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Irish Republican Army–Abwehr Collaboration
The Irish Republican Army (1922–1969), Irish Republican Army (IRA), a paramilitary group seeking to remove Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom and unify Ireland, shared intelligence with the ''Abwehr'', the military intelligence service of Nazi Germany, during the World War II, Second World War. Context Conquest of Ireland was not a strategic goal for Nazi Germany before or during World War II. A plan existed for a potential invasion of Ireland, Operation Green (Ireland), Operation Green, but it was more a diversionary tactic than an actual plot to take over the territory. What Nazi Germany hoped was to see Ireland remain Neutral country, neutral. When German attempts to gain air superiority over Great Britain as part of the Battle of Britain, seen as a potential precursor to Operation Sea Lion, were repulsed Ireland largely ceased to be of much interest. IRA-''Abwehr'' involvement throughout the period can be broken up into three phases: * Coordination missions with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) of 1922–1969 was a sub-group of the original pre-1922 Irish Republican Army (1919–1922), Irish Republican Army, characterised as the Anti-Treaty IRA for its opposition to the Anglo-Irish Treaty. It existed in various forms until 1969, when the IRA split again into the Provisional Irish Republican Army, Provisional IRA and Official Irish Republican Army, Official IRA. The original Irish Republican Army fought a guerrilla war against British rule in Ireland in the Irish War of Independence between 1919 and 1921. The Anglo-Irish Treaty signed on 6 December 1921 ended this war by granting most of the island a great degree of independence, but with six counties in the north staying within the United Kingdom as the new jurisdiction of Northern Ireland. The IRA units in the other 26 counties (that were to become the Irish Free State) split between supporters and opponents of the Treaty. The anti-Treatyites, sometimes referred to by National Army (Ire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Irish War
The Irish War of Independence (), also known as the Anglo-Irish War, was a guerrilla war fought in Ireland from 1919 to 1921 between the Irish Republican Army (IRA, the army of the Irish Republic) and British forces: the British Army, along with the quasi-military Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) and its paramilitary forces the Auxiliaries and Ulster Special Constabulary (USC). It was part of the Irish revolutionary period. In April 1916, Irish republicans launched the Easter Rising against British rule and proclaimed an Irish Republic. Although it was defeated after a week of fighting, the Rising and the British response led to greater popular support for Irish independence. In the December 1918 election, republican party Sinn Féin won a landslide victory in Ireland. On 21 January 1919 they formed a breakaway government (Dáil Éireann) and declared Irish independence. That day, two RIC officers were killed in the Soloheadbeg ambush by IRA volunteers acting on their own i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Carl Marwede
Friedrich may refer to: Names *Friedrich (given name), people with the given name ''Friedrich'' *Friedrich (surname), people with the surname ''Friedrich'' Other *Friedrich (board game), a board game about Frederick the Great and the Seven Years' War * ''Friedrich'' (novel), a novel about anti-semitism written by Hans Peter Richter *Friedrich Air Conditioning, a company manufacturing air conditioning and purifying products *, a German cargo ship in service 1941-45 See also *Friedrichs (other) *Frederick (other) *Nikolaus Friedreich Nikolaus Friedreich (1 July 1825 in Würzburg – 6 July 1882 in Heidelberg) was a German pathologist and neurologist, and a third generation physician in the Friedreich family. His father was psychiatrist Johann Baptist Friedreich (1796–18 ... {{disambig ja:フリードリヒ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hauptmann
() is an officer rank in the armies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. It is usually translated as ''captain''. Background While in contemporary German means 'main', it also has, and originally had, the meaning of 'head', i.e. ' literally translates to 'head-man', which is also the etymological root of ''captain'' (from Latin , 'head'). This rank is equivalent to the rank of captain in the British and US Armies, and is rated OF-2 in NATO. : Currently, there is no female form within the German military (such as ''Hauptfrau''): the correct form of address is "''Frau Hauptmann''." More generally, a Hauptmann can be the head of any hierarchically structured group of people, often as a compound word. For example, a is the captain of a fire brigade, while refers to the leader of a gang of robbers. Official Austrian and German titles incorporating the word include , , , and . In Saxony during the Weimar Republic, the titles of , and were held by senior civil servants. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oscar C
Oscar, OSCAR, or The Oscar may refer to: People and fictional and mythical characters * Oscar (given name), including lists of people and fictional characters named Oscar, Óscar or Oskar * Oscar (footballer, born 1954), Brazilian footballer José Oscar Bernardi * Oscar (footballer, born 1991), Brazilian footballer Oscar dos Santos Emboaba Júnior * Oscar (Irish mythology), son of Oisín and grandson of Finn mac Cumhall Places in the United States * Oscar, Kentucky, an unincorporated community * Oscar, Louisiana, an unincorporated community * Oscar, Missouri, an unincorporated community * Oscar, Oklahoma, an unincorporated community * Oscar, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * Oscar, Texas, an unincorporated community * Oscar, West Virginia, an unincorporated community * Oscar Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota, a civil township * Lake Oscar (other) Animals * Oscar (bionic cat), a cat that had implants after losing both hind paws * Oscar (bull ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutscher Fichte-Bund
