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Jagunço
A jagunço (), from the Portuguese ''zarguncho'' (a weapon of African origin, similar to a short lance or ''chuzo''), is an armed band or bodyguard, usually hired by plantation owners and "colonels" in the backlands of Brazil, especially in Northeastern Brazil. They were hired to protect their employer, big land owner, against invaders and feudal enemies, and also to control their slaves and indentured servants. Some farmers formed their own private militias with a number of heavily armed jagunços. There were also free-lancing or mercenary jagunços, who could be hired for temporary conflicts, as vigilantes, or for contract murders. Local folklore says that jagunços with yellow eyes were particularly fearsome and efficient. The term was later extended to name any kind of rural bandit or outlaw, such as the " cangaceiros" (of which Lampião is the most notorious example).Chandler, 2000. It was also applied as a pejorative term for the inhabitants of Canudos, a village founded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of Canudos
The War of Canudos (, , 1896–1897) was a conflict between the First Brazilian Republic and the residents of Canudos in the Northeast Region, Brazil, northeastern state of Bahia. It was waged in the aftermath of the Lei Áurea, abolition of slavery in Brazil (1888) and the Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil), overthrow of the monarchy (1889). The conflict arose from a Millenarianism, millenarian cult led by Antônio Conselheiro, who began attracting attention around 1874 by preaching spiritual salvation to the poor population of the ''sertão'', a region which suffered from severe droughts. Conselheiro and his followers came into conflict with the local authorities after founding the village of Canudos. The situation soon escalated, with Bahia's government requesting assistance from the Federal government of Brazil, federal government, who sent military expeditions against the settlement. Antônio Conselheiro and his followers were branded as "monarchists" by the press, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cangaço
''Cangaço'' () was a phenomenon of Northeast Brazil in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This region of Brazil is known for its aridness and hard way of life, and in a form of "social banditry" against the government, many men and women decided to become nomadic bandits, roaming the hinterlands seeking money, food, and revenge. Origin of the word By 1834, the term ''cangaceiro'' was already used to refer to bands of poor peasants who inhabited the northeastern deserts, wearing leather clothing and hats, carrying carbines, revolvers, shotguns, and the long narrow knife known as the . "Cangaceiro" was a pejorative expression, meaning a person who could not adapt himself to the coastal lifestyle. Types of banditry By the mid-19th century in that region, there were two main groups of loosely organized armed outlaws: the '' jagunços'', mercenaries who worked for whoever paid their price, usually land-owners who wanted to protect or expand their territorial limits and also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Rebels
Brazilian commonly refers to: * Brazil, a country * Brazilians, its people * Brazilian Portuguese, its dialect Brazilian may also refer to: * "The Brazilian", a 1986 instrumental music piece by Genesis * Brazilian Café, Baghdad, Iraq (1937) * Brazilian cuisine ** Churrasco, or Brazilian barbecue * Brazilian-cut bikini, a swimsuit revealing the buttocks * Brazilian waxing, a style of pubic hair removal * Mamelodi Sundowns F.C., a South African football club nicknamed ''The Brazilians'' See also * Brazil (other) * ''Brasileiro'', a 1992 album by Sergio Mendes * Brazilian jiu-jitsu, a martial art and combat sport system * Culture of Brazil * Football in Brazil Association football, Football is the most popular sport in Brazil and a prominent part of the country's national identity. The Brazil national football team has won the FIFA World Cup five times, the most of any team, in 1958 FIFA World Cup, ... {{Disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eric Hobsbawm
Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm (; 9 June 1917 – 1 October 2012) was a British historian of the rise of industrial capitalism, socialism and nationalism. His best-known works include his tetralogy about what he called the "long 19th century" (''The Age of Revolution: Europe 1789–1848'', ''The Age of Capital: 1848–1875'' and ''The Age of Empire: 1875–1914'') and the "short 20th century" (''The Age of Extremes''), and an edited volume that introduced the influential idea of "invented traditions". He was a life-long Marxist historiography, Marxist, and his socio-political convictions influenced the character of his work. Hobsbawm was born in Alexandria, Egypt, and spent his childhood mainly in Vienna and Berlin. Following the death of his parents and the rise to power of Adolf Hitler, Hobsbawm moved to London with his adoptive family. After serving in the Second World War, he obtained his PhD in history at the University of Cambridge. In 1998, he was appointed to the Order of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Devil To Pay In The Backlands
''The Devil to Pay in the Backlands'' (, "Great Backlands: Paths"; also translated as ''The Great Backlands and Their Paths'') is a novel published in 1956 by the Brazilian writer João Guimarães Rosa. The original title refers to the ''veredas'', which are small paths through wetlands usually located at higher altitudes characterized by the presence of grasses and ''buritizais'', groups of the buriti palm-tree (''Mauritia flexuosa''), that criss-cross the Sertão region in northern Minas Gerais as a labyrinthine net where an outsider can easily get lost, and where there is no single way to a certain place, since all paths interconnect in such a way that any road can lead anywhere. The English title refers to a later episode in the book involving an attempt to make a deal with the Devil. Most of the book's spirit is, however, lost in translation, as the Portuguese original is written in a register that is both archaic and colloquial, as well as full of the author's remark ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahia
