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Jean-François Ducos
Jean-François Ducos (26October 176531October 1793) was a French ''député'' for the Gironde to the Legislative Assembly then the National Convention. Life The son of a merchant in Bordeaux, he was sent to Nantes to learn his trade but there became interested in politics and philosophy, joining several such circles, in which he gained a reputation for patriotism. This allowed him to be elected as a député for Gironde to the Legislative Assembly then the Convention. There he sat with the Girondins (but tended to favour the opinions of the Montagnards) and took up marked positions, such as in the issues surrounding Louis XVI, the abolition of the monarchy and the question of the refractory priests. He was virulently opposed to La Fayette. Protection from Marat meant he escaped a purge on 2 June 1793, but he fell under suspicion due to his protests against the arrests and summary 'disappearances'. He was mentioned in the report by Amar on 3 October 1793 and condemned to de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deputy (legislator)
A legislator, or lawmaker, is a person who writes and passes laws, especially someone who is a member of a legislature. Legislators are often elected by the people, but they can be appointed, or hereditary. Legislatures may be supra-national (for example, the European Parliament), national, such as the Japanese Diet, sub-national as in provinces, or local. Overview The political theory of the separation of powers requires legislators to be independent individuals from the members of the executive and the judiciary. Certain political systems adhere to this principle, others do not. In the United Kingdom and other countries using the Westminster system, for example, the executive is formed almost exclusively from legislators (members of the parliament), and the executive Cabinet itself has delegated legislative power. In continental European jurisprudence and legal discussion, "the legislator" (') is the abstract entity that has produced the laws. When there is room ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilbert Du Motier, Marquis De Lafayette
Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette, Marquis de La Fayette (; 6 September 1757 – 20 May 1834), known in the United States as Lafayette (), was a French military officer and politician who volunteered to join the Continental Army, led by General George Washington, in the American Revolutionary War. Lafayette was ultimately permitted to command Continental Army troops in the decisive Siege of Yorktown in 1781, the Revolutionary War's final major battle, which secured American independence. After returning to France, Lafayette became a key figure in the French Revolution of 1789 and the July Revolution of 1830 and continues to be celebrated as a hero in both France and the United States. Lafayette was born into a wealthy land-owning family in Chavaniac in the province of Auvergne in south-central France. He followed the family's martial tradition and was commissioned an officer at age 13. He became convinced that the American revolutionary cause was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politicians From Bordeaux
A politician is a person who participates in Public policy, policy-making processes, usually holding an elective position in government. Politicians represent the people, make decisions, and influence the formulation of public policy. The roles or duties that politicians must perform vary depending on the level of government they serve, whether Local government, local, national, or international. The ideological orientation that politicians adopt often stems from their previous experience, education, beliefs, the political parties they belong to, or public opinion. Politicians sometimes face many challenges and mistakes that may affect their credibility and ability to persuade. These mistakes include political corruption resulting from their misuse and exploitation of power to achieve their interests, which requires them to prioritize the public interest and develop long-term strategies. Challenges include how to keep up with the development of social media and confronting biase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1793 Deaths
The French First Republic, French Republic introduced the French Republican Calendar, French Revolutionary Calendar starting with the year I. Events January–June * January 7 – The Ebel riot occurs in Sweden. * January 9 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fly in a gas balloon in the United States. * January 13 – Nicolas Jean Hugon de Bassville, a representative of Revolutionary France, is lynched by a mob in Rome. * January 21 – French Revolution: After being found guilty of treason by the French National Convention, ''Citizen Capet'', Louis XVI of France, is guillotined in Paris. * January 23 – Second Partition of Poland: The Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia Partition (politics), partition the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. * February – In Manchester, Vermont, the wife of a captain falls ill, probably with tuberculosis. Some locals believe that the cause of her illness is that a demon vampire is sucking he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1765 Births
Events January–March * January 23 – Prince Joseph of Austria marries Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria in Vienna. * January 29 – One week before his death, Mir Jafar, who had been enthroned as the Nawab of Bengal and ruler of the Bengali people with the support and protection of the British East India Company, abdicates in favor of his 18-year-old son, Najmuddin Ali Khan. * February 8 **Frederick the Great, the King of Prussia, issues a decree abolishing the historic punishments against unmarried women in Germany for "sex crimes", particularly the ''Hurenstrafen'' (literally "whore shaming") practices of public humiliation. ** Isaac Barré, a member of the British House of Commons for Wycombe and a veteran of the French and Indian War in the British American colonies, coins the term "Sons of Liberty" in a rebuttal to Charles Townshend's derisive description of the American colonists during the introduction of the proposed Stamp Act. Barré notes tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Susanne Alleyn
