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Japan–Korea Treaty Of 1905
The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905, also known as the Eulsa Treaty, was made between delegates of the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire in 1905. Negotiations were concluded on November 17, 1905. The treaty deprived Korea of its diplomatic sovereignty and made Korea a protectorate of Imperial Japan. It resulted from Imperial Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905. Background Beginning from the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876, a series of treaties were signed between Korea and Japan throughout the following decades. During the signing of the 1876 Treaty, Joseon Korea actively participated in the negotiation process, with the initial Japanese proposal of a most-favored nation clause ultimately omitted due to Korean demands. However, Japanese demands for compensation after the 1882 Imo Incident led to the signing of the 1883 , which deprived Korea of its tariff autonomy over trade with Japan. The Japanese victory over the Qing in the First Sino-Japanese War led to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seoul
Seoul, officially Seoul Special Metropolitan City, is the capital city, capital and largest city of South Korea. The broader Seoul Metropolitan Area, encompassing Seoul, Gyeonggi Province and Incheon, emerged as the world's List of cities by GDP, sixth largest metropolitan economy in 2022, trailing behind New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Tokyo Area, Tokyo, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Paris metropolitan area, Paris, and London metropolitan area, London, and hosts more than half of South Korea's population. Although Seoul's population peaked at over 10 million, it has gradually decreased since 2014, standing at about 9.6 million residents as of 2024. Seoul is the seat of the Government of South Korea, South Korean government. Seoul's history traces back to 18 BC when it was founded by the people of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. During the Joseon dynasty, Seoul was officially designated as the capital, surrounded by the Fortress Wall of Seoul. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taft–Katsura Agreement
The , also known as the Taft-Katsura Memorandum, was a 1905 discussion between senior leaders of Japan and the United States regarding the positions of the two nations in greater East Asian affairs, especially regarding the status of Korea and the Philippines in the aftermath of Japan's victory during the Russo-Japanese War. The memorandum was not classified as a secret, but no scholar noticed it in the archives until 1924. The discussions were between William Howard Taft, then the United States Secretary of War and Count Katsura Tarō, the Japanese Prime Minister, on 27 July 1905. Katsura stated Japan's reasons for its making a protectorate of Korea and repeated that Japan had no interest in the Philippines, which the US had acquired after the defeat of Spain during the 1898 Spanish–American War. In 1924, Tyler Dennett was the first scholar to see the document and described it as containing "the text of perhaps the most remarkable 'executive agreement' in the history of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deoksugung
Deoksugung (), also called Deoksu Palace or Deoksugung Palace, is a former royal palace in Seoul, South Korea. It was the first main palace of the 1897–1910 Korean Empire and is now a major tourist attraction. It has a mix of traditional Korean and Western architecture that reflects its history. Inside the palace are the Daehan Empire History Museum and the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Deoksugung branch. The palace was first used as a temporary palace by King Seonjo during the 1592–1598 Imjin War, when the other palaces had been destroyed. In 1611, it was made an official palace named Gyeongungung (it was renamed "Deoksugung" in 1907). The palace then went largely unused until the late 19th century. In 1897, Gojong declared the creation of the Korean Empire and made Gyeongungung the empire's main palace. He attempted to make the palace a symbol of Korea's efforts to modernize. He rapidly expanded it by acquiring land from nearby properties and construct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legation
A legation was a diplomatic representative office of lower rank than an embassy. Where an embassy was headed by an ambassador, a legation was headed by a minister. Ambassadors outranked ministers and had precedence at official events. Legations were originally the most common form of diplomatic mission, but they fell out of favor after World War II and were upgraded to embassies. History Through the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century, most diplomatic missions were legations. An ambassador was considered the personal representative of their monarch, so only a major power that was a monarchy would send an ambassador, and only to another major power that was also a monarchy. A republic or a smaller monarchy would only send a minister and establish a legation. Because of diplomatic reciprocity, even a major monarchy would only establish a legation in a republic or a smaller monarchy. For example, in the waning years of the Second French Empire, the North Germa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yi Wan-yong
Yi Wanyong (; 17 July 1858 – 12 February 1926), also spelled Lee Wan-yong or Ye Wan-yong, was a Korean politician who served as the 7th Prime Minister of Korea. He is best remembered for signing the Eulsa Treaty and the Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty, which placed Korea under Japanese rule in 1910. Yi's name has since become a byword for Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan. Early life and education Yi Wanyong was born into the Ubong Yi clan () to a poor aristocratic family in 1858, but grew up with a lot of support after he became the adoptive son of Yi Ho-jun, who was a friend of Heungseon Daewongun and an in-law. He learned English and theology at Yookyoung Park, went to the United States to live as a diplomat, and returned to Korea to serve as a pro-Russian politician until the 1896 Agwan Pacheon incident, where King Gojong and his crown prince took refuge at the Russian legation in Seoul. As Japan grew stronger, he became a pro-Japanese politician. Yi was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gwon Jung-hyeon (politician)