Bahia () is one of the 26 Federative units of Brazil, states of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast Region of the country. It is the fourth-largest Brazilian state by population (after São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro) and the 5th-largest by area. Bahia's capital is the city of Salvador, Bahia, Salvador (formerly known as "Cidade do São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos", literally "City of the Holy Savior of the Bay of All the Saints"), on a Spit (landform), spit of land separating the Bay of All Saints from the Atlantic. Once a stronghold of supporters of direct rule of Brazil by the Portuguese monarchy, and dominated by Agriculture in Brazil, agricultural, Slavery in Brazil, slaving, and ranching interests, Bahia is now a predominantly Working class, working-class industrial and agricultural state. The state is home to 7% of the Brazilian population and produces 4.2% of the country's GDP. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antônio Conselheiro
Antônio Conselheiro, in English "Anthony the Counselor", real name Antônio Vicente Mendes Maciel (March 13, 1830 – September 22, 1897), was a Brazilian religious leader, preacher and founder of the village of Canudos, the scene of the War of Canudos (1896–1897), a civil rebellion against the central government which was brutally stamped out with the loss of more than 25,000 lives. Biography Early life Born in Quixeramobim, Antônio Maciel was the son of Maria Joaquina de Jesus and Vicente Mendes Maciel, who headed a moderately successful business in the sertão ("backlands"), the semi-arid zone of the Brazilian Northeast. His infancy was marked by a bloody feud with the powerful family of the Araújos, causing many deaths in both families, following the tragic cycle of vengeance and honour which were so common in these regions. After the death of his mother in 1834, his father married again, and Antônio and his two sisters suffered with the father's alcoholism and maltr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Messianic Complex
The messiah complex is a mental state in which a person believes they are a messiah or prophet and will save or redeem people in a religious endeavour. The term can also refer to a state of mind in which an individual believes that they are responsible for saving others. Religious delusion The term ''messiah complex'' is not addressed in the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (DSM), as it is not a clinical term nor diagnosable disorder. However, the symptoms as a proposed disorder closely resemble those found in individuals with delusions of grandeur or with grandiose self-images that veer towards the delusional. An account specifically identified it as a category of religious delusion, which pertains to strong fixed beliefs that cause distress or disability. It is the type of religious delusion that is classified as grandiose while the other two categories are persecutory and belittled. According to philosopher Antony Flew, an example of this type of delu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mysticism
Mysticism is popularly known as becoming one with God or the Absolute (philosophy), Absolute, but may refer to any kind of Religious ecstasy, ecstasy or altered state of consciousness which is given a religious or Spirituality, spiritual meaning. It may also refer to the attainment of insight in ultimate or hidden truths, and to human transformation supported by various practices and experiences. The term "mysticism" has Ancient Greek origins with various historically determined meanings. Derived from the Greek language, Greek word μύω ''múō'', meaning "to close" or "to conceal", mysticism came to refer to the biblical, liturgical (and sacramental), spiritual, and Christian contemplation, contemplative dimensions of early and medieval Christianity. During the early modern period, the definition of mysticism grew to include a broad range of beliefs and ideologies related to "extraordinary experiences and states of mind". In modern times, "mysticism" has acquired a limited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canudos
Canudos is a municipality in the northeast region of Bahia, Brazil. The original town, since flooded by the Cocorobó Dam, was the scene of violent clashes between peasants and republican police in the 1890s. The municipality contains part of the Raso da Catarina ecoregion. History The town of Canudos was founded in the racially diverse Bahia state of northeastern Brazil in 1893 by Antônio Vicente Mendes Maciel, an itinerant preacher from Ceara. Mendes Maciel had been wandering through the backroads and lesser-inhabited areas of the country from the 1870s onwards, followed by a band of loyal supporters. As his following swelled, he took on the name Antônio Conselheiro (''Antônio the Counselor'') and increasingly began to trouble the local authorities, who saw him as a Monarchist and thus a threat to their legitimacy. Settlement In 1893, following a protest over taxation and a violent melee with the police forces in Masseté, Conselheiro and his band settled on an aband ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lampião
"Captain" Virgulino Ferreira da Silva (; 7 June 1897 – 28 July 1938), better known as Lampião (older spelling: ''Lampeão'', , meaning "lantern" or "oil lamp"), was probably the most successful traditional Brazilian bandit leader of the 20th century. The banditry endemic to the Northeast of Brazil was called ''Cangaço''. ''Cangaço'' had origins in the late 19th century but was particularly prevalent in the 1920s and 1930s. Lampião led a band of up to 100 ''cangaceiros'', who occasionally took over small towns and who fought a number of successful actions against paramilitary police when heavily outnumbered. Lampião's exploits and reputation turned him into a folk hero, the Brazilian equivalent of Jesse James or Pancho Villa. His image, as well as that of his partner Maria Bonita, can be seen across the entirety of the Northeast of Brazil. Biography Early life Virgulino was born on June 7, 1897, near the village of Serra Talhada, on his father's 'ranch' named ''Passagem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
