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Jean-Chrysostôme Calès
Jean-Chrysostôme Calès () was a French military officer who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He was born on 27 January 1769 in Caraman, Haute-Garonne, Caraman (Haute-Garonne) and died on 21 April 1853 in Cessales (Haute-Garonne). Biography Jean-Chrysostôme Calès, ''« son of Jean Calès, alderman of Caraman, Haute-Garonne, Caraman, and of damsel Jeanne Rochas »'' was born on 27 January 1769 in Caraman, Haute-Garonne, Caraman, a small village in the region of Lauragais near Toulouse. Jean-Chrysostôme was the fourth brother of 10 siblings, and had two sisters and seven brothers. Several of his siblings were also prominent, including Jean-Marie Calès (1757-1834), the eldest, who became deputy of Haute-Garonne at the National Convention and the Council of Five Hundred, the second oldest, Jean Calès (1764-1840), who became Inspector-General of military hospitals, and the fifth oldest, Jean Joseph Etienne Victorin Calès (1772-1853), who bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baron D'Empire
As Emperor of the French, Napoleon I created titles in a newly established ' (imperial nobility) to institute a stable elite in the First French Empire, after the instability resulting from the French Revolution. Like many others, both before and since, Napoleon found that the ability to confer titles was also a useful tool of patronage which cost the state little. In all, about 2,200 titles were created by Napoleon: * Princes and dukes: ** Princes of the imperial family *** The Prince Imperial (Napoleon's son and heir apparent, who was later styled as Napoleon II) *** Princes of France (8 close family members) ** Sovereign princes (3) ** Dukes of large fiefs (20) ** Victory princes (4) ** Victory dukedoms (10) ** Other dukedoms (3) * Counts (251) * Barons (1,516) * Knights (385) Napoleon also established a new knightly order in 1802, the Legion of Honour, which is still in existence today. The Grand Dignitaries of the French Empire ranked, regardless of noble title, immed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
