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John Aleman
John Aleman (died after 1264) was the Lord of Caesarea (as John II) in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, exercising this right through his wife, Margaret, from at least 1243 until his death. He was the son of Garnier l'Aleman and Pavie de Gibelet, and the older brother of Hugh Aleman. John was active politically and militarily, although less influential than the previous lords of Caesarea had been.John L. Lamonte, "The Lords of Caesarea in the Period of the Crusades", ''Speculum'' 22, 2 (1947): 158–59. His maternal grandmother was Stephanie of Milly. The first reference to John as lord of Caesarea comes in the ''Assizes of Jerusalem'' of John of Ibelin. Therein John writes that his cousin, the lord of Caesarea, refused the bailliage (regency) of the kingdom in 1243, and instead the '' Haute Cour'' gave it to Queen Alice of Cyprus. Since his father-in-law, Lord John of Caesarea, was dead, this is probably a reference to Aleman. In April 1249 he and his wife sold six '' casalia'' near ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lord Of Caesarea
The Crusader state of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, created in 1099, was divided into a number of smaller seigneuries. According to the 13th-century jurist John of Ibelin, the four highest crown vassals (referred to as barons) in the kingdom proper were the count of Jaffa and Ascalon, the prince of Galilee, the lord of Sidon, and the lord of Oultrejordain. There were also a number of independent seigneuries, and some land held under direct royal control, such as Jerusalem itself, Acre and Tyre. Northern states Aside from the Kingdom of Jerusalem, there were also three other major Crusader states in the Near East: *County of Edessa *County of Tripoli *Principality of Antioch These states nominally bore some dependency on the kingdom of Jerusalem. The king of Jerusalem was bound to reconcile them in case of disputes, or between a vassal prince and the Latin patriarch of Antioch, and could claim the regency in case of a vacancy or minority in their successions. Edessa was p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beit Jann
Beit Jann ( ar, بيت جن; he, בֵּיתּ גַ'ן) is a Druze village on Mount Meron in northern Israel. At 940 meters above sea level, Beit Jann is one of the highest inhabited locations in the country. In it had a population of . Etymology Guérin noted that the village was known as ''Beitegene'' or ''Bette-Gen'' during the Middle Ages. He suggested that the village's name during antiquity was he, בֵּית גַּנִּים, lit=, translit=Beth-Jannim, "House of Gardens", since it was surrounded by orchards and vineyards, as evidenced by the ancient terraces nearby. History Beit Jann is an ancient village site at the top of a hill. Old stones have been reused in village homes, and cisterns and tombs carved into rock have also been found. In the Crusader era it was known as ''Beitegen''. In 1249, John Aleman transferred land, including the casalia of Beit Jann, Sajur, Majd al-Krum and Nahf to the Teutonic Knights. According to local legend, Druze families in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugh L'Aleman (died 1264)
Hugh l'Aleman, who died 1264, was a knight of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and heir to the Lordship of Caesarea via his mother. Life He was the eldest son of John l'Aleman and his wife Margaret of Caesarea, daughter and heir to John of Caesarea John (died 1238–41) was the Lord of Caesarea from 1229 and an important figure in the kingdoms of Cyprus and Jerusalem. He was the only son of Walter III of Caesarea and Marguerite d'Ibelin, daughter of Balian of Ibelin. He was often called .... He died by breaking his neck in falling from his horse. Lignages d'Outre-Mer, Le Vaticanus Latinus 4789, CCCXL, S. 104. He died childless and so the Lordship of Caesarea was inherited by his younger brother Nicolas l'Aleman. References External links Hugues Alemanat fmg.ac 1264 deaths Christians of the Crusades ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancona
Ancona (, also , ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region in central Italy, with a population of around 101,997 . Ancona is the capital of the province of Ancona and of the region. The city is located northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic Sea, between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco. Ancona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region. History Greek colony Ancona was populated as a region by Picentes since the 6th century BC who also developed a small town there. Ancona took a more urban shape by Greek settlers from Syracuse in about 387 BC, who gave it its name: ''Ancona'' stems from the Greek word (''Ankṓn''), meaning "elbow"; the harbour to the east of the town was originally protected only by the promontory on the north, shaped like an elbow. Greek merchants established a Tyrian purple dye fact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Of Arsuf
John of Ibelin (c. 1211–1258), commonly called John of Arsuf, was the lord of Arsuf from 1236 and Constable of Jerusalem from 1251. He was a younger son of John I of Beirut. His elder brother, Balian, inherited Beirut. He served as regent of Jerusalem on two occasions: 1253–1254 for Conrad II and 1256–1258 for Conrad III. He was lieutenant for the regent on three occasions: 1247–1248 and 1249–1252 for Henry I of Cyprus and 1258 for Plaisance of Antioch. John strengthened the existing fortifications of Arsuf in 1241. In that year, he co-signed a letter with his cousin, Philip of Montfort, and Geoffrey of Estraing to the Emperor Frederick II, nominal regent of Jerusalem. The letter, which had the encouragement of Richard of Cornwall behind it, proposed that Frederick pardon all baronial rebels and create Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, bailiff. The barons would in turn swear oaths to Simon and recognize his authority until the young king, Conrad II, came of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry III Of England
Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272. The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême, Henry assumed the throne when he was only nine in the middle of the First Barons' War. Cardinal Guala Bicchieri declared the war against the rebel barons to be a religious crusade and Henry's forces, led by William Marshal, defeated the rebels at the battles of Lincoln and Sandwich in 1217. Henry promised to abide by the Great Charter of 1225, a later version of the 1215 '' Magna Carta'', which limited royal power and protected the rights of the major barons. His early rule was dominated first by Hubert de Burgh and then Peter des Roches, who re-established royal authority after the war. In 1230, the King attempted to reconquer the provinces of France that had once belonged to his father, but the invasion was a debacle. A revolt led by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis IX Of France
Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly known as Saint Louis or Louis the Saint, was King of France from 1226 to 1270, and the most illustrious of the Direct Capetians. He was crowned in Reims at the age of 12, following the death of his father Louis VIII. His mother, Blanche of Castile, ruled the kingdom as regent until he reached maturity, and then remained his valued adviser until her death. During Louis' childhood, Blanche dealt with the opposition of rebellious vassals and secured Capetian success in the Albigensian Crusade, which had started 20 years earlier. As an adult, Louis IX faced recurring conflicts with some of his realm's most powerful nobles, such as Hugh X of Lusignan and Peter of Dreux. Simultaneously, Henry III of England attempted to restore the Angevin continental possessions, but was promptly routed at the Battle of Taillebourg. Louis annexed several provinces, notably parts of Aquitaine, Maine and Provence. Louis IX enjoyed immens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adelon
Aadloun, Adloun or Adlun ( ar, عدلون) is a coastal town in South Lebanon, south of Sidon famous for its cultivation of watermelons. It is also the site of a Phoenician necropolis and prehistoric caves where four archaeological sites have been discovered and dated to the Stone Age. The evidence of human occupation of Abri Zumoffen (or Aadloun I) has been dated as far back as 71,000 BCE with occupation of Bezez Cave (Aadloun II) dating back even further into the earlier Middle Paleolithic. Pre-Historic sites Aadloun I Aadloun I or Abri Zumoffen is a low cave and terrace at the foot of a cliff near a beach. It was discovered and sounded by Godefroy Zumoffen in 1898, 1900 and 1908 who found material thought to be either Acheulean or Mousterian. Dorothy Garrod suggested similarities existed to a final Acheulean (or Yarbrudian) industry of Tabun E. Along with Diana Kirkbride, she re-opened excavations in 1958 with another season in 1963 and found a pre-Aurignacian (Garro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confraternity
A confraternity ( es, cofradía; pt, confraria) is generally a Christian voluntary association of laypeople created for the purpose of promoting special works of Christian charity or piety, and approved by the Church hierarchy. They are most common among Roman Catholics, Anglicans, Lutherans and the Western Orthodox. When a Catholic confraternity has received the authority to aggregate to itself groups erected in other localities, it is called an archconfraternity. Examples include the various confraternities of penitents and the confraternities of the cord, as well as the Confraternity of the Rosary. History Pious associations of laymen existed in very ancient times at Constantinople and Alexandria. In France, in the eighth and ninth centuries, the laws of the Carlovingians mention confraternities and guilds. But the first confraternity in the modern and proper sense of the word is said to have been founded at Paris by Bishop Odo (d.1208). It was under the invocation of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mazra'a
Mazra'a ( ar, المزرعة, he, מַזְרַעָה) is an Arab town and local council in northern Israel, situated between Acre and Nahariyya east of the Coastal Highway that runs along the Mediterranean coast. The local council was founded in 1896 and was incorporated into the Matte Asher Regional Council in 1982, before proclaiming itself an independent local council again in 1996. In it had a population of . Etymology The Arabic ''al-mazra'a'' (p. ''mazari), meaning "the sown land" or "farm", is a relatively common place name used to refer to cultivated lands outside of and dependent upon a primary settlement.Pringle, 1998, p 30 In Crusader times, the village was known as ''le Mezera'', according to Victor Guérin, while to Arabs in medieval times, it was known as ''al-Mazra'ah''.Guérin, 1880, p 163 History In 1253, during the Crusader era, John Aleman, the Lord of Caesarea, leased Mazra'a to the Hospitalliers. Mazra'a is mentioned in the 1283 treaty between the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bezant
In the Middle Ages, the term bezant (Old French ''besant'', from Latin ''bizantius aureus'') was used in Western Europe to describe several gold coins of the east, all derived ultimately from the Roman ''solidus''. The word itself comes from the Greek Byzantion, ancient name of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. The original "bezants" were the gold coins produced by the government of the Byzantine Empire, first the '' nomisma'' and from the 11th century the ''hyperpyron''. Later, the term was used to cover the gold dinars produced by Islamic governments. In turn, the gold coins minted in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and County of Tripoli were termed "Saracen bezants", since they were modelled on the gold dinar. A completely different electrum coin based on Byzantine ''trachea'' was minted in the Kingdom of Cyprus and called the "white bezant". The term "bezant" in reference to coins is common in sources from the 10th through 13th centuries. Thereafter, it is mainl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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