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Japanese Dissidence During The Early Shōwa Period
Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan covers individual Japanese dissidents against the policies of the Empire of Japan. Dissidence in the Meiji and Taishō eras High Treason Incident Shūsui Kōtoku, a Japanese anarchist, was critical of imperialism. He would write ''Imperialism: The Specter of the Twentieth Century'' in 1901. In 1911, twelve people, including Kōtoku, were executed for their involvement in the High Treason Incident, a failed plot to assassinate Emperor Meiji. Also executed for involvement with the plot was Kanno Suga, an anarcho-feminist and former common-law wife of Kōtoku. Fumiko Kaneko and Park Yeol Fumiko Kaneko was a Japanese anarchist who lived in Japanese-occupied Korea. She, along with a Korean anarchist, Park Yeol, were accused of attempting to procure bombs from a Korean independence group in Shanghai. Both of them were charged with plotting to assassinate members of the Japanese imperial family. Commoners' Newspaper The (Com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uchiyama Gudō
was a Sōtō Zen Buddhist priest and anarcho-socialist activist executed in the High Treason Incident. He was one of few Buddhist leaders who spoke out against the Meiji government in its imperialist projects. Gudō was an outspoken advocate for redistributive land reform, overturning the Meiji emperor system, encouraging conscripts to desert en masse and advancing democratic rights for all. He criticized Zen leaders who claimed that low social position was justified by karma and who sold abbotships to the highest bidder. Biography Student, village priest and social activist Uchiyama Gudō learned the trade of carving wooden statues, including Buddhist statues and family altars, from his father. As a student, Uchiyama received a prefectural award for educational excellence and became influenced by Sakura Sōgorō. Uchiyama's father died when he was 16. Gudō was ordained as a Soto Zen priest in 1897 and became the abbot of Rinsenji temple amid the rural region of the Hako ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ōsugi Sakae
was a prominent Japanese anarchist who was jailed multiple times for his writings and activism. He was murdered alongside his partner, Itō Noe, in what became known as the Amakasu Incident. Biography Ōsugi was born on January 17, 1885. He was raised in Tokyo and Sendai. During Ōsugi's early youth, his father fought in the First Sino-Japanese War. As a teenager in military school, he was disciplined—likely for homosexual activity—and later expelled after a fight. In 1902, he returned to Tokyo. His mother died later that year. He began to experiment with Christianity, associate with the Heimin-sha socialist group, and attend foreign language school. After graduating from foreign language school, Ōsugi was arrested during a Tokyo trolley fare increase demonstration in 1906 and later released on bail. He married Hori Yasuko and became an Esperanto teacher. The same year, his writing began to attract attention. He edited ''Katei zasshi'' and was charged by the governm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1923 Great Kantō Earthquake
The 1923 Great Kantō earthquake (, or ) was a major earthquake that struck the Kantō Plain on the main Japanese island of Honshu at 11:58:32 JST (02:58:32 UTC) on Saturday, 1 September 1923. It had an approximate magnitude of 8.0 on the moment magnitude scale (Mw), with its epicenter located southwest of the capital Tokyo. The earthquake devastated Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, and surrounding prefectures of Kanagawa, Chiba, and Shizuoka, and caused widespread damage throughout the Kantō region. Fires, exacerbated by strong winds from a nearby typhoon, spread rapidly through the densely populated urban areas, accounting for the majority of the devastation and casualties. The death toll is estimated to have been between 105,000 and 142,000 people, including tens of thousands who went missing and were presumed dead. Over half of Tokyo and nearly all of Yokohama were destroyed, leaving approximately 2.5 million people homeless. The disaster triggered widespread social ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kantō Massacre
The was a mass murder in the Kantō region of Japan committed in the aftermath of the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. With the explicit and implicit approval of parts of the Japanese government, the Japanese military, police, and vigilantes murdered an estimated 6,000 people: mainly ethnic Koreans, but also Chinese and misidentified Japanese, and Japanese communists, socialists, and anarchists. The massacre began on the day of the earthquake, September 1, 1923, and continued for three weeks. A significant number of incidents occurred, including the Fukuda Village Incident. Meanwhile, government officials met and created a plan to suppress information about and minimize the scale of the killings. Beginning on September 18, the Japanese government arrested 735 participants in the massacre, but they were reportedly given light sentences. The Japanese Governor-General of Korea paid out 200 Japanese yen in compensation to 832 families of massacre victims, although the Japanese g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hirohito
, Posthumous name, posthumously honored as , was the 124th emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, from 25 December 1926 until Death and state funeral of Hirohito, his death in 1989. He remains Japan's longest-reigning emperor as well as one of the world's List of longest-reigning monarchs, longest-reigning monarchs. As emperor during the Shōwa era, Hirohito oversaw the rise of Japanese militarism, List of territories acquired by the Empire of Japan, Japan's expansionism in Asia, the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II, and the postwar Japanese economic miracle. Hirohito was born during the reign of his paternal grandfather, Emperor Meiji, as the first child of the Crown Prince Yoshihito and Crown Princess Sadako (later Emperor Taishō and Empress Teimei). When Emperor Meiji died in 1912, Hirohito's father ascended the throne, and Hirohito was proclaimed crown prince and heir apparent in 1916. In 1921, he made an official visit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daisuke Nanba
