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Kaili–Pamona Languages
The Kaili–Pamona languages are a branch of the Celebic languages, Celebic subgroup in the Austronesian language family spoken in western Central Sulawesi province, Indonesia. Languages Per the 23rd edition of ''Ethnologue'', languages classed under the Kaili–Pamona languages grouping include the following: *Northern **Kaili: Kaili language, Kaili (Ledo Kaili language, Ledo Kaili, Da’a Kaili language, Da'a Kaili, Unde Kaili language, Unde Kaili, Baras language, Baras), Lindu language, Lindu, Moma language, Moma (Kulawi), Topoiyo language, Topoiyo, Sedoa language, Sedoa **Pamona: Pamona language, Pamona (Bare’e), Tombelala language, Tombelala *Southern **Rampi language, Rampi **Uma language, Uma **Sarudu language, Sarudu **Badaic languages, Badaic: Bada language, Bada, Behoa language, Behoa (Besoa), Napu language, Napu Zobel (2020) lists the Kaili–Pamona languages, which he calls ''Northern Kaili–Wolio'', as Common Kaili language, Kaili, Sedoa language, Sedoa, Kulawi l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulawesi
Sulawesi ( ), also known as Celebes ( ), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the List of islands by area, world's 11th-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. Within Indonesia, only Sumatra, Borneo, and New Guinea, Papua are larger in territory, and only Java and Sumatra are more populous. The landmass of Sulawesi includes four peninsulas: the northern Minahasa Peninsula, the East Peninsula, Sulawesi, East Peninsula, the South Peninsula, Sulawesi, South Peninsula, and the Southeast Peninsula, Sulawesi, Southeast Peninsula. Three gulfs separate these peninsulas: the Gulf of Tomini between the northern Minahasa and East peninsulas, the Tolo Gulf between the East and Southeast peninsulas, and the Bone Gulf between the South and Southeast peninsulas. The Strait of Makassar runs along the western side of the island and separates the island from Borneo. Etymology The n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pamona Language
Pamona (also ''Poso'' or ''Bare’e'') is an Austronesian language spoken in Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is part of the northern group of the Kaili–Pamona languages. Dialects ''Ethnologue'' lists the following as dialects: Laiwonu (Iba), Pamona (Poso), Rapangkaka (Aria), Taa (Topotaa, Wana), Tobau (Bare’e, Tobalo, Tobao), Tokondindi, Tomoni, and Topada. The Poso dialect is the prestige dialect, specifically the variety spoken in the interior around Lake Poso. The coastal Poso variety () – mostly spoken by Muslims in the trading hub Poso Poso (Van Ophuijsen Spelling System, Old Spelling: ''Posso'') is the administrative capital of Poso Regency, Indonesia. It is the main port and transportation hub for the central-southern coast of Central Sulawesi. Its urban area consists of thre ... – does not differ significantly from the interior prestige variety (e.g. it uses the same negator ''bare'e'' as the interior variety), but has undergone some lexical infl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Sulawesi Languages
The South Sulawesi languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian language family. They are primarily spoken in the Indonesian provinces of South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi, with a small outlying pocket in West Kalimantan ( Tamanic). Subgrouping Internal classification This classification follows Grimes & Grimes (1987) and the ''Ethnologue''. PSS 'white' :PMP > PSS 'dead' :PMP > PSS 'torch' :PMP > PSS 'knife' Consonants The velar fricative *ɣ only appears in final position as a reflex of PMP *R, while *z only is found in medial position as a reflex of PMP *j. See also * Languages of Sulawesi * Celebic languages References Citations Bibliography * * * * * * * Further reading * External links South Sulawesiat ''Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seko Languages
The Seko languages are a group of four closely related Austronesian languages spoken in West Sulawesi and South Sulawesi provinces, Indonesia. They make up a primary branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup. The languages of the Seko branch are: Seko Padang, Seko Tengah, Panasuan and Budong-Budong.Laskowske, Thomas. (2006)The Seko languages of South Sulawesi: a reconstruction.Paper presented at the Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics (10-ICAL), 17–20 January 2006, Palawan, Philippines. The Badaic languages (namely Bada, Besoa, and Napu) are classified by Zobel (2020) with the Seko languages as part of a ''Seko–Badaic'' group within the South Sulawesi South Sulawesi () is a Provinces of Indonesia, province in the South Peninsula, Sulawesi, southern peninsula of Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Selayar Islands archipelago to the south of Sulawesi is also part of the province. The capital and largest ci ... branch. References Languages of Sulawesi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kulawi Language