Susanne may refer to: *Susanne (given name), a feminine given name (including a list of people with the name) *, later USS ''SP-411'', a United States Navy patrol boat in commission from 1917 to 1919 *, the proposed name and designation for a vessel the Navy considered for service during World War I but never acquired * ''Susanne'' (1950 film), a Danish film directed by Torben Anton Svendsen * ''Susanne'' (1961 film), a Swedish film directed by Elsa Colfach * "Susanne" (song), by Weezer See also * *Suzanne (other) *Susanna (other) *Susana (other) *Susann Susann is a given name and surname, a variant of Susan. Notable persons with that name include: Persons with the given name * Susann-Annette Storm (born 1957), German attorney and university chancellor * Susann B. Winter (fl. 1970s–present), Ger ... * Zuzana {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Baptiste Boyer-Fonfrède
Jean-Baptiste Boyer-Fonfrède (; 1760 – 31 October 1793) was a French Girondin politician. A deputy to the National Convention from his native city, Bordeaux, he voted for the death of Louis XVI, denounced the September Massacres and accused Jean-Paul Marat. He was tried, condemned, and guillotined in Paris with the leading Girondin deputies on 31 October 1793. His son Henri Fonfrède Henri Fonfrède (Bordeaux, 1788 – Bordeaux, 1841) was a French orator, publicist and economist. He made his name as a publicist defending liberal ideas in Bordeaux's main newspaper under the Bourbon Restoration. He was the son of Jean-Ba ... (1788–1841) made his name as a publicist defending liberal ideas in Bordeaux's main newspaper under the Bourbon Restoration. In literature Boyer-Fonfrède, together with his best friend, fellow deputy Jean-François Ducos, appears in a supporting role in the historical mystery novel ''Palace of Justice'' (2010) by Susanne Alleyn. {{DEF ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillotine
A guillotine ( ) is an apparatus designed for effectively carrying out executions by Decapitation, beheading. The device consists of a tall, upright frame with a weighted and angled blade suspended at the top. The condemned person is secured with a pillory at the bottom of the frame, holding the position of the neck directly below the blade. The blade is then released, swiftly and forcefully decapitating the victim with a single, clean pass; the head falls into a basket or other receptacle below. The guillotine is best known for its use in France, particularly during the French Revolution, where the revolution's supporters celebrated it as the people's avenger and the revolution's opponents vilified it as the pre-eminent symbol of the violence of the Reign of Terror. While the name "guillotine" dates from this period, similar devices had been in use elsewhere in Europe over several centuries. Use of an oblique blade and the pillory-like restraint device set this type of gui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Pierre-André Amar
Jean-Pierre-André Amar or Jean-Baptiste-André Amar (May 11, 1755 – December 21, 1816) was a French political figure of the Revolution and Freemason. Life Early activities Born in a rich family of cloth merchants in Grenoble, Amar was the son of the former Director of the Mint. He became a lawyer for the local ''parlement'' in 1774. In 1786, he purchased the title of '' Trésorier de France'' for the tax region of the Dauphiné, which gave him a title in the French nobility, for 200,000 '' livres''. In 1789, he was one of the founders of the Grenoble patriotic society, which in December of that year published the first edition of ''La Vedette des Alpes''. In 1790, Amar was elected vice-president of the Grenoble directory, and became a deputy to the National Convention for the '' département'' of Isère, and joined The Mountain, voting in favor of Louis XVI's execution during his trial. Prominence Sent on mission with to Ain and Isère in early 1793, he oversaw the '' le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Paul Marat
Jean-Paul Marat (, , ; born Jean-Paul Mara; 24 May 1743 – 13 July 1793) was a French political theorist, physician, and scientist. A journalist and politician during the French Revolution, he was a vigorous defender of the ''sans-culottes'', a radical voice, and published his views in pamphlets, placards and newspapers. His periodical ''L'Ami du peuple'' (''The Friend of the People'') made him an unofficial link with the radical Jacobin group that came to power after June 1793. His journalism was known for its fierce tone and uncompromising stance toward the new leaders and institutions of the revolution. Responsibility for the September massacres has been attributed to him, given his position of renown at the time, and a paper trail of decisions leading up to the massacres. Others posit that the collective mentality which made them possible resulted from circumstances and not from the will of any particular individual.#Lefebvre, Lefebvre, p. 236 Marat was assassinated by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decree Against Refractory Priests
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy () was a law passed on 12 July 1790 during the French Revolution, that sought the complete control over the Catholic Church in France by the French government. As a result, a schism was created, resulting in an illegal and underground French Catholic Church loyal to the Papacy, and a "constitutional church" that was subservient to the State. The schism was not fully resolved until 1801. King Louis XVI ultimately granted Royal Assent to the measure after originally opposing it, but later expressed regret for having done so. Earlier legislation had already arranged the confiscation of the Catholic Church's land holdings and banned monastic vows. This new law completed the destruction of the monastic orders, outlawing "all regular and secular chapters for either sex, abbacies and priorships, both regular and ''in commendam'', for either sex". It also sought to settle the chaos caused by the earlier confiscation of Church lands and the aboliti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gironde
Gironde ( , US usually , ; , ) is the largest department in the southwestern French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2019, it had a population of 1,623,749.Populations légales 2019: 33 Gironde INSEE The famous Bordeaux wine region is in Gironde. It has six arrondissements, making it one of the departments with the most arrondissements ( [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
