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John Runnström
Johan "John" Axel Mauritz Runnström (17 June 1888 – 20 January 1971) was a Swedish zoologist and cell biologist. He helped establish developmental biology research in Sweden. Along with his student Sven Hörstadius, and with studies on sea urchins, they developed the (double) gradient theory on how embryonic development and cell fates are decided along an axis. He was also involved in eugenics and co-authored a book in 1921 with Herman Lundborg, 1868–1943, on the superiority of the Swedish people. Life and work Runnström was born in Katarina Parish where his father Mauritz Leonard was a baker married to Augusta Wilhelmina Björklund. He grew up in Söder and studied in Stockholm. He became interested in natural history and began to use a microscope at an early age. He also trained as a baker and enrolled in the natural sciences at Stockholm. He also began to read extensively and became interested in the work of Jacques Loeb. He received an offer to study at the Kristineb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sven Hörstadius
Sven Hörstadius (1898–1996) was a Swedish embryologist known for his work on sea urchin embryos. He was responsible for an increased understanding of the neural crest. Hörstadius studied under John Runnström at Stockholm University College and was awarded his Ph.D. in 1930. He was appointed professor of zoology at Uppsala University 1942, where he remained until his retirement in 1964, but continued to lecture as an emeritus. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1946 and of the Royal Society in 1952. References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonor Michaelis
Leonor Michaelis (16 January 1875 – 8 October 1949) was a German biochemist, physical chemist, and physician. He is known for his work with Maud Menten on enzyme kinetics in 1913, as well as for work on enzyme inhibition, pH and quinones. Early life and education Leonor Michaelis was born in Berlin, Germany, on 16 January 1875 to Jewish parents Hulda and Morit. He had three brothers and one sister. Michaelis graduated from the humanistic Köllnisches Gymnasium in 1893 after passing the Abiturienten Examen. It was during that time that Michaelis's interest in physics and chemistry was first sparked as he was encouraged by his teachers to utilize the relatively unused laboratories at his school. With concerns about the financial stability of a pure scientist, he commenced his study of medicine at Berlin University in 1893. Among his instructors were Emil du Bois-Reymond for physiology, Hermann Emil Fischer, Emil Fischer for chemistry, and Oscar Hertwig for histology and embr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1971 Deaths
* The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses (Solar eclipse of February 25, 1971, February 25, Solar eclipse of July 22, 1971, July 22 and Solar eclipse of August 20, 1971, August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 1971 lunar eclipse, February 10, and August 1971 lunar eclipse, August 6). The world population increased by 2.1% this year, the highest increase in history. Events January * January 2 – 1971 Ibrox disaster: During a crush, 66 people are killed and over 200 injured in Glasgow, Scotland. * January 5 – The first ever One Day International cricket match is played between Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. * January 8 – Tupamaros kidnap Geoffrey Jackson, British ambassador to Uruguay, in Montevideo, keeping him captive until September. * January 9 – Uruguayan president Jorge Pacheco Areco demands emergency powers for 90 days due to kidnappings, and receives them the next day. * January 12 – The landmark United States televis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1888 Births
Events January * January 3 – The great telescope (with an objective lens of diameter) at Lick Observatory in California is first used. * January 12 – The Schoolhouse Blizzard hits Dakota Territory and the states of Montana, Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas and Texas, leaving 235 dead, many of them children on their way home from school. * January 13 – The National Geographic Society is founded in Washington, D.C. * January 19 – The Battle of the Grapevine Creek, the last major conflict of the Hatfield–McCoy feud in the Southeastern United States. * January 21 – The Amateur Athletic Union is founded by William Buckingham Curtis in the United States. * January 26 – The Lawn Tennis Association is founded in England. February * February 27 – In West Orange, New Jersey, Thomas Edison meets with Eadweard Muybridge, who proposes a scheme for sound film. March * March 8 – The Agriculture College of Utah (later Utah State University) i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Thomas Hunt Morgan (September 25, 1866 – December 4, 1945) was an Americans, American evolutionary biologist, geneticist, Embryology, embryologist, and science author who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for discoveries elucidating the role that the chromosome plays in heredity. Morgan received his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in zoology in 1890 and researched embryology during his tenure at Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr. Following the rediscovery of Mendelian inheritance in 1900, Morgan began to study the genetic characteristics of the fruit fly ''Drosophila melanogaster''. In his famous Fly Room at Columbia University's Schermerhorn Hall, Morgan demonstrated that genes are carried on chromosomes and are the mechanical basis of heredity. These discoveries formed the basis of the modern science of genetics. During his distinguished career, Morgan wrote List of books by Thomas Hunt Morgan, 22 books and 370 scientific papers. As a result of his work, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Joseph Muller
Hermann Joseph Muller (December 21, 1890 – April 5, 1967) was an American geneticist who was awarded the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, "for the discovery that mutations can be induced by X-rays". Muller warned of long-term dangers of radioactive fallout from nuclear war and nuclear testing, which resulted in greater public scrutiny of these practices. Early life Muller was born in New York City, the son of Frances (Lyons) and Hermann Joseph Muller Sr., an artisan who worked with metals. Muller was a third-generation American whose father's ancestors were originally Catholic and came to the United States from Koblenz. His mother's family was of mixed Jewish (descended from Spanish and Portuguese Jews) and Anglican background, and had come from Britain. Among his first cousins was Alfred Kroeber (Kroeber was Ursula Le Guin's father) and first cousins once removed was Herbert J. Muller. As an adolescent, Muller attended a Unitarian church and considered himsel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torbjörn Caspersson
