|
Iraqi Civil War (2006–2008)
The Iraqi civil war was an civil war, armed conflict from 2006 to 2008 between various sectarian Shia Islam, Shia and Sunni Islam, Sunni armed groups, such as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Mahdi Army, in addition to the Federal government of Iraq, Iraqi government alongside Multi-National Force – Iraq, American-led coalition forces. In February 2006, the 2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency, insurgency against the coalition and government escalated into a Sectarianism, sectarian civil war after Al-Askari Shrine bombing (2006), the bombing of Al-Askari Shrine, considered a holy site in Twelver Shi'ism. US President George W. Bush and Iraqi officials accused Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) of orchestrating the bombing. AQI publicly denied any links. The incident set off a wave of attacks on Sunni civilians by Shia militants, followed by attacks on Shia civilians by Sunni militants. The UN secretary-general, UN Secretary General stated in September 2006 that if patterns of discor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraq War
The Iraq War (), also referred to as the Second Gulf War, was a prolonged conflict in Iraq lasting from 2003 to 2011. It began with 2003 invasion of Iraq, the invasion by a Multi-National Force – Iraq, United States-led coalition, which resulted in the overthrow of the Ba'athist Iraq, Ba'athist government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict persisted Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011), as an insurgency arose against coalition forces and the newly established Iraqi government. US forces Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011), were officially withdrawn in 2011. In 2014, the US became re-engaged in Iraq, leading a new coalition under Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve, as the conflict evolved into the ongoing Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present), Islamic State insurgency. The Iraq invasion was part of the Presidency of George W. Bush, Bush administration's broader war on terror, launched in response to the September 11 attacks. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peshmerga
The Peshmerga () are the internal security forces of Kurdistan Region. According to the Constitution of Iraq, regional governments are responsible for "the establishment and organization of the internal security forces for the region such as police, security forces, and guards of the region". Other Kurdish security agencies include the Zêrevanî (gendarmerie), Asayish ( security and counterterrorism service), and the '' Parastin û Zanyarî'' (intelligence agency). The Peshmerga's history dates back to the 18th century, when they began as a tribal paramilitary border guard under the Ottoman Turks and the Safavid Kurds. By the 19th century, they had evolved into a disciplined and well-trained guerrilla force. Formally, the Peshmerga are under the command of the Ministry of Peshmerga Affairs of the Kurdistan Regional Government. In practice, however, the Peshmerga's structure is largely divided and controlled separately by the two Iraqi Kurdish political parties: the Democr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ansar Al-Sunna
Jamaat Ansar al-Sunnah (), also known as Jaish Ansar al-Sunna ('Army of the Helpers of Sunnah'), Ali ibn Abi Talib Battalion or simply as Ansar al-Sunnah was an Iraqi Sunni insurgent group that fought against United States troops and their local allies during the Iraq War. The group was primarily based in northern and central Iraq, and included mainly Iraqi (mostly Arab but also Kurdish) fighters. In 2007, it split into Jama'at Ansar al-Islam and Ansar al-Sunnah Shariah Committee, which changed its name to Ansar al-Ahlu Sunnah in 2011. The group has been a Proscribed Organisation in the United Kingdom under the Terrorism Act 2000 since 14 October 2005. History The group was founded in September 2003, as an umbrella organization for guerrillas, with former members of Ansar al-Islam who had fled to Iran after a 2003 joint operation by Iraqi and US forces. Their goal was to expel U.S. occupation forces from Iraq. Following the twin Sunni and Shiite uprisings of the spring a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Army In Iraq
