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IpDTL
ipDTL is an IP codec which runs in a web browser, used for remote broadcasts in television, radio, and voice-over. It serves as a replacement for and is compatible with older ISDN audio codecs. Developed by former BBC sound engineer Kevin Leach, ipDTL uses the open-source codec OPUS and operates within web browsers, specifically Blink-based browsers like Google Chrome or Opera. History ipDTL was invented by former BBC sound engineer Kevin Leach and uses the open-source codec OPUS since it first became available in the Google Chrome web browser. It enables higher audio quality than ISDN by accessing a website through a web browser. Audio quality of 72 kbit/s mono for voice contributors, 320 kbit/s for outside broadcasts with music, and 3 Mbit/s video at 1080p for video contributions on TV programs are possible. This technology was launched in 2013. Overview ipDTL uses WebRTC and Web audio technologies. It is designed primarily for Blink-based browsers like Google Chrome or Op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IP Codec
IP codecs are used to send video or audio signals over an IP network such as the Internet. The initials "IP" here stand for "Internet Protocol", while the term "codec" is short for "encoder/decoder" or "compressor/decompressor". IP video codecs IP video codecs are used widely in security and broadcast applications to send video between two locations. Video codecs use compression algorithms to send good video quality at substantially lower bit rates than uncompressed signals. Broadcast applications often use MPEG-2 and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standards for video compression. The EBU is working on a minimum set of common standards for real-time video over IP transmissions. The recommended standards and protocols are designed to ensure compatibility between different codecs and provide adequate high quality transmissions. IP audio codecs IP audio codecs are used to send broadcast quality audio over IP from remote broadcast In broadcast engineering, a remote broadcast (usually just ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codec
A codec is a device or computer program that encodes or decodes a data stream or signal. ''Codec'' is a portmanteau of coder/decoder. In electronic communications, an endec is a device that acts as both an encoder and a decoder on a signal or data stream, and hence is a type of codec. ''Endec'' is a portmanteau of encoder/decoder. A coder or encoder encodes a data stream or a signal for transmission or storage, possibly in encrypted form, and the decoder function reverses the encoding for playback or editing. Codecs are used in videoconferencing, streaming media, and video editing applications. History In the mid-20th century, a codec was a device that coded analog signals into digital form using pulse-code modulation (PCM). Later, the name was also applied to software for converting between digital signal formats, including companding functions. Examples An audio codec converts analog audio signals into digital signals for transmission or encodes them for storage. A r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Audio Over IP
Audio over IP (AoIP) is the distribution of digital audio across an IP network such as the Internet. It is used increasingly to provide high-quality audio feeds over long distances. The application is also known as audio contribution over IP (ACIP) in reference to the programming contributions made by field reporters and remote events. Audio quality and latency are key issues for contribution links. In the past, these links have made use of ISDN services but these have become increasingly difficult or expensive to obtain. Many proprietary systems came into existence for transporting high-quality audio over IP based on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP). An interoperable standard for audio over IP using RTP has been published by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Within a single building or music venue, audio over Ethernet is more likely to be used instead, avoiding audio data compression and, in some cases, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interoperability
Interoperability is a characteristic of a product or system to work with other products or systems. While the term was initially defined for information technology or systems engineering services to allow for information exchange, a broader definition takes into account social, political, and organizational factors that impact system-to-system performance. Types of interoperability include syntactic interoperability, where two systems can communicate with each other, and cross-domain interoperability, where multiple organizations work together and exchange information. Types If two or more systems use common data formats and communication protocols and are capable of communicating with each other, they exhibit ''syntactic interoperability''. XML and SQL are examples of common data formats and protocols. Lower-level data formats also contribute to syntactic interoperability, ensuring that alphabetical characters are stored in the same ASCII or a Unicode format in all the comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comrex
Comrex is an American corporation that designs and manufactures equipment for radio and television broadcasting. Beginnings Comrex was founded in 1961 by John Cheney, a broadcast engineer. His mission, as outlined in Comrex's inaugural press release, is "to apply advanced state of the art knowledge and techniques to the production of high quality, practical equipment which can be operated by non-technical personnel.” Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Comrex developed audio products for the television market: * 1968 – Cheney develops Models 7035 and 7040, receivers for wireless microphone systems. * 1973 – The 450 RA/TA wireless microphone system, designed for TV news, is the first to enable reporters to move more than 1000 feet from the camera. * 1975 – The Comrex wireless cue system, composed of the CTA cue transmitter and the CRA (now LPQRA) receiver, enables field reporters and producers to hear production audio and instructions, without a wired connection to a news ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Session Initiation Protocol
The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol used for initiating, maintaining, and terminating communication sessions that include voice, video and messaging applications. SIP is used in Internet telephony, in private IP telephone systems, as well as mobile phone calling over LTE (VoLTE). The protocol defines the specific format of messages exchanged and the sequence of communications for cooperation of the participants. SIP is a text-based protocol, incorporating many elements of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). A call established with SIP may consist of multiple media streams, but no separate streams are required for applications, such as text messaging, that exchange data as payload in the SIP message. SIP works in conjunction with several other protocols that specify and carry the session media. Most commonly, media type and parameter negotiation and media setup are performed with the Session Descripti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Signaling (telecommunications)
