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Jules Lefèvre
Jules Lefèvre (1863 – May 1944) was a French biochemist and writer. He was for his work in bioenergetics, thermoregulation, and nutrition. His research in bioenergetics, particularly his 1911 publication ''Chaleur animale et bioénergétique ''("Animal Heat and Bioenergetics"), contributed to early understandings of metabolic heat production, body heat exchange, and the physiological mechanisms involved in thermoregulation. He also authored the ''Traité de Bioénergétique'' ("Treatise on Bioenergetics") in 1911, one of the first comprehensive works on the emerging field of bioenergetics. Lefèvre's work extended beyond bioenergetics to include topics related to vegetarianism. In 1904, he published ''Examen scientifique du végétarisme ''("A Scientific Investigation into Vegetarianism"), which explored vegetarianism from a scientific, nutritional, and physiological perspective and introduced the term ''végétalisme'' to describe a vegan diet. Throughout his career, Lefèvr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioenergetics
Bioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems. This is an active area of biological research that includes the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms and the study of thousands of different cellular processes such as cellular respiration and the many other metabolic and enzymatic processes that lead to production and utilization of energy in forms such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules. Nelson, David L., Cox, Michael M. ''Lehninger: Principles of Biochemistry.'' New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 2013. Sixth ed., pg. 27. That is, the goal of bioenergetics is to describe how living organisms acquire and transform energy in order to perform biological work. Nelson, David L., Cox, Michael M. ''Lehninger: Principles of Biochemistry.'' New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 2013. Sixth ed., pg. 24. The study of metabolic pathways is thus essential to bioenergetics. Overview Bioenergetics is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Thermoregulation
As in other mammals, human thermoregulation is an important aspect of human homeostasis, homeostasis. In thermoregulation, body heat is generated mostly in the deep organs, especially the liver, brain, and heart, and in contraction of skeletal muscles. Humans have been able to adapt to a great diversity of climates, including hot humid and hot arid. High temperatures pose serious stress for the human body, placing it in great danger of injury or even death. For humans, adaptation to varying climatic conditions includes both physiological mechanisms resulting from evolution and behavioural mechanisms resulting from conscious cultural adaptations.Harrison, G.A., Tanner, J.M., Pilbeam, D.R., & Baker, P.T. (1988) ''Human Biology: An introduction to human evolution, variation, growth, and adaptability''. (3rd ed). Oxford: Oxford University PressWeiss, M.L., & Mann, A.E. (1985) ''Human Biology and Behaviour: An anthropological perspective''. (4th ed). Boston: Little Brown There are four a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masson (publisher)
Masson was a French publisher which specialized principally in medical and scientific books and journals. It also published textbooks for secondary and tertiary education.Historique de l’éditeur: Elsevier-Masson rev-mal-respir.com. Retrieved 16 January 2022. Company history In 1802, Nicolas Crochard set up as a printer and bookseller in in association with Pierre-Antoine-Louis Allut. In 1804, Crochard continued the business on his own and from 1807, he specialised in scientific and medical publishing. In 1826, he passed the business to his son Eugène Crochard, who from 1835. would run the business with Victor Masson (1807–1879). In 1846, Masson became the sole proprie ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
B28086983
B, or b, is the second letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''bee'' (pronounced ), plural ''bees''. It represents the voiced bilabial stop in many languages, including English. In some other languages, it is used to represent other bilabial consonants. History The Roman derived from the Greek capital beta via its Etruscan and Cumaean variants. The Greek letter was an adaptation of the Phoenician letter bēt . The Egyptian hieroglyph for the consonant /b/ had been an image of a foot and calf , but bēt (Phoenician for "house") was a modified form of a Proto-Sinaitic glyph adapted from the separate hieroglyph Pr meaning "house". The Hebrew letter bet is a separate development of the Phoenician letter. By Byzantine times, the Greek letter came to be pronounced /v/, so that it is known in modern Greek as ''víta'' (still written ). The C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Lang (publisher)
Peter Lang is an academic publisher specializing in the humanities and social sciences. It has its headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland, with offices in Berlin, Brussels, Chennai, New York, and Oxford. Peter Lang publishes over 1,100 academic titles annually, both in print and digital formats, with a backlist of over 40,000 books. It has its complete online journals collection available on Ingentaconnect, and distributes its digital textbooks globally through Kortext. Areas of publication The company specializes in the following twelve subject areas: History The company was founded in Frankfurt am Main in 1970 by Swiss editor Peter Lang. Since 1982 it has an American subsidiary, Peter Lang Publishing USA, specializing in textbooks for classroom use in education, media and communication, and Black studies, as well as monographs in the humanities and social sciences. Academic journals Peter Lang publishers 22 academic journals. Former journals published by Peter Lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veganism
Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products and the consumption of animal source foods, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals. A person who practices veganism is known as a vegan. The foundations of veganism include ethical, moral, environmental, health and humanitarian arguments. Strict veganism excludes all forms of #Animal use, animal use, whether in agriculture for labour or food (e.g., meat, fish and other animal seafood, eggs, dairy products such as milk or cheese, and honey), in clothing and industry (e.g., leather, wool, fur, and some cosmetics), in entertainment (e.g., zoos, exotic pets, and circuses), or in services (e.g., guide dogs, police dogs, hunting dogs, working animals, and animal testing, including medical experimentation and the use of pharmaceuticals derived from or tested on animals). A person who practices veganism may do so for personal health benefits or to reduce animal deaths, minimize ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fruitarianism
Fruitarianism () is a diet that consists primarily of consuming fruits and possibly nuts and seeds, but without any animal products. Fruitarian diets are subject to criticism and health concerns. Fruitarianism may be adopted for different reasons, including ethical, religious, environmental, cultural, economic, and presumed health benefits. A fruitarian diet may increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies, such as reduced intake of vitamin B12, calcium, iron, zinc, omega-3 or protein. Varieties Some fruitarians will eat only what falls naturally from a plant; that is, plant foods that can be harvested without killing or harming the plant. These foods consist primarily of culinary fruits, nuts, and seeds. Some do not eat grains, believing it is unnatural to do so, and some fruitarians feel that it is improper for humans to eat seeds as they contain future plants, or nuts and seeds, or any food besides juicy fruit. Others believe they should eat only plants that spread seeds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Antoine Gleizes
Jean-Antoine Gleizes (26 December 1773 – 17 June 1843) was a French philosopher, writer, and early advocate of vegetarianism. He was extremely popular and influential at his time. His best known work is ''Thalysie: the New Existence''. Biography Born in Dourgne, in the Tarn department of France, Gleizes initially pursued the study of medicine but abandoned it due to his profound aversion to vivisection and animal experimentation. Gleizes became deeply influenced by the revolutionary ideals of the late 18th century, though he retreated from public life during the French Revolution, disillusioned by its violence. Instead, he devoted himself to philosophical and literary pursuits, focusing on humanity's relationship with nature and the moral implications of meat consumption. He argued that the killing of animals was a main source of crime. In 1798, Gleizes made a personal decision to reject meat entirely, adopting a diet based solely on milk, fruits, and vegetables, which he s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internet Archive
The Internet Archive is an American 501(c)(3) organization, non-profit organization founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle that runs a digital library website, archive.org. It provides free access to collections of digitized media including websites, Application software, software applications, music, audiovisual, and print materials. The Archive also advocates a Information wants to be free, free and open Internet. Its mission is committing to provide "universal access to all knowledge". The Internet Archive allows the public to upload and download digital material to its data cluster, but the bulk of its data is collected automatically by its web crawlers, which work to preserve as much of the public web as possible. Its web archiving, web archive, the Wayback Machine, contains hundreds of billions of web captures. The Archive also oversees numerous Internet Archive#Book collections, book digitization projects, collectively one of the world's largest book digitization efforts. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Grand
Jules Grand (1846–1933) was a French physician, writer, Theosophist, and vegetarianism activist. He served as president of the French Vegetarian Society. Career Grand completed his doctoral thesis in medicine on cataract removal in 1873. Grand was a physician at the École de Médecine de Paris (Paris School of Medicine). He was an associate editor of the 1893 and 1894 ''Annual of the Universal Medical Sciences and Analytical Index''. Grand was the president of the French Vegetarian Society from its formation in 1899. He was elected to the management committee in 1905 with biologist Jules Lefèvre and other physicians. By 1906 there were 800 members of the Society. In 1901, the Society published his book ''La Philosophie de I' alimentation'' ("The Philosophy of Food"). Grand also authored the introduction to Louise Smeeckaert's ''La table du végétarien'', published by the Society. Grand made anatomical, physiological and ethical arguments for vegetarianism. In June 1900, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Vegetarian Society
The French Vegetarian Society () was a vegetarian organization, formed in 1882 by Gustave Goyard. The aim of the Society was to "propagate vegetarianism and assert the benefits of any order it presents." History In 1880, Abel Hureau de Villeneuve founded the (Vegetarian Society of Paris), in Paris. The Society had its own journal, . The original Society merged into the (Vegetarian Society of France) in 1882, which was organized by Gustave Goyard.Fenton, Alexander. (2000). ''Order and Disorder: The Health Implications of Eating and Drinking in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries''. Tuckwell Press. pp. 209-226. In 1883, a criticism of the Vegetarian Society of France was that some of its medical members were omnivores, not vegetarians and were prescribing meat to their patients. The Society dissolved in 1884 and became the Société pour la Reforme Alimentaire which advocated an omnivorous diet. In 1885, meetings in Paris were undertaken to form a new vegetarian society. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
