Persian and Arabic in Tehran. She then continued her secondary education at Dar-ol-Fonoun Academy. Aged 15, she married Etezad al-Hakma, but they divorced because Dowlatabadi was infertile. Career Dowlatabadi believed that the only route for the advancement of women was through their education. In 1917, she founded one of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farrokhroo Parsa
Farrokhroo Parsa ( fa, فرخرو پارسا; 24 March 1922 – 8 May 1980) was an Iranian physician, educator, and parliamentarian. She served as minister of education under Amir Abbas Hoveida and was the first female cabinet minister. Parsa was an outspoken supporter of women's rights in Iran. Farrokhroo Parsa was executed by firing squad on 8 May 1980 in Tehran, at the outset of the Islamic Cultural Revolution. Biography Farrokhroo Parsa was born on 24 March 1922 in Qom to Zoroastrian parents Farrokh-Din and Fakhr-e Āfāgh Pārsāy. Her mother, Fakhr-e Āfāgh, was the editor of the women's magazine '' Jahān-e Zan'',. and a vocal proponent for gender equality and for educational opportunities for women. Her views on this subject met with opposition of the conservative sections of the society of her time, leading to the expulsion of the family by the government of Ahmad Qavām, from Tehran to Qom, where Fakhr-e Āfāgh was placed under house arrest. It was here ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parvin E'tesami
Parvin E'tesami (1907 – April 5, 1941) also known as Rakhshandeh Etesami ( fa, رخشنده اعتصامی), and Parvin Etesami ( fa, پروین اعتصامی), was an Iranian 20th-century Persian poet. Life Parvin E'tesami was born in 1907 in Tabriz to parent, Mirza Yussef Etessami Ashtiani (E'tesam-al-Molk). Her paternal grandfather was Mirza Ebrahim Khan Mostawfi Etesam-al-Molk. Her grandfather Mirza Ebrahim Khan Mostawfi Etesam-al-Molk was originally from Ashtiyan, but moved to Tabriz and was appointed financial controller of the province of Azerbaijan by the Qajar administration. E'tesami had four brothers, her mother died in 1973. Her family moved to Tehran early in her life, and in addition to the formal schooling, she obtained a solid understanding of Arabic and classical Persian literature from her father. At the age of 8 she started writing poems. She studied at the Iran Bethel School in Tehran, an American high school for girls where she graduated in 1924. After ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Council Of Women's Organizations Of Iran
The Women's Organization of Iran (WOI; fa, سازمان زنان ایران) was a non-profit organization created in 1966, mostly run by volunteers, with local branches and centers for women all over the country, determined to enhance the rights of women in Iran. The WOI had committees working on health, literacy, education, law, social welfare, handicrafts, international affairs, provincial affairs, membership and fund raising. Its Women's Centers provided literacy classes and vocational training, family-planning information and legal advice. By 1975, the International Year of the Woman, the WOI had established 349 branches, 120 women's centers, a training center and a center for research. It succeeded in making women's rights part of the national agenda, but was dismantled with the Islamic Revolution in 1979. Structure Many women's organizations had emerged in the 1950s. In 1959, Princess Ashraf Pahlavi formed a committee to prepare the ground for an umbrella organization call ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1935 Establishments In Iran
Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * January 12 – Amelia Earhart becomes the first person to successfully complete a solo flight from Hawaii to California, a distance of 2,408 miles. * January 13 – A plebiscite in the Territory of the Saar Basin shows that 90.3% of those voting wish to join Germany. * January 24 – The first canned beer is sold in Richmond, Virginia, United States, by Gottfried Krueger Brewing Company. February * February 6 – Parker Brothers begins selling the board game Monopoly in the United States. * February 13 – Richard Hauptmann is convicted and sentenced to death for the kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh Jr. in the United States. * February 15 – The discovery and clinical development of Prontosil, the first broadly effective antibiotic, is published in a serie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