The Deutscher Fichte-Bund ''(German Fichte Federation)'', often just called Fichte-Bund, was a German propaganda agency based in Hamburg. It was founded on 29 January 1914 as the "Reichsbund für Deutschtumsarbeit" ''(Reich Federation for German Studies)'' by Heinrich Kessemeier and named after the philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte, a founder of the German Idealist movement. Later it was under the directorship of Heinrich's son Theodore Kessemeier. Carter, Carolle J. (1977''The Shamrock and the Swastika: German Espionage in Ireland in World War II''.Palo Alto: Pacific Books. p. 102. Goals According to a Danish memorandum that existed in the Nuremberg trial against the chief war criminals, the Fichte-Bund was directly subordinate to the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda during the Third Reich and tried to systematically influence public opinion in favor of the National Socialism. In this memorandum, the goals of the Fichte Federation for the period after 1933 a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamburg
Hamburg (, ; ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,. is the List of cities in Germany by population, second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 7th-largest in the European Union with a population of over 1.9 million. The Hamburg Metropolitan Region has a population of over 5.1 million and is the List of EU metropolitan areas by GDP, eighth-largest metropolitan region by GDP in the European Union. At the southern tip of the Jutland Peninsula, Hamburg stands on the branching River Elbe at the head of a estuary to the North Sea, on the mouth of the Alster and Bille (Elbe), Bille. Hamburg is one of Germany's three city-states alongside Berlin and Bremen (state), Bremen, and is surrounded by Schleswig-Holstein to the north and Lower Saxony to the south. The Port of Hamburg is Germany's largest and Europe's List of busiest ports in Europe, third-largest, after Port of Rotterdam, Rotterda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Hempel
Eduard Hempel (6 June, 1887 - 12 November, 1972) was a German diplomat. He was the representative of Nazi Germany to Ireland between 1937 and 1945, in the build-up to and during The Emergency in Second World War. When appointed to the post, Hempel was not a Nazi Party member. However, the Nazi regime soon put him under pressure to join the party, which occurred on 1 July 1938. Technically his new role accorded with the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs request that the person chosen not be a Nazi. Early life Eduard Hempel was the son of a Privy Governing Councillor. He attended the gymnasium (grammar school) in Bautzen and the Fridericianum in Davos and graduated from high school in Wertheim. He completed a law degree from the University of Leipzig. Following compulsory military service, he joined the judicial service of Kingdom of Saxony but was conscripted at the start of World War I. During the war, he served as a lieutenant on the administrative staff, including in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Con Lehane (IRA)
Con Lehane (7 May 1912 – 18 September 1983) was a left-wing nationalist, a 1930s member of the IRA Army Council, solicitor, actor and politician. Background Lehane was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland on 7 May 1912, the only surviving child of Denis Lehane, an excise officer originally from County Cork, and his wife Mary (née Connolly), a native of the Falls Road, Belfast. He grew up in an Irish-speaking household. Joseph Connolly the senator was his uncle on his mother's side, while Michael O'Lehane the trade unionist was his uncle on his father's side. His family emigrated to Hartlepool in 1912 and then to Dublin in 1920. He was educated at Synge Street CBS and University College Dublin, where he studied law. He qualified as a solicitor. He married Marie O'Neill in 1937, and they had a son and two daughters. As a solicitor, he took to defending members of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) in the Irish Courts. He was active in other Republican and Nationalist circles: he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John MacBride
John MacBride (sometimes written John McBride; ; 7 May 1868 – 5 May 1916) was an Irish republican and military leader. He was executed by the British government for his participation in the 1916 Easter Rising in Dublin. Early life John MacBride was born at The Quay, Westport, County Mayo, Ireland, to Patrick MacBride, a shopkeeper and trader, and the former Honoria Gill, who survived her son.John MacBride . The National Library of Ireland. Retrieved on 23 September 2007. A plaque marks the building on the Westport Quays where he was born (now the Helm Bar and Restaurant). He was educated at the Christian Brothers' School, Westport, and at [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seán MacBride
Seán MacBride (26 January 1904 – 15 January 1988) was an Irish Republican activist, politician, and diplomat who served as Minister for External Affairs from 1948 to 1951, Leader of Clann na Poblachta from 1946 to 1965 and Chief of Staff of the IRA from 1936 to 1937. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1947 to 1957. Rising from a domestic Irish political career, he founded or participated in multiple international organisations of the 20th century, including the United Nations, the Council of Europe and Amnesty International. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1974, the Lenin Peace Prize for 1975–1976 and the UNESCO Silver Medal for Service in 1980. Early life MacBride was born in Paris in 1904, the son of Maud Gonne and Major John MacBride.Saturday Evening Post; 23 April 1949, Vol. 221 Issue 43, pp. 31–174, 5p As a founding member of Inghinidhe na hÉireann and Cumann na mBan, his mother was to become a prominent figure in Irish nationalist and republican c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seán Russell
Seán Russell (13 October 1893 – 14 August 1940) was an Irish republican who participated in the Easter Rising of 1916, held senior positions in the Irish Republican Army during the Irish War of Independence and Irish Civil War, and was Chief of Staff of the IRA from 1938 to April 1939 upon the onset of World War II. It was under Russell's leadership that the IRA began the Sabotage Campaign, in which the group began bombing civil, economic and military infrastructure in the United Kingdom, primarily England, between 1939 and 1940. In the same period, Russell actively collaborated with Nazi Germany; in early 1940 he travelled to Germany, where he personally met with German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop and spent three months training in the use of explosives. In August 1940 Russell was to return to Ireland as part of a joint IRA/German plan entitled Operation Dove, however, Russell died aboard a Kriegsmarine U-boat transporting him home following a sudden stomach il ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
