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Ion Dezideriu Sîrbu
Ion Dezideriu Sîrbu (also spelled Ion Desideriu Sârbu; June 28, 1919 – September 17, 1989) was a Romanian philosopher, novelist, essayist, and dramatist. An academic and theater critic, he was a victim of the communist regime, spending about 14 years as a political prisoner. Early life, education and war Sîrbu was born in Petrila, Hunedoara County; his father was a coal miner from around Brad, while his mother had come from Bohemia to settle in Banat. After completing elementary school in his native city, he attended gymnasium and high school in Petroșani, although, due to lack of funds, he had to drop out in 1934 for one year and work as an apprentice in a factory before being able to continue his studies. In 1939, he enrolled in the courses of the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy at the University of Cluj, where the philosopher and writer Lucian Blaga became his teacher and mentor. After the Romanian branch of the university moved to Sibiu in September 1940, in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrila
Petrila (; ) is a town in the Jiu Valley, Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is located near the confluence of the rivers Jiul de Est, Taia (river), Taia, and Jieț (Jiu), Jieț. The town administers four villages: Cimpa (''Csimpa''), Jieț (''Zsiec''), Răscoala (''Reszkola''), and Tirici. History A Romanian town in the Carpathian Mountains, Petrila is an ancient settlement, but its existence was not documented until 1493 in a donation letter between Vladislas II of Bohemia and Hungary, Vladislav the First, King of Hungary and a Romanian prince named Mihai Cande. The name of the town was noted in 1733 as coming from the Latin word “petrinus” ("pietros" in Romanian), which can be translated into English to mean “of stone”, a reference to the large coal deposits in the area that would become a profitable export in the Industrial Revolution. The exploitation of coal deposits in and around Petrila made the town grow as a single-industry town, revolving either around ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sibiu
Sibiu ( , , , Hungarian: ''Nagyszeben'', , Transylvanian Saxon: ''Härmeschtat'' or ''Hermestatt'') is a city in central Romania, situated in the historical region of Transylvania. Located some north-west of Bucharest, the city straddles the Cibin River, a tributary of the Olt River. Now the seat of Sibiu County, between 1692 and 1791 and 1849–65 Sibiu was the capital of the Principality of Transylvania. Until 1876, the Hecht hause in Sibiu served as the seat of the Transylvanian Saxon University. Nicknamed ''The Town with Eyes'' for the eyebrow dormers on many old buildings, the town is a popular tourist destination. It is known for its culture, history, cuisine, and architecture. In 2004, its historical center was added to the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Sibiu was subsequently designated the European Capital of Culture in 2007, along with Luxembourg City. One year later, it was ranked "Europe's 8th-most idyllic place to live" by ''Forbes''. Sibi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1944 Romanian Coup D'état
Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in North Africa. ** Landing at Saidor: 13,000 US and Australian troops land on Papua New Guinea in an attempt to cut off a Japanese retreat. * January 8 – WWII: Philippine Commonwealth troops enter the province of Ilocos Sur in northern Luzon and attack Japanese forces. * January 11 ** United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposes a Second Bill of Rights for social and economic security, in his State of the Union address. ** The Nazi German administration expands Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp into the larger standalone ''Konzentrationslager Plaszow bei Krakau'' in occupied Poland. * January 12 – WWII: Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle begin a 2-day conference in Marrakech. * Janua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Front (World War II)
The Eastern Front, also known as the Great Patriotic War (term), Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union and its successor states, and the German–Soviet War in modern Germany and Ukraine, was a Theater (warfare), theatre of World War II fought between the European Axis powers and Allies of World War II, Allies, including the Soviet Union (USSR) and Polish Armed Forces in the East, Poland. It encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Northeast Europe (Baltic states, Baltics), and Southeast Europe (Balkans), and lasted from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945. Of the estimated World War II casualties, 70–85 million deaths attributed to World War II, around 30 million occurred on the Eastern Front, including 9 million children. The Eastern Front was decisive in determining the outcome in the European theatre of World War II, European theatre of operations in World War II, eventually serving as the main reason for the defeat of Nazi Germany and the Axis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ovidiu Cotruș