Moma (also Kulawi) is an Austronesian language spoken in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Historically, it is derived from the Kaili dialect cluster A dialect is a variety of language spoken by a particular group of people. This may include dominant and standardized varieties as well as vernacular, unwritten, or non-standardized varieties, such as those used in developing countries or iso ..., but is divergent due to strong influence from Uma. (3 vols). Phonology The sound inventory of Moma below had been described by Adriani and Esser (1939). Like many other languages on Sulawesi, Moma has only open syllables. Grammar Moma has the following pronoun sets: References Further reading * * {{Authority control Kaili–Pamona languages Languages of Sulawesi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napu Language
Napu is an Austronesian language spoken in the North Lore district of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, .... Together with Bada and Behoa, it belongs to the Badaic subgroup. References Further reading * * * External links Napu– Sulawesi Language Alliance Kaili–Pamona languages Languages of Sulawesi {{celebic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behoa Language
Behoa (also Besoa) is an Austronesian language spoken in the North Lore district of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, .... Together with Napu and Bada, it belongs to the Badaic subgroup. Based on lexical similarity, Behoa occupies an immediate position within Badaic between Napu and Bada; nevertheless it is geographically, politically and culturally distinct. References Further reading * Kaili–Pamona languages Languages of Sulawesi {{celebic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bada Language
Bada (also Badaʼ) is an Austronesian language spoken in the South Lore district of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, .... Together with Napu and Behoa, it belongs to the Badaic subgroup.Martens, Michael P. (1989)"The Badaic languages of Central Sulawesi".In James N. Sneddon (ed.), ''Studies in Sulawesi languages, part 1'', 19–53. Jakarta: Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. Grammar Bada has the following pronoun sets: References Kaili–Pamona languages Languages of Sulawesi {{celebic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Badaic Languages
The Badaic languages include three closely related Austronesian languages spoken in the North Lore and South Lore districts in Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, viz. Bada (Bada’), Behoa (Besoa), and Napu, and also Limola, spoken in North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. Bada, Besoa and Napu are 80–91% lexically similar and to a great degree mutually intelligible, but their speakers are culturally distinct.Martens, Michael P. (1989)"The Badaic languages of Central Sulawesi".In James N. Sneddon (ed.), ''Studies in Sulawesi languages, part 1'', 19–53. Jakarta: Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. Classification The classification of the Badaic languages has been controversial. While traditionally held to be a branch of the Kaili-Pamona languages, they share many features with languages of the Seko branch of the South Sulawesi languages and have been reclassified in recent subgrouping proposals as South Sulawesi languages that were strongly influenced by Kaili-P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarudu Language
Sarudu is an Austronesian language of West Sulawesi, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, .... It is closely related to (and reportedly mutually intelligible with) Uma.Friberg, Timothy and Thomas V. Laskowske. (1989)South Sulawesi languages.In: J.N.Sneddon (ed.), ''Studies in Sulawesi linguistics part 1'', 1–17. (NUSA: Linguistic Studies of Indonesian and Other Languages in Indonesia, 31). Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri Nusa, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. References Kaili–Pamona languages Languages of Sulawesi {{Indonesia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uma Language
Uma (known natively as ') is an Austronesian language spoken in Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Phonology Consonants Notes: * acts as a nasal in some respects and causes the nasalization of non-front vowels (e.g., [] 'ten'→ with nasal vowels). * is realized as retroflex contiguous to non-front vowels. * is neutralized word-initially, and is the only consonant that can occur in the coda or word-finally. *In the Lincio variety of Central Uma, is pronounced . *The semivowel is rare, found mainly in loan words. *The affricate /tʃ/ is found only following /n/, i.e., in the prenasalized stop /ⁿtʃ/. Orthographic notes: * is 'w' * is 'ny' * is 'ng' * is 'y' * is 'j' * is 'c' * is an apostrophe or simply ' ʔ' Vowels Pronouns Notes: *ABS refers to pronominals in the absolutive case, while ERG refers to the ergative and GEN to the genitive. *1P means 'first person,' 2P means 'second person,' and 3P means 'third person.' *(SG) means 'singular' and (PL) mean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rampi Language
Rampi is a language of Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Classification Rampi is classified as a Kaili–Pamona language by ''Ethnologue'' 23. Zobel (2020) classifies Rampi as a separate branch coordinate to South Sulawesi South Sulawesi () is a Provinces of Indonesia, province in the South Peninsula, Sulawesi, southern peninsula of Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Selayar Islands archipelago to the south of Sulawesi is also part of the province. The capital and largest ci ... and Celebic. References Kaili–Pamona languages Languages of Sulawesi {{Indonesia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