Torbjörn Oskar Caspersson (15 October 1910 – 7 December 1997) was a Sweden, Swedish cell biology, cytologist and geneticist. He was born in Motala and attended the Stockholm University, where he studied medicine and biophysics. Contributions Caspersson made several key contributions to biology. * He provided William Astbury with well prepared samples of DNA for Astbury's pioneering structural measurements. * In 1936, in his doctoral thesis in chemistry, presented at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, he first studied genetic material inside a cell (biology), cell with an ultraviolet microscope to determine the nucleic acid content of cellular structures such as the cell nucleus, nucleus and nucleolus using the Feulgen reaction to stain the DNA. * He worked with Jack Schultz in Stockholm from 1937 to 1939 on protein synthesis in cells and published the work in 1939, where he independent of Jean Brachet, working out the same problem using a different technique, found that ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Axel Wenner-Gren
Axel Lennart Wenner-Gren (5 June 1881 – 24 November 1961) was a Swedish entrepreneur and one of the wealthiest men in the world during the 1930s. Early life He was born on 5 June 1881 in Uddevalla, a town on the west coast of Sweden. He was the fourth of six children (four girls and two boys) born to Leonard and the much younger Alice Wenner-Gren (née Albin); only three of the children survived to adulthood: Axel, his oldest sister (Anna), and his younger brother (Hugo). His father owned a farm and exported timber to England, which made the family wealthy. Having spent his school years in Uddevalla, Wenner-Gren moved to Gothenburg where he was employed for five years in the spice importing company of a maternal uncle. During this time, he learned English, French, and German at the local Berlitz school, and music at the local YMCA.Luciak, p.14 In 1902, at the age of 21, he left Sweden to further his studies in Germany. He first studied in the university town of Grei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rockefeller Foundation
The Rockefeller Foundation is an American private foundation and philanthropic medical research and arts funding organization based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The foundation was created by Standard Oil magnate John D. Rockefeller ("Senior") and son " Junior", and their primary business advisor, Frederick Taylor Gates, on May 14, 1913, when its charter was granted by New York. It is the second-oldest major philanthropic institution in America (after the Carnegie Corporation) and ranks as the 30th largest foundation globally by endowment, with assets of over $6.3 billion in 2022. The Rockefeller Foundation is legally independent from other Rockefeller entities, including the Rockefeller University and Rockefeller Center, and operates under the oversight of its own independent board of trustees, with its own resources and distinct mission. Since its inception, the foundation has donated billions of dollars to various causes, becoming the largest philanthropic enter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herman Bernhard Lundborg
Herman Bernhard Lundborg (April 7, 1868 – May 9, 1943) was a Swedish physician and a race biologist. Biography Lundborg was born in Väse, Sweden. He graduated in medicine at the Karolinska Institutet in 1895, and received his doctorate at the Uppsala University in 1903. He also habilitated there that year for psychiatry and neurology, and in 1915 for racial research and racial biology. For his doctoral dissertation, Lundborg researched one of the genetic progressive myoclonus epilepsies first described by Heinrich Unverricht in 1891. Besides giving an account of the disease, he traced an affected family back to the 18th century, an analysis unique for that time. He concluded that the family had genetically degenerated because of "unwise marriages". The study has been described as "of considerable historic interest in human genetics". Over the years, the form of epilepsy became known as the Unverricht–Lundborg disease. He was on the editorial board of the ''Hereditas'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Warburg (botanist)
Otto Warburg (20 July 1859 – 10 January 1938) was a German-Jewish botanist. He was also a notable industrial agriculture expert and president of the Zionist Organization from 1911 to 1921. Biography Warburg was born in Hamburg on 20 July 1859 to a family whose ancestors came to Germany in 1566, possibly from Bologna. He completed his studies at the Johanneum Gymnasium in Hamburg in 1879, and continued his education in the field of botany at the University of Bonn which he left after one semester to move to the University of Berlin, and later to the University of Strasbourg, where he received his Ph.D. in 1883. He went on to study chemistry in Munich and physiology in Tübingen with Wilhelm Pfeffer. In 1885 he embarked on a 4-year expedition to Southern and Southeastern Asia, ending in Australia in 1889. He brought back hundreds of plant samples from his field research that he classified upon his return to Berlin after 1889. In 1897, he was appointed associate professor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn
The Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn is a research institute in Naples, Italy, devoted to basic research in biology. Research is largely interdisciplinary involving the fields of evolution, biochemistry, molecular biology, neurobiology, cell biology, biological oceanography, marine botany, molecular plant biology, benthic ecology, and ecophysiology. Founded in 1872 as a private concern by Anton Dohrn, in 1982 the Stazione Zoologica came under the supervision and control of the Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica (Ministry of Universities and Scientific and Technological Research) as a National Institute. History The idea Dohrn's idea was to establish an international scientific community provided with laboratory space, equipment, research material and a library. This was supported and funded by the German Empire, German Government, Thomas Henry Huxley, Charles Darwin, Francis Maitland Balfour, Francis Balfour and Charles Lyell among others. Dohrn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
