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Kachim Biri
Bir II Ibrahim (Biri Ibrāhīm bin Dunama) was '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the ... at some point between 1259 and 1290, in a period of succession conflict between the sons of Dunama II Dabbalemi. Bir was a son of Dunama II and his consort Zainab. Bir was preceded as ''mai'' by Jalil or Kashim Bir, and succeeded by Jalil or Dirke Kelem. Bir was remembered as "a conqueror", though it is unclear what lands he conquered. References Rulers of the Kanem Empire 13th-century monarchs in Africa {{Africa-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Mais Of Kanem–Bornu
The ''mai'' (sometimes translated as king or emperor) was the monarch of the Kanem–Bornu Empire from its foundation 700 until the ''mai''s were replaced as rulers by the List of shehus of Bornu, ''shehu''s in the mid-19th century. The line of ''mai''s is largely reconstructed through the ''girgam'', the empire's royal chronicle. The ''girgam'' was preserved through oral tradition before transcriptions by European scholars in the mid-19th century. The ''girgam'' is not entirely reliable since it was preserved orally and contains some contradictions between different versions. There is however a large degree of agreement across different versions of the ''girgam'' as to the names of rulers and the lengths of their reigns. Because the slightly different versions of the ''girgam'' and a lack of precise dates, names and lengths of reign assigned to the ''mai''s may differ in different sources. For the sake of comparison, this list includes dates from different authors for each ruler. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanem–Bornu Empire
The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the oldest and longest-lived List of kingdoms and empires in African history, empires in African history. The foundation and early history of the Kanem–Bornu Empire is poorly known. The state is typically dated to have been founded around the year 700, though it may have been established centuries earlier or later. The ruling Duguwa dynasty ruled from their capital Njimi in the Kanem (region), Kanem region and used the ruling title ''List of mais of Kanem–Bornu, mai''. By the 11th century, the Duguwa had been replaced by the Sayfawa dynasty and the empire had converted to Islam. Economic factors and conflict with the Bilala people caused the empire to lose Kanem in the 14th century. ''Mai'' Omar I of Kanem, Omar I re-centered the empire i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jalil Of Kanem
Jalil (Jalīl bin Dunama), also called Djilil and Jil, was '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the ... at some point between 1259 and 1290, in a period of succession conflict between the sons of Dunama II Dabbalemi. Jalil was a son of Dunama II and an unknown consort. Jalil was preceded as ''mai'' by Kashim Bir or Bir II Ibrahim, and succeeded by Bir II Ibrahim or Dirke Kelem. References Rulers of the Kanem Empire 13th-century monarchs in Africa {{Africa-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashim Bir
Kashim Bir (Kashim Biri bin Dunama), also called Bir and Othman, was '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the ... at some point between 1259 and 1290, in a period of succession conflict between the sons of Dunama II Dabbalemi. Kashim Bir was a son of Dunama II and his consort Zainab. Kashim Bir succeeded his brother Kade I as ''mai'', and was himself succeeded by either Jalil or Bir II Ibrahim. Bosworth (1996) considers Kashim Bir and Bir II Ibrahim to be the same figure whereas Cohen (1966) and Stewart (1989) separate the two. Kashim Bir's consort was named Kagudi. They had at least one son together, Ibrahim I Nikale, who would later claim the Kanem–Bornu throne. References Rulers of the Kanem Empire 13th-century monarchs in Af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dirke Kelem
Dirke Kelem (Dirke Kelem bin Dunama) was '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the ... at some point between 1259 and 1290, in a period of succession conflict between the sons of Dunama II Dabbalemi. Dirke Kelem was a son of Dunama II and an unknown consort. Dirke Kelem was preceded as ''mai'' by Jalil or Bir II Ibrahim, and succeeded by Ibrahim I Nikale. References Rulers of the Kanem Empire 13th-century monarchs in Africa {{Africa-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunama II Dabbalemi
Dunama II Dabbalemi (Dunama Dibalemi Muḥammad bin ʿAbd al-Jalīl) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1221–1259. Life Dunama Dabbalemi was the son of Abd al-Jalil II and Dibala. He succeeded his father as ''mai'' in 1221. A fervent Muslim, Dabbalemi initiated diplomatic exchanges with sultans in North Africa and apparently arranged for the establishment of a special hostel in Cairo to facilitate pilgrimages to Mecca. In particular the historian Ibn Khaldun, who remembers him as "King of Kanem and Lord of Bornu", reports a Kanem embassy in 1257 to Tunisia. During his reign, he declared ''jihad'' against the surrounding tribes and initiated an extended period of conquest, allegedly arriving to have under his command a cavalry 40,000 strong. After consolidating their territory around Lake Chad the Fezzan region (in present-day Libya) fell under Kanem's authority, and the empire's influence extended westward to Kano (in present-day Nigeria), eastward to Ouaddaï, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rulers Of The Kanem Empire
A ruler, sometimes called a rule, scale, line gauge, or metre/meter stick, is an instrument used to make length measurements, whereby a length is read from a series of markings called "rules" along an edge of the device. Usually, the instrument is rigid and the edge itself is a straightedge ("ruled straightedge"), which additionally allows one to draw straighter lines. Rulers are an important tool in geometry, geography and mathematics. They have been used since at least 2650 BC. Variants Rulers have long been made from different materials and in multiple sizes. Historically, they were mainly wood but plastics have also been used. They can be created with length markings instead of being scribed. Metal is also used for more durable rulers for use in the workshop; sometimes a metal edge is embedded into a wooden desk ruler to preserve the edge when used for straight-line cutting. Typically in length, though some can go up to 100 cm, it is useful for a ruler to be on a des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