The Islamic Army in Iraq (, IAI) was an underground Islamist militant organization formed in Iraq following the 2003 invasion of Iraq by U.S.-led Coalition forces, and the subsequent collapse of the Ba'athist regime headed by Saddam Hussein. IAI was regarded as one of the largest, sophisticated and most influential Sunni insurgent groups in Iraq that led an asymmetrical military insurgency against Coalition forces. The group became known for its grisly videos of kidnappings and attacks on U.S. and Iraqi troops. Although it carries an Islamic title, the group combines Sunni Islamism with Iraqi nationalism, and has been labelled as "resistance" by Iraq's Sunni Vice president Tariq al-Hashimi (who was sentenced to death in 2012) despite al-Hashimi's close relations with the U.S. government. Following the withdrawal of American forces from Iraq in late 2011, the IAI largely demobilized and turned towards political activism, setting up the Sunni Popular Movement. The group’s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)
The Mujahideen Shura Council in Iraq (, MSC), was an umbrella organization of at least six Sunni Islamist insurgent groups taking part in the Iraqi insurgency against U.S.-led Coalition and Iraqi forces. The groups included in the MSC were: Al-Qaeda in Iraq, Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah (Army of the Victorious Sect), Katbiyan Ansar Al-Tawhid wal Sunnah, Saraya al-Jihad Group, al-Ghuraba Brigades, and al-Ahwal Brigades. In mid-October 2006, a statement was released, stating that the Mujahideen Shura Council had been disbanded, and was replaced by the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI). Formation and names On 15 January 2006, in a statement posted to the jihadist website Hanin Net, al-Qaeda in Iraq spokesman Abu Maysarah al-Iraqi announced the formation of the "Mujahideen Consultative Council" ("Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen"). It was formed to resist efforts by the American and Iraqi authorities to win over Sunni supporters of the insurgency. The stated purpose of the council was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Qaeda In Iraq
Al-Qaeda in Iraq (; AQI), was a Salafi jihadism, Salafi jihadist organization affiliated with al-Qaeda. It was founded on 17 October 2004, and was led by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi until its disbandment on 15 October 2006 after he was killed in a targeted bombing on June 7, 2006 in Hibhib, Iraq by the United States Air Force. The group was started as Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999. In 2004 it bay'ah, pledged allegiance to Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda. Under the leadership of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, AQI was engaged in various militant activities during the 2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency, early stages of the Iraqi insurgency, with the objective of expelling the Multi-National Force – Iraq, U.S.-led coalition and establishing an Islamic state in Iraq. In January 2006, AQI and seven other Sunni Guerrilla warfare, guerrilla groups formed the Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq), Mujahideen Shura Council (MSC), which on 15 October 2006 disbanded to form the "Islamic State of Iraq." ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arab Tribes In Iraq
Many Iraqi Arabs identify strongly with a tribe (العشيرة '''ashira''). 30 of the 150 or so identifiable tribes of Iraq are the most influential. They are grouped into federations (قبيلة ''qabila''). Within the tribe, there is the clan (الفخذ ''fukhdh''), the house (البيت ''beit'') and the extended family (الخمس ''khams''). Tribes are led by sheikhs (شيخ ''sheykh'') who represent the tribe and deal with its domestic affairs. Due to the large sizes of Iraq's tribes, an individual may belong to the Shammar tribe, but also the Aslam branch within the same tribe, and therefore can identify with both. There are hundreds of Arab tribes across Iraq from the north to the south. On its accession to power in the 17 July Revolution of 1968, Iraq's Ba'ath Party announced its opposition to tribalism ( القبلية ''al-qabaliyya''), although for pragmatic reasons, especially during the Iran–Iraq War, tribalism was sometimes tolerated and even encouraged. List ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Private Militias In Iraq
The term militia in contemporary Iraq refers to armed groups that fight on behalf of or as part of the Iraqi government, the Mahdi Army and Badr Organization being two of the biggest. Many predate the overthrow of Saddam Hussein, but some have emerged since, such as the Facilities Protection Service. The 2003 invasion of Iraq by United States-led forces undermined the internal order in the country and brought about, among other things, the establishment of several pro-Iranian militias affiliated with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps's Quds Force. The militias were set up with the purpose of driving the U.S. and Coalition forces out of Iraq and establishing Iranian involvement in the country. Prominent among the militias are Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq, Kata'ib Hezbollah and Harakat al-Nujaba. Since the 2014 collapse of the Iraqi army in the North of Iraq against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, and the fatwa by the Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani calling for jihad or ''Hashd al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soldiers Of Heaven
