Kampong Ayer
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Kampong Ayer
Kampung Ayer (') is a prominent traditional settlement in Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei. It comprises neighbourhoods of traditional houses, schools and mosques built on stilts above the Brunei River near the capital's city centre. It has an area of about ; the total population was 10,250 in 2016. It has been historically nicknamed ' Venice of the East'. Etymology The present name 'Kampung Ayer' is the obsolete romanised spelling of the Malay term '', which literally means 'Water Village'. However, the old spelling version is retained and still used as the primary name of the place. In general, village names are based on a number of themes, including the title of the state dignitaries who resided there, the area's specialty trade, the location of the village, or the site of a notable event or celebration. Examples of names based on nearby locations or rivers include Kampong Sungai Kedayan, Kampong Sungai Asam, Kampong Pekan Lama, Kampong Sungai Pandan, Kampon ...
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Villages Of Brunei
A village ( or ) is the third and lowest administrative division of Brunei. It is headed by a village head (). Several villages are grouped together to form a mukim. A village is generally the traditional rural settlement, in particular in the sense of a kampong or Malay traditional village, but it may also be an urbanised settlement within or near the capital city or a town, or part of the public housing estates. The population varies from hundreds to a few thousands. Administration Villages are administered under the district office of the district where they belong. A village is headed by a village head (). It is an elected position, whereby the populace nominates candidates to the district office and votes among the approved nominees. The nominee may be of an age between 30 and 55 years old. The elected person shall be in office for up to ten years. A village may also have a Village Consultative Council (), the local equivalent of community association. A key out ...
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Za'aba Spelling
The Za'aba Spelling () was the second major spelling reform of Malay alphabet, Malay Rumi Script introduced in 1924. The reform was devised by Zainal Abidin Ahmad (writer), Zainal Abidin Ahmad or better known by the moniker Za'aba, a notable writer and linguist at Sultan Idris Education University, Sultan Idris Teachers College. Za'aba's orthographic system principally dealt with the assignment of vowels in closed syllables, distinguished the schwa from the half-open vowel /e/ by a new grapheme , and insisted on the use of hyphens to differentiate affixes or Preposition and postposition, post-positional Emphasis (typography), emphases from the infinitives. The system as devised by Za'aba emphasised the importance to represent the original pronunciation of Johor-Riau Malay, where various modern standards of Malay were derived, that he viewed as the most elegant form of Malay. From 1930s onward, the Za'aba system gained wide sanction and was used officially in education and civil admi ...
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Thalassocracy
A thalassocracy or thalattocracy, sometimes also maritime empire, is a state with primarily maritime realms, an empire at sea, or a seaborne empire. Traditional thalassocracies seldom dominate interiors, even in their home territories. Examples of this were the Phoenician states of Tyre (Lebanon), Tyre, Sidon and Ancient Carthage, Carthage; the Italian city-states, Italian maritime republics of Republic of Venice, Venice and Republic of Genoa, Genoa of the Mediterranean; the Omani Empire of Arabia; and the empires of Srivijaya and Majapahit in Maritime Southeast Asia. Thalassocracies can thus be distinguished from traditional empires, where a state's territories, though possibly linked principally or solely by the sea lanes, generally extend into mainland interiors in a tellurocracy ("land-based hegemony"). The term ''thalassocracy'' can also simply refer to command of the sea, naval supremacy, in either military or commercial senses. The ancient Greeks first used the word ''thala ...
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Olivier Van Noort
Olivier van Noort (1558 – 22 February 1627) was a Dutch merchant captain and the first Dutchman to circumnavigate the world.Quanchi, ''Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Pacific Islands'', page 246 Olivier van Noort was born in 1558 in Utrecht. He left Rotterdam on 2 July 1598 with four ships to find an alternative trade route to China and the Spice Islands during the Dutch Eighty Years' War with Spain and Portugal. His ships were poorly equipped, especially in the way of armament, and the crews were unruly. Van Noort sailed through the Strait of Magellan, and captured a number of Spanish and Portuguese ships along the Pacific coast of South America. While in the strait his men killed around forty indigenous Selkʼnam, in what was the bloodiest recorded event in the strait until then. He lost two ships on the way due to a storm, including his largest ship, the ''Hendrick Frederick'', which was wrecked on Ternate in the Maluku Islands. In November an ...
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Magellan Expedition
The Magellan expedition, sometimes termed the MagellanElcano expedition, was a 16th-century Spanish Empire, Spanish expedition planned and led by Portuguese Empire, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. One of the most important voyages in the Age of Discovery, its purpose was to secure a maritime Spice trade, trade route with the Maluku Islands, Moluccas, or Spice Islands, in present-day Indonesia. The expedition departed Spain in 1519 and returned there in 1522 led by Spanish navigator Juan Sebastián Elcano, who crossed the Indian Ocean after Battle of Mactan, Magellan's death in the Philippines. Totaling 60,440 km, or 37,560 mi, the nearly three-year voyage achieved the first circumnavigation of Earth in history. It also marked the first Transpacific crossing, crossing of the Pacific by a European expedition, revealing the vast scale of that ocean, and proved that ships could sail around the world on a western sea route. The five-ship fleet left Spain on 20 September 1519 ...
