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Joan Llorenç
Joan Llorenç (in Valencian; ) (1458–1520) was the leader of a ''Germania'' (guild, literally "brotherhood") of Valencia. He became one of the most influential leaders in what would later be known as the Revolt of the Brotherhoods The Revolt of the Brotherhoods (, ) was a revolt by artisan guilds ('' Germanies'') against the government of King Charles V in the Kingdom of Valencia, part of the Crown of Aragon. It took place from 1519–1523, with most of the fighti ..., though during his leadership warfare had not yet broken out. Llorenç sought to expand the role the guilds played in the city and to counterbalance noble power. The nobility were widely disliked as they had often abused their power and acted above the law, with the government doing little against them. After a series of plagues, floods, and economic disasters in Valencia, the royal government was practically nonfunctional. Llorenç and the Council of Thirteen, the board consisting of the heads of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germania (guild)
(in Catalan; literally "brotherhoods") were guilds of artisans in the Kingdom of Valencia in Spain. Each ''germania'' () represented a single trade. The ''germanies'' are similar to the (also "brotherhoods", but in Castilian Spanish In English, Castilian Spanish can mean the variety of Peninsular Spanish spoken in northern and central Spain, the standard form of Spanish, or Spanish from Spain in general. In Spanish, the term (Castilian) can either refer to the Spanish langu ...) of Castile, which were paramilitary law-enforcement militias. Similar to the ''hermandades'', the Germanies at times took up arms to defend Valencia against raids from the Barbary pirates, but this privilege was revoked and the ''Germanies'' suppressed after they revolted against the royal government of King Charles I of Spain. Revolt The ''germanies'' began to take power in Valencia in 1519 after an outbreak of the plague, and the situation degenerated to open warfare between the ''Germanies'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guild
A guild ( ) is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory. The earliest types of guild formed as organizations of tradespeople belonging to a professional association. They sometimes depended on grants of letters patent from a monarch or other ruler to enforce the flow of trade to their self-employed members, and to retain ownership of tools and the supply of materials, but most were regulated by the local government. Guild members found guilty of cheating the public would be fined or banned from the guild. A lasting legacy of traditional guilds are the guildhalls constructed and used as guild meeting-places. Typically the key "privilege" was that only guild members were allowed to sell their goods or practice their skill within the city. There might be controls on minimum or maximum prices, hours of trading, numbers of apprentices, and many other things. Critics argued that these rules reduced Free market, fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valencia, Spain
Valencia ( , ), formally València (), is the capital of the Province of Valencia, province and Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, the same name in Spain. It is located on the banks of the Turia (river), Turia, on the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula on the Mediterranean Sea. It is the Ranked lists of Spanish municipalities, third-most populated municipality in the country, with 825,948 inhabitants. The urban area of Valencia has 1.5 million people while the metropolitan region has 2.5 million. Valencia was founded as a Roman Republic, Roman colony in 138 BC as '. As an autonomous city in late antiquity, its militarization followed the onset of the threat posed by the Spania, Byzantine presence to the South, together with effective integration to the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo in the late 6th century. Al-Andalus, Islamic rule and acculturation ensued in the 8th century, together with the introduction of new irrigation syst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolt Of The Brotherhoods
The Revolt of the Brotherhoods (, ) was a revolt by artisan guilds ('' Germanies'') against the government of King Charles V in the Kingdom of Valencia, part of the Crown of Aragon. It took place from 1519–1523, with most of the fighting occurring during 1521. The Valencian revolt inspired a related revolt in the island of Majorca, also part of Aragon, which lasted from 1521–1523. The revolt was an anti-monarchist, anti-feudal autonomist movement inspired by the Italian republics. It also bore a strong anti-Islamic aspect, as rebels rioted against Valencia's peasant Muslim population (also called mudéjars, to contrast with crypto-Muslims or Moriscos in the Crown of Castile, where Islam was outlawed) and imposed forced conversions to Christianity. The ''agermanats'' are comparable to the comuneros of neighboring Castile, who fought a similar revolt against Charles from 1520–1522. Both rebellions were partially inspired by the departure for Germany of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diego Hurtado De Mendoza, 1st Count Of Melito
Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (in full, ) (1469–1536) was a Crown of Castile, Castilian general and administrator. He served in the Italian Wars, and was later appointed Viceroy of Valencia where he fought the rebel ''Germanies'' in the Revolt of the Brotherhoods. Early life Diego was the second son of Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal Pedro González de Mendoza and Mencia de Lemos (of the House of the :pt:Senhor_da_Trofa, Lords of Trofa, in Portugal), making him a member of the powerful House of Mendoza, Mendoza family. As Cardinal Mendoza was already a Cardinal, Diego was born out of wedlock. He was born on November 3, 1469, and raised in the castle of Manzanares el Real. Italian wars He joined the army and fought in the Granada War. After it completed in 1492, Mendoza advanced in rank and served in the Italian War of 1499–1504, Second Italian war, where he distinguished himself serving under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, "''el Gran Capitán''." He played an important role in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People Of The Revolt Of The Brotherhoods
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation. Concepts Legal Chapter One, Article One of the Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination. Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Indigenous peoples (''peoples'', as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in ''indigenous people''), does not automatically provide for independent sovereignty and therefore secession. Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings identified the inherent problems in the right of "peoples" to self-determination, as i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1458 Births
Year 1458 ( MCDLVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1458th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 458th year of the 2nd millennium, the 58th year of the 15th century, and the 9th year of the 1450s decade. Events January–December * January 24 – Matthias Corvinus becomes king of Hungary, at age 14. * February 27 – George of Poděbrady is elected king of Bohemia. * March 25 – The Loveday is staged in London, by which Henry VI of England attempts to unite the warring factions who have triggered the Wars of the Roses. * June – Francesco II Acciaioli, last Duke of Athens, surrenders the city to the Ottoman Empire and Sultan Mehmed II enters peacefully in August. Ottoman authorities issue a decree to protect the Acropolis. * July 15 – Magdalen College, Oxford, is founded. * August 19 – Pope Pius II succeeds Callixtus III, as the 210th pope. * October 24 – King Afonso V o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1520 Deaths
Year 1520 ( MDXX) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March *January 19 – King Christian II of Denmark and Norway defeats the Swedes, at Lake Åsunden in Sweden. The Swedish regent Sten Sture the Younger is mortally wounded in the Battle of Bogesund. He is rushed towards Stockholm, in order to lead the fight against the Danes from there. *February 3 – Swedish regent Sten Sture dies from his wounds leaving a vacancy on the throne that allows King Christian II of Denmark to conquer Sweden within eight months. *February 6 – The Swabian League sells the Duchy of Württemberg to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, for 220,000 florins and payment of the Duchy's debt of 1,100,000 Goldgulden *March 10 – Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk becomes England's new Lord Deputy of Ireland *March 31 – The Magellan expedition, led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães), pauses in its a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
