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Jupiter Temple
Jupiter Temple is a -elevation summit located in the Grand Canyon, in Coconino County of northern Arizona, United States. It is situated southeast of Cape Final on the canyon's North Rim, north-northwest of Apollo Temple, and northeast of Freya Castle, which is the nearest higher peak. Topographic relief is significant as it rises above the Colorado River in less than . Jupiter Temple is named for Jupiter, supreme deity in Roman mythology, in keeping with Clarence Dutton's tradition of naming geographical features in the Grand Canyon after mythological deities. This feature's name was officially adopted in 1906 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Jupiter Temple is located in a cold semi-arid climate zone. Geology The summit of Jupiter Temple is a cupola of remnant Permian Coconino Sandstone overlaying strata of the Pennsylvanian-Permian Supai Group. This in turn overlays the cliff-forming layer of Mississippian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freya Castle
Freya Castle is a summit located in the Grand Canyon, in Coconino County of northern Arizona, US. It is situated one mile southeast of the Cape Royal overlook on the canyon's North Rim, 1.5 mile north of Vishnu Temple, and 1.7 mile northeast of Wotans Throne. Topographic relief is significant as it rises above the Unkar Valley in one mile. Freya Castle is named for Freya, the Norse goddess of love, beauty, fertility, sex, war, gold, and seiðr. This name was applied by geologist François E. Matthes, in keeping with Clarence Dutton's practice of naming geographical features in the Grand Canyon after mythological deities. This geographical feature's name was officially adopted in 1906 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. The first ascent of the summit was made by Harvey Butchart and Allyn Cureton on June 24, 1962. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Freya Castle is located in a Cold semi-arid climate zone. Geology The summit of Freya Cast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clarence Dutton
Clarence Edward Dutton (May 15, 1841 – January 4, 1912) was an American geologist and US Army officer. Dutton was born in Wallingford, Connecticut on May 15, 1841. He graduated from Yale College in 1860 and took postgraduate courses there until 1862, when he enlisted in the 21st Connecticut Volunteer Infantry; he fought at Fredericksburg, Suffolk, Nashville and Petersburg. He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1871. In 1875, he began work as a geologist for John Wesley Powell and, after 1879, for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Working chiefly in the Colorado Plateau region, he wrote several classic papers, including geological studies of the high plateaus of Utah (1879–80), the Cenozoic history of the Grand Canyon district (1882), and the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake of 1886. As head of the division of volcanic geology at the USGS, he studied volcanism in Hawaii, California, and Oregon. He helped coordinate the scientific resp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chuar Group
The Neoproterozoic Chuar Group consists of of exceptionally well-preserved, unmetamorphosed sedimentary strata that is composed of about 85% mudrock. The Group is the approximate upper half of the Grand Canyon Supergroup, overlain by the thin, in comparison, Sixtymile Formation, the top member of the multi-membered Grand Canyon Supergroup. The outcrop of the Chuar Group strata is limited to exposures along the western bank of the Colorado River in a area of the eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona. The strata of the Chuar Group have been subdivided into the Galeros Formation (lower) and the Kwagunt Formation (upper) using the base of the prominent, thick sandstone unit.Ford, TD, and CM Dehler (2003) "Grand Canyon Supergroup: Nankoweap Formation, Chuar Group, and Sixtymile Formation." in: Beus, S.S., Morales, M., eds., pp. 49–72, ''Grand Canyon Geology''. Oxford University Press, New York.Dehler, CM, SM Porter, and JM Timmons (2012) "The Neoproterozoic Earth system revealed from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neoproterozoic
The Neoproterozoic Era is the last of the three geologic eras of the Proterozoic geologic eon, eon, spanning from 1 billion to 538.8 million years ago, and is the last era of the Precambrian "supereon". It is preceded by the Mesoproterozoic era and succeeded by the Paleozoic era of the Phanerozoic eon, and is further subdivided into three geologic period, periods, the Tonian, Cryogenian and Ediacaran. One of the most severe glaciation events known in the geologic record occurred during the Cryogenian period of the Neoproterozoic, when global ice sheets may have reached the equator and created a "Snowball Earth" lasting about 100 million years. The earliest fossils of complex life are found in the Tonian period in the form of ''Otavia'', a primitive sponge, and the earliest fossil evidence of metazoan evolutionary radiation, radiation are found in the Ediacaran period, which included the namesaked Ediacaran biota as well as the oldest definitive cnidarians and bilaterians in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tonto Group
The Tonto Group is a name for an assemblage of related sedimentary strata, collectively known by geologists as a '' Group'', that comprises the basal sequence Paleozoic strata exposed in the sides of the Grand Canyon. As currently defined, the Tonto groups consists of the Sixtymile Formation, Tapeats Sandstone, Bright Angel Shale (or Formation), Muav Limestone (or Formation), and Frenchman Mountain Dolostone. Historically, it included only the Tapeats Sandstone, Bright Angel Shale, and Muav Limestone.Karlstrom, K.E., Mohr, M.T., Schmitz, M.D., Sundberg, F.A., Rowland, S.M., Blakey, R., Foster, J.R., Crossey, L.J., Dehler, C.M. and Hagadorn, J.W., 2020. ''Redefining the Tonto Group of Grand Canyon and recalibrating the Cambrian time scale''. ''Geology'', 48(5), pp. 425–430.Connors, T.B., Tweet, J.S., and Santucci, V.L., 2020. ''Stratigraphy of Grand Canyon National Park''. In: Santucci, V.L., Tweet, J.S., ed., pp. 54–74, ''Grand Canyon National Park: Centennial Paleontolog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambrian
The Cambrian ( ) is the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and the Phanerozoic Eon. The Cambrian lasted 51.95 million years from the end of the preceding Ediacaran period 538.8 Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Ordovician Period 486.85 Ma. Most of the continents lay in the southern hemisphere surrounded by the vast Panthalassa Ocean. The assembly of Gondwana during the Ediacaran and early Cambrian led to the development of new convergent plate boundaries and continental-margin arc magmatism along its margins that helped drive up global temperatures. Laurentia lay across the equator, separated from Gondwana by the opening Iapetus Ocean. The Cambrian marked a profound change in life on Earth; prior to the Period, the majority of living organisms were small, unicellular and poorly preserved. Complex, multicellular organisms gradually became more common during the Ediacaran, but it was not until the Cambrian that fossil diversity seems to rapidly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Redwall Limestone
The Redwall Limestone is an erosion-resistant, Mississippian age, cliff-former, cliff-forming geological formation that forms prominent, red-stained cliffs in the Grand Canyon. these cliffs range in height from to . It is one of the most fossiliferous formations exposed in the Grand Canyon region. Nomenclature In 1875, GilbertGilbert, G.K., 1875. ''Report upon the geology of portions of Nevada, Utah, California, and Arizona, Chapter 6.'' In Wheeler, G.M., ed., pp. 17-187, ''Report on the Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian'', vol. 3. U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey, Publication of the Wheeler Survey, Washington, D.C., 681 pp. recognized and named the Redwall Limestone for the red coloration of its escarpment on either side of Grand Canyon. As originally defined by him, it included some strata younger and older than as it is currently defined. Later in 1910, DartonDarton, N. H., 1910. ''A reconnaissance of parts of nort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mississippian (geology)
The Mississippian ( ), also known as Lower Carboniferous or Early Carboniferous, is a subperiod in the geologic timescale or a subsystem of the geologic record. It is the earlier of two subperiods of the Carboniferous period lasting from roughly 358.9 to 323.2 million years ago. As with most other geochronologic units, the rock beds that define the Mississippian are well identified, but the exact start and end dates are uncertain by a few million years. The Mississippian is so named because rocks with this age are exposed in the Mississippi Valley. The Mississippian was a period of marine transgression in the Northern Hemisphere: the sea level was so high that only the Fennoscandian Shield and the Laurentian Shield were dry land. The cratons were surrounded by extensive delta systems and lagoons, and carbonate sedimentation on the surrounding continental platforms, covered by shallow seas. In North America, where the interval consists primarily of marine limestones, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supai Group
The Supai Group is a slope-forming sequence of mixed red beds and limestones that outcrop in the Colorado Plateau. The group was laid down during the Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian. Cliff-forming interbeds of sandstone are noticeable throughout the group. The Supai Group is quite well exposed throughout the Grand Canyon in northwest Arizona, as well as local regions of southwest Utah, such as the Virgin River valley region. Known as the ''Supai Formation'', it occurs in Arizona at Chino Point, Sycamore Canyon, and famously at Sedona as parts of Oak Creek Canyon. In the Sedona region, it is overlain by the Hermit Formation, and the colorful Schnebly Hill Formation.Jenney, J.P., and Reynolds, S. J., ''Pennsylvanian and Permian geology of Arizona''. ''Tucson, Arizona Geological Society Digest'', 17, pp. 313~347.Blakey, R.C., 2003. ''Supai Group and Hermit Formation'' in: Beus, S.S., Morales, M., eds., pp. 136–162, ''Grand Canyon Geology'', 2nd. Oxford University Press, New Y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pennsylvanian (geology)
The Pennsylvanian ( , also known as Upper Carboniferous or Late Carboniferous) is, on the International Commission on Stratigraphy, ICS geologic timescale, the younger of two period (geology), subperiods of the Carboniferous Period (or the upper of two system (stratigraphy), subsystems of the Carboniferous System). It lasted from roughly . As with most other geochronology, geochronologic units, the stratum, rock beds that define the Pennsylvanian are well identified, but the exact date of the start and end are uncertain by a few hundred thousand years. The Pennsylvanian is named after the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, where the coal Bed (geology), beds of this age are widespread. The division between Pennsylvanian and Mississippian (geology), Mississippian comes from North American stratigraphy. In North America, where the early Carboniferous beds are primarily marine limestones, the Pennsylvanian was in the past treated as a full-fledged geologic period between the Mississippian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coconino Sandstone
The Coconino Sandstone is a geologic formation (geology), formation composed of light-colored quartz arenite of Aeolian processes, eolian origin. It erodes to form conspicuous, sheer cliffs in the upper walls of Grand Canyon, as part of the Mogollon Rim to the south and east, and in many other parts of the Colorado Plateau region. The Coconino Sandstone is well known for its fossil trackways of Terrestrial animal, terrestrial invertebrates and vertebrates and Cross-bedding, large-scale cross-stratification.Middleton, L.T., D.K. Elliott, and M. Morales (2002) ''Coconino Sandstone,'' in S.S. Beus and M. Morales, eds., ''Grand Canyon Geology.'' Oxford University Press, New York. Eastward of a north–south line from Monument Creek to Fossil Creek, the Coconino Sandstone overlies and interfingers with and grades into the Schnebly Hill Formation, which is equivalent in part to the De Chelly Sandstone in Utah. In this area, it underlies the Kaibab Limestone. Further eastward, the Coc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permian
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years, from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya. It is the sixth and last period of the Paleozoic Era; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the Perm Governorate, region of Perm in Russia. The Permian witnessed the diversification of the two groups of amniotes, the synapsids and the Sauropsida, sauropsids (reptiles). The world at the time was dominated by the supercontinent Pangaea, which had formed due to the collision of Euramerica and Gondwana during the Carboniferous. Pangaea was surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa. The Carboniferous rainforest collapse left behind vast regions of desert within the continental interior. Amniotes, which could better cope with these ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
