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Ioniță Tunsu
Ioniță Tunsu or Tunsul ("The Trimmed", or "The Defrocked"; – 19 August 1832) was a Wallachian brigand (''hajduk'', hence ''Tunsu haiducul'') who received posthumous status as a folk hero. Born to a rural deacon of the Wallachian Bishopric in the Romanian Orthodox Church, he served as a sexton and was preparing for a while to take over as parish priest. He chose instead a career in the criminal and rebellious underworld of Bucharest; he was probably pushed into it by witnessing injustices accumulate during the final stages of the Phanariote regime, and is credited by several historians as an active participant in the Wallachian uprising of 1821. He persevered after the end of the Phanariotes, when he acquired fame for his daring exploits, as well as for his protection of the poorest Wallachians. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829, Tunsu expanded his activities deeper into the countryside, selectively terrorizing the boyar aristocracy. As the Danubian Principalities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Optași-Măgura
Optași-Măgura is a commune in Olt County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Optași. It also included the village of Vitănești until 2004, when it was split off to form Sârbii-Măgura Sârbii-Măgura is a commune in Olt County, Muntenia, Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the ... Commune. Natives * Ion Predescu (1927 – 2020), politician and judge * Ioniță Tunsu ( 1800 – 1832), outlaw References Communes in Olt County Localities in Muntenia {{Olt-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Orthodox Church
The Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC; , ), or Romanian Patriarchate, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian denomination, Christian churches, and one of the nine patriarchates in the Eastern Orthodox Church organization, Eastern Orthodox Church. Since 1925, the church's Primate (bishop), Primate has borne the title of Patriarch. Its jurisdiction covers the territories of Romania and Moldova, with additional dioceses for Romanians living in nearby Ukraine, Serbia and Hungary, as well as for diaspora communities in Central Europe, Central and Western Europe, North America and Oceania. It is the only autocephalous church within Eastern Orthodoxy to have a Romance languages, Romance language for liturgical use. The majority of Romania's population (16,367,267, or 85.9% of those for whom data were available, according to the 2011 census data), as well as some 720,000 Moldovans, belong to the Romanian Orthodox Church. Members o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cossacks
The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic languages, East Slavic Eastern Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borders of Ukraine and Russia, Cossack raids, countering the Crimean-Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe, Crimean-Nogai raids, alongside economically developing steppes, steppe regions north of the Black Sea and around the Azov Sea. Historically, they were a semi-nomadic and semi-militarized people, who, while under the nominal suzerainty of various Eastern European states at the time, were allowed a great degree of self-governance in exchange for military service. Although numerous linguistic and religious groups came together to form the Cossacks, most of them coalesced and became East Slavic languages, East Slavic–speaking Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox Christians. The rulers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russian Empire en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnaut
Arnaut () is a Turkish ethnonym used to denote Albanians. ''Arvanid'' (), ''Arnavud'' (), plural: ''Arnavudlar'' (): modern Turkish: ''Arnavut'', plural: ''Arnavutlar''; are ethnonyms used mainly by Ottoman and contemporary Turks for Albanians with ''Arnavutça'' being called the Albanian language.. 'Albanian' (''Arnavud'') was one of the few ethnic markers normally used, besides the regular religious labels, for the identification of people in official record of the Ottoman state. ''Arnavudluk'' (آرناوودلق) was the Ottoman Turkish geographical designation of the Albanian regions, including areas such as present-day Albania, Kosovo, western North Macedonia, southern Serbia, southern Montenegro and parts of northern Greece. Etymology The Turkish ethnonym ''Arnaut'' is derived from ''Arnavut'', obtained through metathesis (''-van-'' to ''-nav-'') of the Byzantine Greek ethnonym Άρβανίτης ''Árvanítis'', "Albanian", which evolved from Ancient Greek Άλβ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wallachian Military Forces
The military of Wallachia existed throughout the history of the country. Starting from its founding to 1859, when it was united with the Moldavian army into what would become the Romanian Army. The army mainly consisted of light cavalry which was used in hit-and-run tactics, though various other units existed as well. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the army was mostly formed from mercenary units. In 1830, following the Organic Regulation, the standing army of Wallachia was created. The Wallachian fleet used riverboats of various sizes between the 15th and 17th centuries. In 1794, a small flotilla was created with the approval of The Porte. After the regulations of 1830, a military flotilla was created as well. The Wallachian flotilla was merged with the Moldavian one in 1860, forming the Danube Flotilla Corps, the precursor of the Romanian Naval Forces. Middle Ages Before the establishment of Wallachia Before the formation of a Wallachian state, some Romanian leader ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantin Cantacuzino (died 1877)