Daisuke Nanba (難波 大助, ''Nanba Daisuke,'' November 7, 1899 – November 15, 1924) was a Japanese student and member of the Japanese Communist Party who tried to assassinate the Crown Prince Regent Hirohito in the Toranomon incident on December 27, 1923. Family and early life Daisuke Nanba was born to a distinguished family. His grandfather was decorated by the Emperor Meiji. His father was a Member of the Imperial Diet until the act of his son forced him to resign. Before he was 21 years old, Nanba showed no signs of having any sympathy for left-wing radicals. To the contrary, he was considering becoming an officer in the Imperial Japanese Army. Political thought After 1919, a series of events radicalized Nanba. At school in Tokyo, he attended political lectures and demonstrated in support of the suffrage movement in 1920. As a result of his father's position, he had the chance to hear Prime Minister Hara Takashi's opposition to extending the franchise. Angry against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bangka Island
Bangka is an island lying east of Sumatra, Indonesia. It is administered under the province of the Bangka Belitung Islands, being one of its namesakes alongside the smaller island of Belitung across the Gaspar Strait. The 9th largest island in Indonesia, it had a population of 1,146,581 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,191,300.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.19) It is the location of the provincial capital of Pangkal Pinang, and is administratively divided into four regencies and a city. The island itself and the surrounding sea suffers considerable environmental damage from its thriving tin mining industry which operates on- and offshore. Geography Bangka is the largest landmass of the province of the Bangka Belitung Islands. It lies just east of Sumatra, separated by the Bangka Strait; to the north lies the South China Sea, to the east, across the Ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taisen Deshimaru
was a Japanese Sōtō Zen Buddhist teacher, who founded the ''Association Zen Internationale''. Biography Early life Born in the Saga Prefecture of Kyūshū, Deshimaru was raised by his grandfather, a former Samurai before the Meiji Revolution, and by his mother, a devout follower of the Jōdo Shinshū sect of Buddhism. Interested in the world, he abandoned his mother's practices and studied Christianity for a long while under a Protestant minister before ultimately deciding that it was not for him either. He returned to Buddhism and eventually came into contact with Rinzai teachings. Eventually, he also grew distant from Rinzai Buddhism and was unsatisfied by his life as a businessman. In 1935, when he was studying economics in Tokyo, Deshimaru began to practice under Sōtō Zen Master Kodo Sawaki. Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor, his master predicted that Japan would lose the war. When Deshimaru departed from his Master, Kodo said "Our homeland will be destroyed, our pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kōdō Sawaki
was a prominent Japanese Sōtō Zen teacher of the 20th century. He is considered to be one of the most significant Zen priests of his time for bringing Zen practice, in particular meditation, into the lives of laypeople and popularizing the ancient tradition of sewing the kesa. Biography Early Life Sawaki was born in Tsu, Mie on June 16, 1880. He was the sixth child but born into a happy and wealthy home. Both his parents died when he was young, his mother when he was four and his father three years later. Sawaki was then adopted by an aunt whose husband soon died. After this, Sawaki was raised by a lantern maker named Bunkichi Sawaki who had eleven wives and used Kodo for labor, turned the home into a gambling parlor at night, and beat him. When he was 9, one of his neighbors died at a brothel while with a much younger prostitute, and upon viewing the scene of the aftermath Sawaki stated it created an intense feeling of emptiness in him, more than his parents' deaths, and h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Zen
:''See also Zen for an overview of Zen, Chan Buddhism for the Chinese origins, and Sōtō, Rinzai school, Rinzai and Ōbaku for the three main schools of Zen in Japan'' Japanese Zen refers to the Japanese forms of Zen, Zen Buddhism, an originally Buddhism in China, Chinese Mahāyāna school of Buddhism that strongly emphasizes Dhyāna in Buddhism, dhyāna, the Meditation, meditative training of awareness and equanimity. This practice, according to Zen proponents, gives insight into one's Buddha-nature, true nature, or the Śūnyatā, emptiness of inherent existence, which opens the way to a enlightenment in Buddhism, liberated way of living. History Origins According to tradition, Zen originated in ancient India, when Gautama Buddha Flower Sermon, held up a flower and Mahākāśyapa smiled. With this smile he showed that he had understood the wordless essence of the dharma#Buddhism, dharma. This way the dharma was transmitted to Mahākāśyapa, the second patriarch of Z ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inoue Shūten
Inoue Shūten (井上秀天, 1880-1945) was a Japanese Zen Buddhist scholar and advocate for socialist and the anti-war activist from the Meiji period to the early Showa period.Shields, James Mark, "Zen Internationalism, Zen Revolution: Inoue Shūten, Uchiyama Gudō and the Crisis of (Zen) Buddhist Modernity in Late Meiji Japan" (2022). Faculty Contributions to Books. 262. https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/fac_books/262Moriya Tomoe 守屋友江. "Social Ethics of “New Buddhists” at the Turn of the Twentieth Century A Comparative Study of Suzuki Daisetsu and Inoue Shūten." Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 32/2: 283–304 © 2005 Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture. Life Inoue entered a Sōtō Zen temple at the age of nine and later studied Indian philosophy at Komazawa University. During his travels throughout south China, Ceylon, Burma, and India, he met Anagarika Dharmapala and was deeply influenced by the region's Theravāda Buddhist traditions. These exp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
