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Jungdeutsche Partei
''Jungdeutsche Partei in Polen'' (JDP), or the Young German Party in Poland ( pl, Partia Młodoniemiecka w Polsce), was a Nazi German extreme right-wing political party founded in 1931 by members of the ethnic German minority residing in the Second Polish Republic. The party was opposed not only to collaboration with Poland, but also, with other German organizations in Poland. Its leader was Rudolf Wiesner (pictured, fourth from the left), a committed Nazi. He was replaced by Max Wambeck from NSDAP on 22 November 1938. After the invasion of Poland Wambeck (fluent in Polish, known as Maksymilian Wambeck locally) served as '' SS-Obersturmführer'' in Chodzież in the ''Gnesen Gau'' (Polish Gniezno County) interrogating and torturing Armia Krajowa resistance members. Activities Sponsored financially by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nazi Germany, the ''Jungdeutsche Partei'' members trained in propaganda, sabotage and espionage activities against the Polish state, smuggled mili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volksdeutsche
In Nazi German terminology, ''Volksdeutsche'' () were "people whose language and culture had German origins but who did not hold German citizenship". The term is the nominalised plural of '' volksdeutsch'', with ''Volksdeutsche'' denoting a singular female, and ''Volksdeutsche(r)'', a singular male. The words ''Volk'' and '' völkisch'' conveyed the meanings of "folk". The Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans at the time) shed their identity as Auslandsdeutsche (Germans abroad) and morphed into the Volksdeutsche in a process of self-radicalisation. This process gave the Nazi regime the nucleus around which the new Volksgemeinschaft was established across the German borders. ''Volksdeutsche'' were further divided into "racial" groups—minorities within a state minority—based on special cultural, social, and historic criteria elaborated by the Nazis. Origin of the term According to the historian Doris Bergen, Adolf Hitler coined the definition of ''Volksdeutsche'' which appeared in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Minority In Poland
The registered German minority in Poland at the 2011 national census consisted of 148,000 people, of whom 64,000 declared both German and Polish ethnicities and 45,000 solely German ethnicity.Przynależność narodowo-etniczna ludności – wyniki spisu ludności i mieszkań 2011'. GUS. Materiał na konferencję prasową w dniu 29. 01. 2013. p. 3. At a 2002 census there were 152,900 people declaring German ethnicity. The German language German ( ) is a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and Official language, official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Ita ... is spoken in certain areas in Opole Voivodeship, where most of the minority resides, and in Silesian Voivodeship. German-speakers first came to these regions (present-day Opole and Silesian Voivodeships) during the Late Middle Ages. However, there are no localities in either Upper Silesia or Pola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onet
Onet.pl is one of the largest Polish web portals. It is owned by the Kraków-based Grupa Onet.pl S.A. It was founded in 1996 by Optimus company. According to Alexa rankings, as of October 2017, it was the 45th most popular website worldwide and the 3rd most popular site in Poland. As of December 2016, it is the 6th most visited website in Poland, 311th in the UK, and 375th worldwide. Ringier Axel Springer Media AG holds the majority of Onet since 2012. Services Among its services is a Polish online encyclopedia, the WIEM Encyklopedia. It also has a licence for Rebtel service (marketed in Poland as OnetRebtel) and Skype service (marketed in Poland as OnetSkype). Its other services include email, web hosting, Usenet access, web forums and online chats. Onet launched a clone of CNN iReport called Cynk. This citizen journalism Citizen journalism, also known as collaborative media, participatory journalism, democratic journalism, guerrilla journalism or street journalism, is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armband
An armband is a piece of material worn around the arm. They may be worn for pure ornamentation, or to mark the wearer as belonging to group, or as insignia having a certain rank, status, office or role, or being in a particular state or condition. Sprung armbands, known as sleeve garters, have been used by men to keep overlong sleeves from dropping over the hands and thereby interfering with their use. Armbands may also refer to inflatable armbands used to assist flotation for swimmers or for use with sphygmomanometers, in which case they are generally referred to as cuffs. Variation Bronze Age armbands have been found made from bronze (sometimes gilded) and jet. Some were constructed so that it would have been impossible to remove them. When used as part of a military uniform it is called a brassard. Uniforms serving other purposes such as to identify members of clubs, societies or teams may also have armbands for certain ranks or functions. An armband might identify a group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Salute
The Nazi salute, also known as the Hitler salute (german: link=no, Hitlergruß, , Hitler greeting, ; also called by the Nazi Party , 'German greeting', ), or the ''Sieg Heil'' salute, is a gesture that was used as a greeting in Nazi Germany. The salute is performed by extending the right arm from the shoulder into the air with a straightened hand. Usually, the person offering the salute would say "''Heil Hitler!''" (lit. 'Hail Hitler!', ), ''"Heil, mein Führer!"'' ('Hail, my leader!'), or ''"Sieg Heil!"'' ('Hail victory!'). It was adopted in the 1930s by the Nazi Party to signal obedience to the party's leader, Adolf Hitler, and to glorify the German nation (and later the German war effort). The salute was mandatory for civiliansKershaw (2001), p. 60 but mostly optional for military personnel, who retained a traditional military salute until the failed assassination attempt on Hitler on 20 July 1944. Use of this salute is illegal in modern-day Germany (Strafgesetzbuch se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Foreign Office