Ovidiu Cotruș (February 24, 1926–September 12, 1977) was a Romanian essayist and literary critic. Early life Born in Oradea, his parents were Sabin Cotruș, a geography teacher, and his wife Claudia (''née'' Popa); his uncle was Aron Cotruș. He began high school in Oradea, continuing at the Moise Nicoară High School in Arad. The family had taken refuge there due to the Second Vienna Award's 1940 grant of their native Northern Transylvania to Hungary, and Cotruș graduated in 1944. Alexandru Ruja"Cum a ajuns Ovidiu Cotruș 'trădător de patrie'?!" in ''România Literară'', nr. 20/2013. He studied at the literature and philosophy faculty of the University of Cluj from 1944 to 1948. At the beginning of his university career, this institution was in Sibiu, because Cluj had been integrated into Hungary through the Vienna Award. He was received into the Sibiu Literary Circle, where he was an active participant. Although Cotruș' first published work had appeared in 1943, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ștefan Augustin Doinaș
Ștefan Augustin Doinaș (; pen name of Ștefan Popa) (April 26, 1922 – May 25, 2002) was a Romanian Neoclassical poet of the Communist era. He wrote 23 books of poetry, as well as children's books, essay collections, and a novel. Doinaș was born in Cherechiu, Bihor County. After graduating from the Moise Nicoară High School in Arad, he studied medicine in Sibiu, where the University of Cluj had moved in the wake of the Hungarian occupation of Northern Transylvania. There he joined the Sibiu Literary Circle, a group formed around Lucian Blaga. Doinaș then studied philosophy and literature at the University of Cluj, graduating with a B.A. degree in 1947. Starting in 1948, he taught at schools in Hălmagiu and Gurahonț, in Arad County. After moving to Bucharest in 1955, he was arrested in 1957 by the Securitate for "failure to report" and turn over a fellow editor, who had invited his colleagues to participate in an anti-communist protest. He was released from priso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radu Stanca
Radu Stanca (March 5, 1920 – December 26, 1962) was a Romanian poet, playwright, theatre director, theatre critic and theoretician. Biography Born in Sebeș, he spent his early years in Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, where he attended the George Barițiu National College, Gheorghe Barițiu High School. He then studied philosophy at the Babeș-Bolyai University, University of Cluj, completing his studies in 1942 in Sibiu (after part of the university moved there when Northern Transylvania was ceded to Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946), Hungary as a result of the Second Vienna Award). Stanca was member of the Sibiu Literary Circle, a movement of young poets and essayists who tried, between 1946 and 1948, to rejuvenate the main literary style and aesthetical thinking. In 1947 he received the ''Lovinescu'' award for his tragicomedy ''Dona Juana''. He died in Cluj, at age 42. One of the leading Romanian theatres is the ''Radu Stanca National Theatre'' in Sibiu. Streets in Alba Iulia, Cluj-Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Negoițescu
Ion Negoiţescu (; also known as Nego; 10 August 1921 – 6 February 1993) was a Romanian literary historian, critic, poet, novelist and memoirist, one of the leading members of the Sibiu Literary Circle. A rebellious and eccentric figure, Negoiţescu began his career while still an adolescent, and made himself known as a literary ideologue of the 1940s generation. Moving from a youthful affiliation to the Fascism, fascist Iron Guard, which he later came to regret, the author became a disciple of Modernist literature, modernist doyen Eugen Lovinescu, and, by 1943, rallied the entire Sibiu Circle to the cause of anti-fascism. He was also one of the few openly Homosexuality, homosexual intellectuals in Romania to have Coming out, come out before the 1990s—an experience which, like his political commitments, is recorded in his controversial autobiographical writings. After World War II, Negoiţescu's anti-communism, dissident stance and sexual orientation made him an adversary of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sibiu Literary Circle
The Sibiu Literary Circle () was a literary group created during World War II in Sibiu to promote the modernist liberal ideas of Eugen Lovinescu. The group was formed around Lucian Blaga and other intellectuals from Cluj, who had settled in Sibiu after the Romanian University of Cluj had moved there in 1940, in the wake of the Hungarian occupation of Northern Transylvania. The most active members of the group were Ion Negoițescu, Radu Stanca, Ion Dezideriu Sîrbu, , Ștefan Augustin Doinaș, , , Eta Boeriu, , and Ovidiu Cotruș. The group disbanded in 1945. References * Ovid S. Crohmălniceanu, ''Cercul literar de la Sibiu și influența catalitică a culturii germane'', Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ) is the capital and largest city of Romania. The metropolis stands on the River Dâmbovița (river), Dâmbovița in south-eastern Romania. Its population is officially estimated at 1.76 million residents within a greater Buc ...: Editura Universalia, 2000. * , ''Cercu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