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Antonio Pigafetta
Antonio Pigafetta (; – c. 1531) was a Venetian scholar and explorer. In 1519, he joined the Spanish expedition to the Spice Islands led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, the world's first Magellan's circumnavigation, circumnavigation, and is best known for being the chronicler of the voyage. During the expedition, he served as Magellan's assistant until Magellan's death in the Philippine Islands, and kept an accurate journal, which later assisted him in translating the Cebuano language. It is the Pigafetta's dictionary, first recorded document concerning the language. Pigafetta was one of the Magellan's circumnavigation#Survivors, 18 men who made the complete trip, returning to Spain in 1522, under the command of Juan Sebastián Elcano, out of the approximately 240 who set out three years earlier. These men completed the first circumnavigation of the world while others mutinied and returned in the first year. Pigafetta's surviving journal is the source for much of what ...
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Muhammad Shah Of Brunei
Muhammad Shah (born Awang Alak Betatar; died ) established the Sultanate of Brunei and was its first sultan, from 1363/68 until 1402, the year of his alleged death. The genealogy of Muhammad Shah remains unclear. He converted to Islam in the 14th century and assumed the name Sultan Muhammad Shah. Subsequent sovereigns of Brunei, governed by a Muslim administration, were referred to as sultans. Personal life According to tradition, Awang Alak Betatar and his half-brother Awang Semaun were among the 14 siblings born to their father, Dewa Emas Kayangan, and a Murut woman from Limbang. Dewa Emas Kayangan embarked on a quest for a specific type of cattle, the '' tembadau'', to fulfill his wife's desires while she was pregnant. Throughout his journey, he married women in four villages, fathered children, and ultimately had the 14 siblings mentioned. Upon finding the ''tembadau'', Dewa Emas Kayangan chose to ascend to the celestial realms, where he was known as Batara Kala di Ka ...
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Sultan Of Brunei
The Sultan of Brunei is the monarchical head of state of Brunei and head of government in his capacity as prime minister of Brunei. Since independence from the British in 1984, only one sultan has reigned, though the royal institution dates back to the 14th century. The Sultan of Brunei can be thought of as synonymous with the ruling House of Bolkiah, with generations being traced from the first sultan, Muhammad Shah, temporarily interrupted by the thirteenth sultan, Abdul Hakkul Mubin, who in turn was deposed by a member of the House of Bolkiah. The sultan's full title is His Majesty The Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam. Sultans His Majesty The Sultan’s Flight The Sultan has had a private fleet of VIP aircraft since 1979https://www.Helios.com/database/org/Brunei-Government/ consisting of Boeing 747-8(V8-BKH) Boeing 767-200 (V8-MHB) and Boeing 787-8 (V8-OAS), as well as helicopters such as Sikorsky S70 and S76. The aircraft fleet are not part of the nati ...
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The Brunei Times
''The Brunei Times'' was an independent English-language daily compact broadsheet newspaper published in Brunei Darussalam from 2006 to 2016. It was owned by Brunei Times PLC. History The paper was introduced at a soft launch on , at The Mall, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam, and carried the motto 'Fresh Ideas, New Option, Global Vision'. Pehin Adanan Yusof officially launched the paper, emphasising the need of a newspaper in maintaining the Sultanate's peace and security. The new daily, which was available online, aimed to give residents with an extra source of information, and to play a beneficial part in the nation-building process, according to Ahmad Morshidi (Managing Director). It was offered on a complimentary basis until 16 July 2006. The paper went to print in their new printing plant in Junjungan while moving away from its original broadsheet format to a newer compact broadsheet on 28 March 2007. April 2007 saw ''The Brunei Times'' working closely with the Ministry ...
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Bruneian Empire
Bruneian may refer to: * Something of, or related to Brunei * A person from Brunei, or of Bruneian descent. For information about the Bruneian people, see Demographics of Brunei and Culture of Brunei. For specific Bruneians, see List of Bruneians. * There is no language called "Bruneian". See Languages of Brunei. See also * {{disambig Language and nationality disambiguation pages ...
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Artisan
An artisan (from , ) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates material objects partly or entirely by hand. These objects may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative art, sculpture, clothing, food items, household items, and tools and mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker. Artisans practice a craft and may through experience and aptitude reach the expressive levels of an artist. History The adjective "artisanal" is often used in describing hand-processing in contrast to an industrial process, such as in the phrase '' artisanal mining''. Thus, "artisanal" is sometimes used in marketing and advertising as a buzz word to describe or imply some relation with the crafting of handmade food products, such as bread, beverages, cheese or textiles. Many of these have traditionally been handmade, rural or pastoral goods but are also now commonly made on a larger scale with automated mechanization in factorie ...
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Kampong Sultan Lama
Kampong Sultan Lama () was a neighbourhood in Kampong Ayer, the riverine stilt settlement in Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei. It was officially a Villages of Brunei, village Subdivisions of Brunei, subdivision under Mukim Sungai Kedayan, Sungai Kedayan, a Mukims of Brunei, mukim (subdistrict) of Brunei–Muara District. Etymology The Kampong Sultan Lama, translated as Old Sultan's Village, was allegedly named in honour of Sultan of Brunei, Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin, who ruled from 1890 to 1906. He stayed in the village's Istana Kota. The first dry-land palace was constructed in 1922 when Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam II made the decision to construct a brand-new palace called Istana Majlis. History The House of Bolkiah, Brunei royalty played a pivotal role in the migration from Kampong Ayer to the mainland, recognising the opportunities presented by List of administrators of British Brunei, British Resident Malcolm Stewart Hannibal McArthur, McArthur's fo ...
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