Gwon Jung-hyeon ( November 27, 1854 – March 19, 1934), also spelled Kwon Jung-hyun, was an Imperial Korean Lieutenant General and Politician. He was the Minister of Justice from 1899 to 1910 and the Minister of Agriculture, Commerce and Industry from 1905 to 1910. He is best known for being one of the Five Eulsa Traitors who signed the Eulsa Treaty of 1905 which made the Korean Empire a protectorate of the Empire of Japan. Because of his involvement in the Treaty, he was an unpopular figure in Korea and faced an assassination attempt in 1907 by an assassination group led by . Biography Gwon was born on November 27, 1854, at Yeongdong County, Yeongdong. Having learned Japanese from an early age, he joined the Gaehwa Party which was a pro-Japanese political party. In 1883, he became the secretary of the Toei Supervisory Office, and then the secretary in Japan. In 1891 he became the Customs Officer at Incheon and was involved in the signing of the Austria–Korea Treaty of 1892 w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yi Geun-taek
Yi Geun-taek (; 30 September 1865 – 16 December 1919) was an official of Korean Empire who signed the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1905 as Minister of Military and became one of the Five Eulsa Traitors. He later became viscount after annexation of Korea. Biography Yi was born on 30 September 1865. From 1872, Yi was home schooled. When Empress Myeongseong refuged to Cheongju because of Imo Incident, Yi was known and after the incident he went to Seoul and passed military examination of Gwageo. After the Gojong's internal exile to the Russian legation, Yi was appointed as battalion leader of 3rd Qinwi battalion. For merit of dismissal of the Independence Club in October 1898, Yi was appointed as mayor of Seoul, Chief of Police. Later, Yi was Observer of North Hamgyong Province, member of Jungchuwon, and staff of Gyeongbu. In October 1901, Yi was appointed as Major General and commander of military police. In March 1902, Yi was the acting chief of Pyeongriwon. On 25 August 1902, Yi beca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Han Kyu-seol
Han Kyu-seol (; 29 February 1848 – 22 September 1930) was a prime minister of Korean Empire when the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 was signed. Han opposed the treaty, but failed to prevent it from being signed. Biography Han was born on 29 February 1848 in Seoul. In his youth, Han passed the Gwageo's military examination, and was appointed as the commander of army of the in Gyeongsang-right province. After serving at various posts, Han was appointed as Mayor of Seoul in 1887. Later in 1896, he was promoted to Minister of Law. When the Independence Club was formed, Han demonstrated favor for the liberal political party; he was appointed as the Speaker of the National Assembly when the People's Joint Association was at its peak. To soothe the disgruntled public after arresting 17 leaders of the Independence club, Emperor Gojong appointed Han as the chief judge of the court. Han delivered the arrested leaders light punishments. However as the Imperial government disbanded the In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scramble For Africa
The Scramble for Africa was the invasion, conquest, and colonialism, colonisation of most of Africa by seven Western European powers driven by the Second Industrial Revolution during the late 19th century and early 20th century in the era of "New Imperialism": Belgian colonial empire, Belgium, French colonial empire, France, German colonial empire, Germany, British Empire, United Kingdom, Italian Empire, Italy, Portuguese Empire, Portugal and Spanish Empire, Spain. In 1870, 10% of the continent was formally under European control. By 1914, this figure had risen to almost 90%; the only states retaining sovereignty were Liberia, Ethiopian Empire, Ethiopia, Egba United Government, Egba, Sultanate of Aussa, Aussa, Senusiyya, Mbunda Kingdom, Mbunda, the Dervish State, the Darfur Sultanate, and the Ovambo people#History, Ovambo kingdoms, most of which were later conquered. The 1884 Berlin Conference regulated European colonisation and trade in Africa, and is seen as emblematic of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gojong Of The Korean Empire
Gojong (; 8 September 1852 – 21 January 1919), personal name Yi Myeongbok (), later Yi Hui (), also known as the Gwangmu Emperor (), was the penultimate Korean monarch. He ruled Korea for 43 years, from 1864 to 1907, first as the last king of Joseon, and then as the first emperor of the Korean Empire from 1897 until his forced abdication in 1907. His wife, Queen Min (posthumously honored as Empress Myeongseong), played an active role in politics until her assassination carried out by the Japanese. Gojong oversaw the bulk of the Korean monarchy's final years. He was born into the ruling House of Yi, and was first crowned on 13 December 1863 at the age of twelve. His biological father, Grand Internal Prince Heungseon (widely known as Heungseon Daewongun), acted as regent until he reached the age of majority, although he continued holding power until 1874. At this time, Korea was under policies of strict isolationism. By contrast, Japan had been rapidly modernizing under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Envoy Extraordinary And Minister Plenipotentiary
An envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, usually known as a minister, was a diplomatic head of mission who was ranked below ambassador. A diplomatic mission headed by an envoy was known as a legation rather than an embassy. Under the system of diplomatic ranks established by the Congress of Vienna (1815), an envoy was a diplomat of the second class who had plenipotentiary powers, i.e., full authority to represent the government. However, envoys did not serve as the personal representative of their country's head of state. Until the first decades of the 20th century, most diplomatic missions were legations headed by diplomats of the envoy rank. Ambassadors were only exchanged between great powers, close allies, and related monarchies. After World War II it was no longer considered acceptable to treat some nations as inferior to others, given the United Nations doctrine of equality of sovereign states. The rank of envoy gradually became obsolete as countries upgraded th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Itō Hirobumi
Kazoku, Prince , born , was a Japanese statesman who served as the first prime minister of Japan from 1885 to 1888, and later from 1892 to 1896, in 1898, and from 1900 to 1901. He was a leading member of the ''genrō'', a group of senior statesmen that dictated policy during the Meiji era. Born into a poor farming family in the Chōshū Domain, Itō and his father were adopted into a low-ranking samurai family. After the opening of Japan in 1854, he joined the nationalist ''sonnō jōi'' movement before being sent to England to study at University College London in 1863. Following the Meiji Restoration of 1868, Itō was appointed the junior councilor for foreign affairs in the newly formed Empire of Japan. In 1870, he traveled to the United States to study Western currency, and subsequently helped establish Japan's taxation system in 1871. Itō then set off on another overseas trip with the Iwakura Mission to the U.S. and Europe. Upon his return to Japan in 1873, he became a f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
