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Jacek Bocheński
Jacek Bocheński (; born 29 July 1926) is a Polish writer, author of ''The Roman Trilogy'' (''Divine Julius, Naso the Poet, Tiberius Caesar''); an opposition figure in communist Poland and a leading figure in Polish literary circles. His literary work is characterized by frequent references to Roman Antiquity and its projection on the moral and political dilemmas of the modern world. In addition, it raises issues such as opposition to authoritarian power, and the place of the individual in the modern world and in history. The style of his prose, noted for its beauty, is often experimental, involving the blending of narrative fiction and essay, indirect speech, blurring of identities, and frequent switching between times and places of action, lending it to multiple levels of interpretation. Biography Bocheński was born in Lviv on 29 July 1926. He made his debut with a poem in the weekly Odrodzenie" in 1944. Member of the Polish communist party 1948–1966, he was expelled from i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communism In Poland
Communism in Poland can trace its origins to the late 19th century: the Marxist First Proletariat party was founded in 1882. Rosa Luxemburg (1871–1919) of the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (''Socjaldemokracja Królestwa Polskiego i Litwy'', SDKPiL) party and the publicist Stanisław Brzozowski (1878–1911) were important early Polish Marxists. During the interwar period in the Second Polish Republic, some socialists formed the Communist Party of Poland (''Komunistyczna Partia Polski'', KPP). Most of the KPP's leaders and activists perished in the Soviet Union during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge in the 1930s, and the party was abolished by the Communist International (Comintern) in 1938. Second World War In 1939, World War II began and Poland was conquered by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. The government of the Polish Republic went into exile. In 1942, Polish communists backed by the Soviet Union in German-occupied Poland established a new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martial Law In Poland
Martial law in Poland () existed between 13 December 1981 and 22 July 1983. The Polish United Workers' Party, government of the Polish People's Republic drastically restricted everyday life by introducing martial law and a military junta in an attempt to counter political opposition, in particular the Solidarity (Polish trade union), Solidarity movement. Since the late 1970s, Poland had been in a deep economic recession. Edward Gierek, First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR), had obtained a series of large loans from foreign creditors to achieve better economic output. This instead resulted in a domestic crisis. Essential goods were heavily rationing, rationed, which acted as a stimulus to establishing the first anticommunist trade union in the Eastern Bloc, known as Solidarity (), in 1980. Gierek, who permitted the trade union to appear per the Gdańsk Agreement, was dismissed from his post less than a month later and confined to house arrest. Following countl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Living People
Purpose: Because living persons may suffer personal harm from inappropriate information, we should watch their articles carefully. By adding an article to this category, it marks them with a notice about sources whenever someone tries to edit them, to remind them of WP:BLP (biographies of living persons) policy that these articles must maintain a neutral point of view, maintain factual accuracy, and be properly sourced. Recent changes to these articles are listed on Special:RecentChangesLinked/Living people. Organization: This category should not be sub-categorized. Entries are generally sorted by family name In many societies, a surname, family name, or last name is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a given name to form the full name of a person, although several give .... Maintenance: Individuals of advanced age (over 90), for whom there has been no new documentation in the last ten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1926 Births
In Turkey, the year technically contained only 352 days. As Friday, December 18, 1926 ''(Julian Calendar)'' was followed by Saturday, January 1, 1927 '' (Gregorian Calendar)''. 13 days were dropped to make the switch. Turkey thus became the last country to officially adopt the Gregorian Calendar, which ended the 344-year calendrical switch around the world that took place in October, 1582 by virtue of the Papal Bull made by Pope Gregory XIII. Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Ibn Saud is crowned ruler of the Kingdom of Hejaz. ** Crown Prince Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thuy ascends the throne as Bảo Đại, the last monarch of the Nguyễn dynasty of the Kingdom of Vietnam. * January 16 – A British Broadcasting Company radio play by Ronald Knox about workers' revolution in London causes a panic among those who have not heard the preliminary announcement that it is a satire on broadcasting. * January 21 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Polonia Restituta
The Order of Polonia Restituta (, ) is a Polish state decoration, state Order (decoration), order established 4 February 1921. It is conferred on both military and civilians as well as on alien (law), foreigners for outstanding achievements in the fields of education, science, sport, culture, art, economics, national security, national defense, social work, civil service, or for furthering good relations between countries. It is Poland's second-highest civilian state award in the order of precedence, behind the Order of the White Eagle (Poland), Order of the White Eagle. The Order of Polonia Restituta is sometimes regarded as Poland's successor to the ''Order of the Knights of Saint Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr'', known as the Order of Saint Stanislaus, established in 1765 by Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last King of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, to honor supporters of the Polish crown. History When Poland regained its independence from the German Empire, Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society Of Authors ZAiKS
The Society of Authors ZAiKS (, where the acronym stands for the Society′s original founding name, ''Society of Authors and Stage Composers'', or ''ZAiKS''), established 1918, was for many years the sole legal Polish copyright collective, and has remained the dominant one, following the loss of its ''de facto'' government-granted monopoly in 1995 as a result of entry into force of the new copyright law of Poland. It is a member of Bureau International de l'Edition Mecanique, BIEM, Confédération Internationale des Sociétés d'Auteurs et Compositeurs, CISAC and European Grouping of Societies of Authors and Composers, GESAC. Its headquarters are located in Warsaw at the ″House Under the Kings″, the former seat of the Załuski Library. The organization represents artists and composers with the mission of "defending their copyright rights". It has been subject to some criticism, for example for claiming rights to collect royalties for artists who are not its members, as wel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
