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José María Flores (soldier)
General José María Flores (1818–1866) was a captain in the Mexican Army and was a member of ''la otra banda''. He was appointed Governor and ''Comandante General'' ''pro tem'' of Alta California from November 1846 to January 1847, and defended California against the Americans during the Mexican–American War. Mexican–American War Captain José María Flores arrived in California in 1842. He was a secretary for Governor Manuel Micheltorena. He was a captain in Comandante General José Castro's military army. In August, 1846, Castro sent Flores to deliver a message to Stockton stating that Castro was willing to accede to the wishes of the United States. Stockton did not recognize Castro's authority and rejected it. Castro, seeing no alternative, fled California. Governor Pío Pico followed shortly thereafter. Flores and other military officers were left behind in Los Angeles. Stockton placed Lieutenant Archibald H. Gillespie in charge of Los Angeles. Gillespie exerted tyr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretary Of State Of California
The secretary of state of California is the chief clerk of the U.S. state of California, overseeing a department of 500 people. The secretary of state is elected for four year terms, like the state's other constitutional officers; the officeholder is restricted by term limits to two terms. The current secretary of state is Shirley Weber, who assumed the role in 2021 after Alex Padilla's appointment to the US Senate. Duties Elections The secretary of state is California's chief elections officer, overseeing all federal and state elections in the state and maintaining a database of registered voters. The officeholder is also responsible for disclosure of campaign and lobbyist financial information, under the California Political Reform Act of 1974. Corporations The Office of the Secretary of State has a number of responsibilities related to corporations; the largest portion office is the Business Programs Division, which handles corporate filings. The Business Entities Sectio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Californio
Californios (singular Californio) are Californians of Spaniards, Spanish descent, especially those descended from settlers of the 17th through 19th centuries before California was annexed by the United States. California's Spanish language in California, Spanish-speaking community has resided there since 1683. Alongside the Tejanos of Texas and Hispanos of New Mexico, Nuevomexicanos of New Mexico and Colorado, Californios are part of the larger group of descendants of Spaniards in the United States, which has inhabited the American Southwest and the U.S. West Coast, West Coast since the 16th century. The term ''Californio'' (historical, regional Spanish for 'Californian') was originally applied by and to the Spanish-speaking residents of ''Las Californias'' during the periods of Spanish California and Mexican California, between 1683 and 1848. The first Californios were the children of the early Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish military expeditions into northern rea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Bernardino, California
San Bernardino ( ) is a city in and the county seat of San Bernardino County, California, United States. Located in the Inland Empire region of Southern California, the city had a population of 222,101 in the 2020 census, making it the List of largest California cities by population, 18th-most populous city in California. San Bernardino is the economic, cultural, and political hub of the San Bernardino Valley and the Inland Empire. The governments of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico have established the metropolitan area's only consulates in the Downtown San Bernardino, downtown area of the city. Additionally, San Bernardino serves as an anchor city to the 3rd largest metropolitan area in California (after Los Angeles and San Francisco) and the 12th largest metropolitan area in the United States; the San Bernardino–Riverside MSA. Furthermore, the city's University District, San Bernardino, California, University District serves as a college town, as home to California State ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benjamin Davis Wilson
Benjamin Davis Wilson (December 1, 1811 – March 11, 1878), commonly known as Don Benito Wilson,Excerpt: ''"Wilson, now known as Don Benito, became a Californio – that group of Mexicans and Angols who thought of themselves as Californians rather than Mexicans or Americans"''; Farrar Hyde, Anne. Empires, Nations, and Families: A History of the North American West, 1800–1860' (2011); University of Nebraska Press.Excerpt: ''"He was familiarly known as Don Benito"''; Macfarland, John C. 'Don Benito Wilson'' (1949); Historical Society of Southern California Quarterly (Vol. 31, No. 4) was an American-Mexican politician, fur trapper, and ranchero of California. Born in Tennessee to parents from Virginia, Wilson eventually settled in Alta California when it was part of the Republic of Mexico, and acquired Rancho Jurupa. He became a naturalized Mexican citizen and married into a prominent Californio family. Following the American Conquest of California, Wilson acquired considerable o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Antonio Carrillo