Constantin G. Cantacuzino, also known as Costache Cantacozino or Costandin Cantacuzino (Romanian transitional alphabet, transitional Cyrillic: Кonстanтin Кanтaкozino; 1790s–1877), was the ''Caimacam'' (Regent) of Wallachia in September 1848–June 1849, appointed directly by the Ottoman Empire. A member of the Cantacuzino family, he had emerged as a leader of the conservative Boyars of Wallachia and Moldavia, boyardom during the ''Regulamentul Organic'' period. As a commander in the Wallachian military forces, Wallachian militia, he organized in 1831 the first elections for Bucharest's General Council of Bucharest, Town Council, and subsequently served as one of the Mayor of Bucharest, Bucharest Governors. He first played a major part in national government from 1837 to 1842, when he served List of rulers of Wallachia, Prince Alexandru II Ghica as ''Postelnic'' and ''Logothete''. During that interval, he clashed with his own brother Grigore Cantacuzino, who sided with the L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iordache Filipescu
Iordache is a Romanian surname; ''Iordăchescu'' and ''Iordăcheanu'' were coined from Iordache. ''Iordache'' is of Greek origin, from '' Yeorgakis'' (Γεωργάκης), a patronymic from the Modern Greek first name ''Yiorgos'' (Γιώργος), from Ancient Greek ''Georgios'' (Γεώργιος), both of which are variants of "George". Antiquated variants include ''Gheorgache'' and ''Iorgache''.Alexandru Graur, ''Nume de persoane'', pp. 60, 64, 67. Bucharest: Editura științifică, 1965. People with the surname Iordache * Adrian Iordache (born 1980), Romanian footballer *Adrian Dragoș Iordache (born 1981), Romanian footballer *Ilie Iordache (born 1985), Romanian footballer *Larisa Iordache (born 1996), Romanian artistic gymnast *Marin Iorda (born ''Marin Iordache''; 1901–1972), Romanian cartoonist, director, writer and filmmaker *Marius Iordache (born 1978), Romanian footballer *Mihai Iordache (born 1967), Romanian jazz musician and composer *Ștefan Iordache (1941–2008), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavel Kiselyov
Count Pavel Dmitrievich Kiselyov or Kiseleff (; , Moscow – , Paris) is generally regarded as the most brilliant Russian reformer during Nicholas I's generally conservative reign. Kiselyov was plenipotentiary president ( de facto governor) of the Divans (estates of the realm) in Wallachia and Moldavia from 1829 until 1834. Early military career Kiselyov first distinguished himself during the Napoleonic Wars, serving as Count Miloradovich's aide-de-camp in the Battle of Borodino, marching with the Russian army all the way to Paris and gaining promotion to Alexander I's aide-de-camp at the close of the campaign. Five years later, Kiselyov was appointed Chief of Staff of the Second Army, stationed in Tulchyn, Podolia. It was there that he first tried to implement his reforms, including the mitigation and condemnation of corporal punishment, which aroused the animosity of the powerful War Minister, Count Arakcheyev. Pavel Pestel and other Decembrists who formed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regulamentul Organic
''Regulamentul Organic'' (, ; ; )The name also has plural versions in all languages concerned, referring to the dual nature of the document; however, the singular version is usually preferred. The text was originally written in French, submitted to the approval of the State Council of Imperial Russia in Saint Petersburg, and then subject to debates in the Assemblies in Bucharest and Iași; the Romanian translation followed the adoption of the Regulamentul in its French-language version. (Djuvara, p. 323).Giurescu, p. 123.It is probable that the title was chosen over designation as "Constitution(s)" in order to avoid the revolutionary meaning implied by the latter (Hitchins, p. 203). was a quasi-constitutional organic law enforced in 1831–1832 by the Imperial Russian authorities in Moldavia and Wallachia (the two Danubian Principalities that were to become the basis of the modern Romanian state). The document partially confirmed the traditional government, including rule b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danubian Principalities
The Danubian Principalities (, ) was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the early 14th century. The term was coined in the Habsburg monarchy after the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1774) in order to designate an area on the lower Danube with a common geopolitical situation.Heppner Harald, ''Österreich und die Donaufürstentümer 1774–1812. Ein Beitrag zur habsburgischen Südosteuropapolitik'', Habilitationsschrift, Graz, 1984, pp. 8–9 The term was largely used then by foreign political circles and public opinion until the union of the two principalities in 1859. Alongside Transylvania, the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia became the basis for the Kingdom of Romania, and by extension the modern nation-state of Romania. In a wider context, the concept may also apply to the Principality of Serbia as one of ''The Principalities of the Danube'', Wikisource:The Principalities of the Danube which came under t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boyars Of Moldavia And Wallachia
The boyars of Moldavia and Wallachia were the nobility of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. The title was either inherited or granted by the Hospodar, often together with an administrative function.Djuvara, p.131 The boyars held much of the political power in the principalities and, until the Phanariots, Phanariote era, they elected the Hospodar. As such, until the 19th century, the system oscillated between an oligarchy and an autocracy with power concentrated in the Hospodar's hands.Djuvara, p.135 History Origins During the Middle Ages, Romanians lived in autonomous communities called obște which mixed private and common ownership, employing an open field system. The private ownership of land gained ground In the 14th and 15th centuries, leading to differences within the obște towards a stratification of the members of the community.Costăchel et al., p. 111 The creation of the feudal domain in which the landlords were known as boyars, was mostly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