The Soldiers of Heaven (; Jund As-Samāʾ) were an Iraqi Shia religious militant cult known for fighting in the Battle of Najaf in January 2007 against Iraqi, American and British forces. Led by Dia Abdul Zahra Kadim, who was killed in the battle, the Soldiers of Heaven were accused of trying to start a " messianic insurrection" at the holy city of Najaf during the event of Ashura. Prior to the battle, members of the group were settled with their families at a "camp in Zarga, north of Najaf", Filiu, ''Apocalypse in Islam '', 2011: p.160 where "the main part" of the fighting took place. The group has been described as an apocalyptic Muslim cult that separated from another group called the "Supporters of the Imam Mahdi" led by Ahmed al-Hasan. The Soldiers of Heaven were said to believe that spreading chaos would hasten the return of the 12th Imam/Mahdi, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Badr Brigades
The Badr Organization ( ''Munaẓẓama Badr''), previously known as the Badr Brigades or Badr Corps, is an Iraqi Shia Islamism, Shia Islamist and Khomeinism, Khomeinist political party and paramilitary organization headed by Hadi al-Amiri. The Badr Brigade, formed in 1982 and led by Iranian officers, served as the military arm of the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI), a Shia Islamic party based in Iran. The Badr Brigade was created by Iranian intelligence and Shia cleric Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim with the aim of fighting the Ba'athist Iraq, Ba'athist regime of Saddam Hussein during the Iran–Iraq War. Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq, most of the Badr Brigade fighters have entered the new Iraqi army and police force. Since 2003, the Badr Brigade and SCIRI were considered to be one party, but have recently unofficially separated with the Badr Organization now being an official Iraqi political party. Badr Brigade forces, and their I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Promised Day Brigades
The Promised Day Brigade (PDB; ), originally called the Muqawimun (, "Resisters"), was a Shiite organization and insurgent group operating during the Iraq War The Iraq War (), also referred to as the Second Gulf War, was a prolonged conflict in Iraq lasting from 2003 to 2011. It began with 2003 invasion of Iraq, the invasion by a Multi-National Force – Iraq, United States-led coalition, which ... and later the Syrian Civil War. In 2010, it was one of the largest and most powerful Special Groups (Iraq), "Special Groups" — an American term for Iranian-backed Shiite paramilitary groups in Iraq. The group was created as successor to Muqtada al-Sadr's Mahdi Army, which was Iraq's largest Shiite militant group until its disbanding in 2008, he also called on other Special Groups to join the brigade. Sadr had earlier already talked about the creation of a smaller guerrilla unit which would continue the Mahdi Army's armed activities but for the first time gave the organi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kata'ib Hezbollah
Kata'ib Hezbollah (), also known as the Hezbollah Brigades, is an Iraqi Shia paramilitary group which is a part of the Iraqi Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), staffing the 45th, 46th, and 47th Brigades. During the Iraq War (2003–11), the group fought against Coalition forces. It has been active in the War in Iraq (2013–2017) and the Syrian Civil War. The group was commanded by Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis until he was killed in a US drone attack in 2020. Thereafter, Abdul Aziz al-Muhammadawi (Abu Fadak) became the new leader of the PMF. The group seeks to establish an Iran-aligned government in Iraq, expel American forces from the country, and advance the regional and international interests of Iran in Iraq and the region. The group is responsible for killing hundreds of U.S. soldiers and takes a central part in carrying out attacks against U.S. targets in Iraq and acts as part of the Axis of Resistance. Kata'ib Hezbollah has received extensive training, funding, logistic sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
