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Jonas Kriaučiūnas
Jonas Kriaučiūnas (18 June 1864 – 5 February 1941) was a Lithuanian activist during the Lithuanian National Revival mostly noted for editing and publishing Lithuanian periodicals ''Varpas'' and ''Ūkininkas'' in 1891–1895 and ''Vilniaus žinios'' in 1905–1906. Born in Suvalkija, Kriaučiūnas studied medicine at Moscow University but did not complete his studies. In 1889, to avoid conscription to the Russian Army, he moved to Tilsit in East Prussia where he worked at printing presses. When Juozas Adomaitis-Šernas fled East Prussia due to troubles with the police, Kriaučiūnas became responsible for editing and publishing ''Varpas'' and ''Ūkininkas''. He attracted German police attention after he directed a Lithuanian historical play by the Birutė Society in early 1895. He returned to Lithuania but was arrested and imprisoned by the Tsarist police in Kaunas and Saint Petersburg. For violating the Lithuanian press ban, he was sentenced to three years of exile in Talli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suwałki Governorate
Suwałki Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (''guberniya'') of Congress Poland of the Russian Empire, which had its seat in the city of Suwałki. It covered a territory of about . History In 1867, the territories of the Augustów Governorate and the Płock Governorates were re-organised to form the Płock Governorate, the Suwałki Governorate (consisting mostly of the Augustów Governorate territories) and a recreated Łomża Governorate. After World War I, the governorate was split between the Second Polish Republic and Lithuania, mostly along ethnic lines (with an exception of the area in the proximity of Puńsk and north of Sejny). The Polish part, known as Suwałki Region, was incorporated into the Białystok Voivodeship (1919-1939), Białystok Voivodeship. The Lithuanian region of Suvalkija was named after the governorate. Demographics and economy According to contemporary Russian Empire statistics, from 1889 the Suwałki Governorate was predominantly Lithua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tallinn
Tallinn is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Estonia, most populous city of Estonia. Situated on a Tallinn Bay, bay in north Estonia, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, it has a population of (as of 2025) and administratively lies in the Harju County, Harju ''Counties of Estonia, maakond'' (county). Tallinn is the main governmental, financial, industrial, and cultural centre of Estonia. It is located northwest of the country's second largest city, Tartu, however, only south of Helsinki, Finland; it is also west of Saint Petersburg, Russia, north of Riga, Latvia, and east of Stockholm, Sweden. From the 13th century until the first half of the 20th century, Tallinn was known in most of the world by variants of its other historical Names of Tallinn in different languages, name Reval. “Reval” received Lübeck law, Lübeck city rights in 1248; however, the earliest evidence of human settlement in the area dates back nearly 5,000 years. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Šviesa
''Šviesa'' or ''Szviesa'' (literally: ''The Light'') was a short-lived Lithuanian-language newspaper printed during the Lithuanian press ban in Tilsit (now Sovetsk) in German East Prussia and smuggled to Lithuania by the knygnešiai. The monthly newspaper was published from August 1887 to August 1888 and from January to August 1890. 50- to 32-page newspaper had circulation of about 1,000. A special 72-page supplement was published in 1888. Influence of ''Šviesa'' was not very significant as it did not last and did not offer new ideas. After the first national Lithuanian newspaper ''Aušra'' ceased its publication due to financial difficulties, Lithuanian students in Moscow and young priests, disappointed by secular ''Aušra'', organized publication of ''Šviesa''. They sought to take leadership of the Lithuanian National Revival and propagate Catholic ideals. Edited by priest and Jonas Kriaučiūnas, ''Šviesa'' was geared towards a common villager and included many practical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marijampolė
Marijampolė (; also known by Marijampolė#Names, several other names) is the Capital city, capital of Marijampolė County in the south of Lithuania, bordering Poland and Russian Kaliningrad Oblast, and Lake Vištytis. The city's population stood at approximately 48,700 in 2003. Marijampolė is the List of cities in Lithuania, seventh-largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, sixteenth-largest city in the Baltic States. It is the cultural centre and largest settlement of the historical region of Suvalkija (Sudovia). Marijampolė has been a regional center since 1994. The city covers an area equal to . The Šešupė River divides the city into two parts, which are connected by six bridges. The city is known for the international art and architecture symposium ''Malonny'', an event which focuses on street art, murals, and public installations, transforming Marijampolė's urban spaces into an open-air art gallery. Names The city has also b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petras Kriaučiūnas
Petras Kriaučiūnas (1850–1916) was an activist during the Lithuanian National Revival. Educated as a priest, he taught at the Marijampolė Gymnasium in 1881–1887 and 1906–1914 and was active as an amateur linguist. Kriaučiūnas was born into a well-off Lithuanian family in Suvalkija. He attended Marijampolė Gymnasium and Sejny Priest Seminary. As a good student, he obtained a stipend from the Archbishop of Mogilev to study at the Saint Petersburg Roman Catholic Theological Academy. However, the stipend obligated him to work at the Archdiocese of Mogilev. Therefore, he declined the final ordination to priesthood and attended University of Warsaw for a year to get a teaching diploma. He then returned to Lithuania and became a teacher at the Marijampolė Gymnasium. He taught Latin, Lithuanian, German and Greek languages and encouraged his students, many of whom later became prominent figures in independent Lithuania, to be proud of their Lithuanian identity and heritage. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aušra