In telecommunication, signaling is the use of signals for controlling communications. This may constitute an information exchange concerning the establishment and control of a telecommunication circuit and the management of the network. Classification Signaling systems may be classified based on several principal characteristics. In-band and out-of-band signaling In the public switched telephone network (PSTN), in-band signaling is the exchange of call control information within the same physical channel, or within the same frequency band, that the telephone call itself is using. An example is dual-tone multi-frequency signaling (DTMF), which is used on most telephone lines to customer premises. Out-of-band signaling is telecommunication signaling on a dedicated channel separate from that used for the telephone call. Out-of-band signaling has been used since Signaling System No. 6 (SS6) was introduced in the 1970s, and also in Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) in 1980 which becam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traversal Using Relays Around NAT
Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) is a Communications protocol, protocol that assists in traversal of network address translators (NAT) or Firewall (networking), firewalls for multimedia applications. It may be used with the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). It is most useful for clients on networks masqueraded by symmetric NAT devices. TURN does not aid in running Server (computing), servers on well known ports in the private network through a NAT; it supports the connection of a user behind a NAT to only a single peer, as in telephony, for example. TURN is specified by . The TURN URI scheme is documented in {{IETF RFC, 7065. Introduction NATs, while providing benefits, also come with drawbacks. The most troublesome of those drawbacks is the fact that they break many existing IP applications, and make it difficult to deploy new ones. Guidelines have been developed that describe how to build "NAT friendly" protocols, but many protocols ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Datagram Transport Layer Security
Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) is a communications protocol providing security to datagram-based applications by allowing them to communicate in a way designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, or message forgery. The DTLS protocol is based on the stream-oriented Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol and is intended to provide similar security guarantees. The DTLS protocol datagram preserves the semantics of the underlying transport—the application does not suffer from the delays associated with stream protocols, but because it uses UDP or SCTP, the application has to deal with packet reordering, loss of datagram and data larger than the size of a datagram network packet. Because DTLS uses UDP or SCTP rather than TCP, it avoids the "TCP meltdown problem", when being used to create a VPN tunnel. Definition The following documents define DTLS: * for use with User Datagram Protocol (UDP), * for use with Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP), * for use wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Point-to-point (telecommunications)
In telecommunications, a point-to-point connection refers to a communications connection between two communication endpoints or nodes. An example is a telephone call, in which one telephone is connected with one other, and what is said by one caller can only be heard by the other. This is contrasted with a '' point-to-multipoint'' or ''broadcast'' connection, in which many nodes can receive information transmitted by one node. Other examples of point-to-point communications links are leased lines and microwave radio relay. The term is also used in computer networking and computer architecture to refer to a wire or other connection that links only two computers or circuits, as opposed to other network topologies such as buses or crossbar switches which can connect many communications devices. ''Point-to-point'' is sometimes abbreviated as '' P2P''. This usage of ''P2P'' is distinct from ''P2P'' meaning ''peer-to-peer'' in the context of file sharing networks or other data-s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opera (Web Browser)
Opera is a multi-platform web browser developed by its namesake company Opera. The browser is based on Chromium, but distinguishes itself from other Chromium-based browsers ( Chrome, Edge, etc.) through its user interface and other features. Opera was initially released on 10 April 1995, making it one of the oldest desktop web browsers still actively developed. It was commercial software for its first ten years and had its own proprietary layout engine, Presto. In 2013, it switched from the Presto engine to Chromium. Opera is available on Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS (Safari WebKit engine). There are also mobile versions called Opera Mobile and Opera Mini. Opera users also have access to Opera News, a news app based on an AI platform. The company released a gaming-oriented version of the browser, Opera GX, in 2019, and a blockchain-focused Opera Crypto Browser into public beta in January 2022. History In 1994, Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner and Geir Ivars� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Web Browser
A web browser is application software for accessing websites. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the browser retrieves its files from a web server and then displays the page on the user's screen. Browsers are used on a range of devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. In 2020, an estimated 4.9 billion people used a browser. The most used browser is Google Chrome, with a 65% global market share on all devices, followed by Safari with 18%. A web browser is not the same thing as a search engine, though the two are often confused. A search engine is a website that provides links to other websites. However, to connect to a website's server and display its web pages, a user must have a web browser installed. In some technical contexts, browsers are referred to as user agents. Function The purpose of a web browser is to fetch content from the World Wide Web or from local storage and display it on a user's device. This proce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