, logo = DEgov-AA-Logo en.svg , logo_width = 260 px , image = Auswaertiges Amt Berlin Eingang.jpg , picture_width = 300px , image_caption = Entrance to the Foreign Office building , headquarters = Werderscher Markt 110117 Berlin , formed = , jurisdiction = Government of Germany , employees = 11,652 Foreign Service staff5,622 local employees , budget = €6.302 billion (2021) , minister1_name = Annalena Baerbock , minister1_pfo = Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs , chief1_name = Anna Lührmann , chief1_position = Minister of State for Europe at the Foreign Office , chief2_name = Katja Keul , chief2_position = Minister of State at the Foreign Office , chief3_name = Tobias Lindner , chief3_position = Minister of State at the Foreign Office , website = The Federal Foreign Office (german: Auswärtiges Amt, ), abbreviated AA, is the foreign ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany, a federal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armia Krajowa
The Home Army ( pl, Armia Krajowa, abbreviated AK; ) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Armed Resistance) established in the aftermath of the German and Soviet invasions in September 1939. Over the next two years, the Home Army absorbed most of the other Polish partisans and underground forces. Its allegiance was to the Polish government-in-exile in London, and it constituted the armed wing of what came to be known as the Polish Underground State. Estimates of the Home Army's 1944 strength range between 200,000 and 600,000. The latter number made the Home Army not only Poland's largest underground resistance movement but, along with Soviet and Yugoslav partisans, one of Europe's largest World War II underground movements. The Home Army sabotaged German transports bound for the Eastern Front in the Soviet Union, destroying German supplies and ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gniezno County
__NOTOC__ Gniezno County ( pl, powiat gnieźnieński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Gniezno, which lies east of the regional capital Poznań. The county contains four other towns: Witkowo, south-east of Gniezno, Trzemeszno, east of Gniezno, Kłecko, north-west of Gniezno, and Czerniejewo, south-west of Gniezno. The county covers an area of . As of 2006 its total population is 140,333, out of which the population of Gniezno is 70,080, that of Witkowo is 7,855, that of Trzemeszno is 7,789, that of Kłecko is 2,677, that of Czerniejewo is 2,556, and the rural population is 49,376. Neighbouring counties Gniezno County is bordered by Żnin County to the north, Mogilno County to the east, Słupca County to the south-east, Września County to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gau (country Subdivision)
''Gau'' (German , nl, gouw , fy, gea or ''goa'' ) is a Germanic term for a region within a country, often a former or current province. It was used in the Middle Ages, when it can be seen as roughly corresponding to an English shire. The administrative use of the term was revived as a subdivision during the period of Nazi Germany in 1933–1945. It still appears today in regional names, such as the Rheingau or Allgäu. Middle Ages Etymology The Germanic word is reflected in Gothic ''gawi'' (neuter; genitive ''gaujis'') and early Old High German ''gewi, gowi'' (neuter) and in some compound names ''-gawi'' as in Gothic (e.g. ''Durgawi'' " Canton of Thurgau", ''Alpagawi'' "Allgäu"), later ''gâi, gôi'', and after loss of the stem suffix ''gaw, gao'', and with motion to the feminine as ''gawa'' besides ''gowo'' (from ''gowio''). Old Saxon shows further truncation to ''gâ, gô''. As an equivalent of Latin ''pagus'', a ''gau'' is analogous with a ''pays'' of the Kingdom of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnesen
Gniezno (; german: Gnesen; la, Gnesna) is a city in central-western Poland, about east of Poznań. Its population in 2021 was 66,769, making it the sixth-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. One of the Piast dynasty's chief cities, it was the first historical capital of Poland in the 10th century and early 11th century, and it was mentioned in 10th-century sources, possibly including the Dagome Iudex, as the capital of Piast Poland. Gniezno is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno, the country's oldest archdiocese, founded in 1000, and its archbishop is the primate of Poland, making the city the country's ecclesiastical capital. The city is the administrative seat of Gniezno County (''powiat''). Geography Gniezno is one of the historic centers of the Greater Poland region, the cradle of the Polish state. Alike Rome, Gniezno was founded on seven hills, including the , which is the location of the Gniezno Cathedral, and the Panieńskie Hill, which is t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chodzież
Chodzież (german: Kolmar in Posen) is a town in northwestern Poland with 17,976 inhabitants as of December 2021. Situated in the Chodzież County, Greater Poland Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Piła Voivodeship (1975–1998). Geography Chodzież is located in the northern part of Greater Poland (western Poland), in the Chodzieskie lakelands. The most important characteristics of this lakeland area are its typical postglacial landforms, forests of pines and mixed woodlands, and lakes. For this reason, the city's surroundings are known as "the Switzerland of Chodzież". Five kilometers west of Chodzież, at the edge of the Chodzieskie lakelands, Mt. Gontyniec rises 192 meters above sea level as the highest peak in a chain of moraine hills; at the same time it has the highest elevation in northern Poland. Deep valleys and ridges covered with a 100-year-old beech forest ensure diversified surroundings. Within the five square miles (13 km2) of city area, there are t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