''Aušra'' or ''Auszra'' (literally: ''dawn'') was the first national Lithuanian newspaper. The first issue was published in 1883, in Ragnit, East Prussia, Germany (newspaper credited it as ) East Prussia's ethnolinguistic part - Lithuania Minor. Later, it was published monthly in Tilsit (present-day Sovetsk). Even though only forty issues were published and the circulation did not exceed 1,000, it was a significant event as it marked the beginnings of the Lithuanian national rebirth that eventually resulted in an independent Lithuanian State (1918–1940). This period, between 1883 and 1904, when the Lithuanian press ban was enforced by Tsarist authorities, has been referred to as the ''Aušros gadynė'' (the Dawn Period). The printing ceased in 1886 as a result of financial issues. History After the Russian authorities denied permission to publish a Lithuanian newspaper in Vilnius, Jonas Šliūpas proposed to publish it in East Prussia, Germany. However, he was perceived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lekėčiai
Lekėčiai is a small town in the Šakiai District Municipality, Marijampolė County, in southwestern Lithuania. Location and geography Lekėčiai is located in the Šakiai District Municipality, Marijampolė County, in southwestern Lithuania. It's in the center of forests, with the Rūdšilis forests to the north and the Paryžinė and Vincentavas forests to the south. The Liekė River, a tributary of the Nemunas, flows through the town. History Lekėčiai was first mentioned in 1506, when Grand Duke Alexander Jagiellon granted the local grove to Jonas Sapiega as a reward for his service in wars against Moscow. In 1863, Lekėčiai witnessed battles between Aleksandras Andruškevičius' rebel group and between Russian Cossacks, in which 15 rebels were killed. After World War II, local partisans established bunkers in the nearby Rūdšilis forest, and resistance leader Julijonas Būtėnas was killed there in 1951. Demographics According to the 2011 census, the town ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Žemoji Panemunė
Žemoji Panemunė is a small town in Marijampolė County, in southwestern Lithuania Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, P .... According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 64 people. References Towns in Lithuania Towns in Marijampolė County Šakiai District Municipality {{MarijampolėCounty-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughly one-sixth of the world's landmass, making it the list of largest empires, third-largest empire in history, behind only the British Empire, British and Mongol Empire, Mongol empires. It also Russian colonization of North America, colonized Alaska between 1799 and 1867. The empire's 1897 census, the only one it conducted, found a population of 125.6 million with considerable ethnic, linguistic, religious, and socioeconomic diversity. From the 10th to 17th centuries, the Russians had been ruled by a noble class known as the boyars, above whom was the tsar, an absolute monarch. The groundwork of the Russian Empire was laid by Ivan III (), who greatly expanded his domain, established a centralized Russian national state, and secured inde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Šakiai District Municipality
Šakiai () is a city in the Marijampolė County, Lithuania. It is located west of Kaunas. History It is presumed that Šakiai first expanded from ''Šakaičai'' village, which was first mentioned in 1599. In 1719 Šakaičiai was renamed to Šakiai and in the same year a church was built. By the 19th century Šakiai already had city rights (since 1812); it also had a school, Catholic and Lutheranism, Lutheran churches, a synagogue, and a post office. In 1890–1894 Vincas Kudirka, the author of ''Tautiška giesmė'', lived in Šakiai. During World War II, the town was under Soviet occupation from 1940, and then under German occupation of Lithuania during World War II, German occupation from 1941 to 1944. The city was damaged by the bombardment of Soviet Air Forces, while the Wehrmacht, Nazi German Army has exploded many masonry buildings (only 70 homes out of 328 remained). Several massacres of Jewish people are alleged to have taken place in Šakiai in World War II, from July to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riga
Riga ( ) is the capital, Primate city, primate, and List of cities and towns in Latvia, largest city of Latvia. Home to 591,882 inhabitants (as of 2025), the city accounts for a third of Latvia's total population. The population of Riga Planning Region, Riga metropolitan area, which stretches beyond the city limits, is estimated at 847,162 (as of 2025). The city lies on the Gulf of Riga at the mouth of the Daugava (river), Daugava river where it meets the Baltic Sea. Riga's territory covers and lies above sea level on a flat and sandy plain. Riga was founded in 1201, and is a former Hanseatic League member. Riga's historical centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, noted for its Art Nouveau/Jugendstil architecture and 19th century wooden architecture. Riga was the European Capital of Culture in 2014, along with Umeå in Sweden. Riga hosted the 2006 Riga summit, 2006 NATO Summit, the Eurovision Song Contest 2003, the 2013 World Women's Curling Championship, and the 2006 IIHF Wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
