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Jean Nadeaud
Jean Nadeaud (1834 – 20 November 1898) was a French naval surgeon, physician and botanist. From February 1856 to August 1859, he lived in Tahiti, where he studied and collected plants native to the island. In 1864, he received his doctorate from the faculty of medicine at Montpellier with a thesis on medicinal plants used in Tahiti, "''Plantes usuelles des tahitiens''".Nadeaud, Jean (1834-1898) JSTOR Global Plants In 1873, he published an enumeration of the plants of Tahiti that included dozens of taxa new to science "''Enumération des plantes indigènes de l'île de Tahiti recueillies et classées''" His |
Naval Surgeon
A naval surgeon, or less commonly ship's doctor, is the person responsible for the health of the ship's company aboard a warship. The term appears often in reference to Royal Navy's medical personnel during the Age of Sail. Ancient uses Specialised crew members capable of providing medical care have been a feature of military vessels for at least two thousand years. The second-century Roman Navy under Emperor Hadrian included a surgeon aboard each of its triremes, with the position earning twice a regular officer's pay. Royal Navy During the Age of Sail, the Royal Navy carried trained medical officers aboard its warships, who usually learned their trade before coming on board ship. They were generally called surgeons. The Navy Board qualified surgeons through an examination at the Barber-Surgeons' Company and they were responsible to the Sick and Wounded Board under the Navy Board. Surgeons were required to keep two logbooks detailing treatments and procedures carried out under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botanist
Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word (''botanē'') meaning "pasture", " herbs" "grass", or " fodder"; is in turn derived from (), "to feed" or "to graze". Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. Nowadays, botanists (in the strict sense) study approximately 410,000 species of land plants of which some 391,000 species are vascular plants (including approximately 369,000 species of flowering plants), and approximately 20,000 are bryophytes. Botany originated in prehistory as herbalism with the efforts of early humans to identify – and later cultivate – edible, med ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tahiti
Tahiti (; Tahitian ; ; previously also known as Otaheite) is the largest island of the Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It is located in the central part of the Pacific Ocean and the nearest major landmass is Australia. Divided into two parts, ''Tahiti Nui'' (bigger, northwestern part) and ''Tahiti Iti'' (smaller, southeastern part), the island was formed from volcanic activity; it is high and mountainous with surrounding coral reefs. Its population was 189,517 in 2017, making it by far the most populous island in French Polynesia and accounting for 68.7% of its total population. Tahiti is the economic, cultural and political centre of French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity and an overseas country of the French Republic. The capital of French Polynesia, Papeete, is located on the northwest coast of Tahiti. The only international airport in the region, Faaā International Airport, is on Tahiti near Papeete. Tahiti was originally settled by Pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Montpellier
The University of Montpellier (french: Université de Montpellier) is a public university, public research university located in Montpellier, in south-east of France. Established in 1220, the University of Montpellier is one of the oldest universities in the world. The university was split into three universities (the University of Montpellier 1, the Montpellier 2 University, University of Montpellier 2 and the Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III, Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3) for 45 years from 1970 until 2015 when it was subsequently reunified by the merger of the two former, with the latter, now named Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III remaining a separate entity. History The university is considerably older than its formal founding date, associated with a papal bull issued by Pope Nicholas IV in 1289, combining all the centuries-old schools into a university, but the first statutes were given by Conrad of Urach in 1220. It is not known exactly when t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medicinal Plants
Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesize hundreds of chemical compounds for various functions, including defense and protection against insects, fungi, diseases, and herbivorous mammals. The earliest historical records of herbs are found from the Sumerian civilization, where hundreds of medicinal plants including opium are listed on clay tablets, c. 3000 BC. The Ebers Papyrus from ancient Egypt, c. 1550 BC, describes over 850 plant medicines. The Greek physician Dioscorides, who worked in the Roman army, documented over 1000 recipes for medicines using over 600 medicinal plants in ''De materia medica'', c. 60 AD; this formed the basis of pharmacopoeias for some 1500 years. Drug research sometimes makes use of ethnobotany to search for pharmacologically active substances, and this approach has yielded hundreds of useful compounds. These include the common drugs asp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbarium
A herbarium (plural: herbaria) is a collection of preserved plant specimens and associated data used for scientific study. The specimens may be whole plants or plant parts; these will usually be in dried form mounted on a sheet of paper (called ''exsiccatum'', plur. ''exsiccata'') but, depending upon the material, may also be stored in boxes or kept in alcohol or other preservative. The specimens in a herbarium are often used as reference material in describing plant taxa; some specimens may be types. The same term is often used in mycology to describe an equivalent collection of preserved fungi, otherwise known as a fungarium. A xylarium is a herbarium specialising in specimens of wood. The term hortorium (as in the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium) has occasionally been applied to a herbarium specialising in preserving material of horticultural origin. History The making of herbaria is an ancient phenomenon, at least six centuries old, although the techniques have changed l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emmanuel Drake Del Castillo
Emmanuel Drake del Castillo (28 December 1855 – 14 May 1904) was a French botanist. He was born at Paris and studied with Louis Édouard Bureau (1830–1918) at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (National Museum of Natural History). Between 1886 and 1892, he published ''Illustrationes Florae Insulae Maris Pacifici'' ("Illustrations of the flora of the islands of the Pacific Ocean") a summarization of his work on the flora of French Polynesia. He also studied the flora of Madagascar. In addition, he put together a herbarium which contained more than 500,000 samples. He died in 1904 at Saint-Cyran-du-Jambot, bequeathing his herbarium to the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Taxa He was the taxonomic authority of numerous plants. The following is a list of botanical genera that he described: * ''Alluaudia'', family Didiereaceae * '' Apaloxylon'', family Leguminosae * '' Bathiaea'', family Leguminosae * ''Cullumiopsis'', family Asteraceae (now classed a sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Émile Bescherelle
Émile Bescherelle (3 January 1828, Paris – 26 February 1903) was a French botanist and bryologist. Bescherelle is known for his analysis of bryological species from diverse locations that included the French West Indies, the Mascarene Islands, Paraguay, New Caledonia, et al. In 1882 with phycologist Paul Auguste Hariot (1854–1917), he took part in a scientific expedition to Cape Horn. The genus ''Bescherellia'' is named in his honour by Jean Étienne Duby (1798-1885). Written works * ''Prodromus bryologiae mexicanae : ou, énumeration des mousses du Mexique, avec description des espéces nouvelles'', 1872 - Enumeration of mosses of Mexico with description of new species. * ''Florule bryologique de la Nouvelle-Calédonie'', 1873 - Bryological flora of New Caledonia. * ''Florule bryologique des Antilles françaises'', 1876 - Bryological flora of the French Antilles. * ''Florule bryologique des Antilles françaises ou énumération et description des mousses nouvelles recue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calomniaceae
''Calomnion'' is a genus of mosses in the family Rhizogoniaceae. They have been reported from Australia, New Zealand, Polynesia, Melanesia, New Guinea, and eastern Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine .... Classification The genus was originally placed within its own family, the Calomniaceae, with the genus ''Nadeaudia''. ''Nadeudia'' contained one species, ''Nadeaudia schistostegiella'', which is now considered a synonym for '' Calomnion schistostegiellum''. Species included in the genus are: *'' Calomnion brownseyi'' Vitt & H.A. Mill. *'' Calomnion ceramense'' Vitt *'' Calomnion complanatum'' (Hook. f. & Wilson) Lindb. (type species) *'' Calomnion denticulatum'' Mitt. *'' Calomnion iwatsukii'' Vitt *'' Calomnion lillianiae'' Vitt & H.A. Mill. *'' Calomnion m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1834 Births
Events January–March * January – The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad is chartered in Wilmington, North Carolina. * January 1 – Zollverein (Germany): Customs charges are abolished at borders within its member states. * January 3 – The government of Mexico imprisons Stephen F. Austin in Mexico City. * February 13 – Robert Owen organizes the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union in the United Kingdom. * March 6 – York, Upper Canada, is incorporated as Toronto. * March 11 – The United States Survey of the Coast is transferred to the Department of the Navy. * March 14 – John Herschel discovers the open cluster of stars now known as NGC 3603, observing from the Cape of Good Hope. * March 28 – Andrew Jackson is censured by the United States Congress (expunged in 1837). April–June * April 10 – The LaLaurie mansion in New Orleans burns, and Madame Marie Delphine LaLaurie flees to France. * April 14 – The Whig Party is officially named by Unit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1898 Deaths
Events January–March * January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx and Staten Island. * January 13 – Novelist Émile Zola's open letter to the President of the French Republic on the Dreyfus affair, ''J'Accuse…!'', is published on the front page of the Paris daily newspaper ''L'Aurore'', accusing the government of wrongfully imprisoning Alfred Dreyfus and of antisemitism. * February 12 – The automobile belonging to Henry Lindfield of Brighton rolls out of control down a hill in Purley, London, England, and hits a tree; thus he becomes the world's first fatality from an automobile accident on a public highway. * February 15 – Spanish–American War: The USS Maine (ACR-1), USS ''Maine'' explodes and sinks in Havana Harbor, Cuba, for reasons never fully establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