Captain José Antonio Ezequiel Carrillo (1796–1862) was a Californio politician, ranchero, and signer of the California Constitution in 1849. He served three terms as Alcalde of Los Angeles (mayor). History A member of the prominent Carrillo family of California, he was the son of the Spanish José Raimundo Carrillo, and brother of Carlos Antonio Carrillo, governor of Alta California, himself serving three non-consecutive terms as ''alcalde'' (a combination mayor/judge) of Pueblo de Los Angeles between 1826 and 1834. José Antonio Carillo married María Estéfana Pico (1806–) in 1823, and after her death, Jacinta Pico (1815–) in 1842; both women were sisters of prominent Californios Pío Pico and Andrés Pico. He built Carrillo House in Los Angeles, fronting the historic plaza, with wings extending back on Main Street. José Antonio Carrillo was the rancho grantee of Rancho Las Posas in 1834, in present-day Ventura County, California, and the Island of Sant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archibald H
Archibald may refer to: People and characters *Archibald (name), a masculine given name and a surname * Archibald (musician) (1916–1973), American R&B pianist * Archibald, a character from the animated TV show '' Archibald the Koala'' Other uses * Archibald, Louisiana, a community in the United States *Archibald Prize The Archibald Prize is an Australian portraiture art prize for painting, generally seen as the most prestigious portrait prize in Australia. It was first awarded in 1921 after the receipt of a bequest from J. F. Archibald, J. F. Archib ..., an Australian portraiture art prize for painting See also * Archibald House, several buildings * * Archie (other) * Archbold (other) * Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1527–1593), Italian painter {{disambiguation, hn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pío Pico
Don (honorific), Don Pío de Jesús Pico IV (May 5, 1801 – September 11, 1894) was a California politician, ranchero, and entrepreneur, famous for serving as the List of governors of California before 1850, last governor of Alta California under Mexican rule from 1845 to 1846. He briefly held the governorship during a disputed period in 1832. A member of the prominent Pico family of California, he was one of the wealthiest men in California at the time and a hugely influential figure in Californian society, continuing as a citizen of the nascent U.S. state of California. His legacy can be seen in the numerous places named after him, such as the city of Pico Rivera, California, Pico Rivera, Pico Boulevard in Los Angeles, Pio Pico State Historic Park, and numerous schools that bear his name. Early years Ancestry Pío Pico was of Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Native American, Spaniards, Spanish, Italians, Italian, and Africans, African ancestry. His earliest known ancesto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican–American War
The Mexican–American War (Spanish language, Spanish: ''guerra de Estados Unidos-México, guerra mexicano-estadounidense''), also known in the United States as the Mexican War, and in Mexico as the United States intervention in Mexico, (April 25, 1846 – February 2, 1848) was an invasion of Second Federal Republic of Mexico, Mexico by the United States Army. It followed the 1845 American annexation of Texas, which Mexico still considered its territory because it refused to recognize the Treaties of Velasco, signed by President Antonio López de Santa Anna after he was captured by the Texian Army during the 1836 Texas Revolution. The Republic of Texas was ''de facto'' an independent country, but most of its Anglo-American citizens who had moved from the United States to Texas after 1822 wanted to be annexed by the United States. Sectional politics over slavery in the United States had previously prevented annexation because Texas would have been admitted as a slave state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of La Mesa
The Battle of La Mesa (also known as the Battle of Los Angeles) was the final battle of the California Campaign during the Mexican–American War, occurring on January 9, 1847, in present-day Vernon, California, the day after the Battle of Rio San Gabriel. The battle was a victory for the United States Army under Commodore Robert F. Stockton and General Stephen Watts Kearny. Background Not finding any Californians at Governor Pío Pico's ranch, the Americans under Stockton and Kearny crossed the plain between the San Gabriel River and the Los Angeles River called La Mesa.Bauer, K.J., 1974, ''The Mexican War, 1846–1848'', New York:Macmillan, They encountered José María Flores' 300-strong force of Californio militia, including artillery, near where the city of Vernon now stands, about four miles south of Los Angeles. Battle The Californian guns were ineffective, while the American guns responded from their square as the Americans advanced. Flores extended his line and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Rio San Gabriel
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and the Battle of France, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Chino
The Battle of Chino, a skirmish of the Mexican–American War occurred on September 26–27, 1846, during which 24 Americans led by Benjamin D. Wilson, who were hiding in the adobe house of Rancho Santa Ana del Chino, were captured by a group of about 50 Californios. Background Years of political unease preceded the battle. Tensions arose between the native Californios and the arriving American settlers, as well as within the Californio community itself. Divided loyalties fractured the region; some Californios maintained allegiance to the central Mexican authority, while others began to sympathize with the idea of American annexation out of frustration with the status quo. The San Bernardino Valley was highly susceptible to these divisions. Furthermore, the arrival of American settlers further exacerbated concerns over land seizure, cultural displacement, and legal authority. In late September 1846, as war between Mexico and the United States was declared, about 20 Americans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
