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Intercontinental Cup (1960–2004)
The Intercontinental Cup, officially the European/South American Cup and known from 1980 as the Toyota Cup for sponsorship reasons, was an international association football, football competition endorsed by UEFA (Europe) and CONMEBOL (South America), contested between representative clubs from these confederations, usually the winners of the UEFA Champions League and the South American Copa Libertadores. It ran from 1960 to 2004, when it was succeeded by the FIFA Club World Cup, although they both ran concurrently in 2000. From its formation in 1960 to 1979, the competition was as a two-legged tie, with a play-off if necessary until 1968, and Penalty kick (association football), penalty kicks later. During the 1970s, European participation in the Intercontinental Cup became a running question due to controversial events in the 1969 Intercontinental Cup, 1969 match, and some European Cup-winning teams withdrew.Risolo, Don (2010)Soccer Stories: Anecdotes, Oddities, Lore, and Ama ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UEFA
The Union of European Football Associations (UEFA ; ; ) is one of six continental bodies of governance in association football. It governs football, futsal and beach soccer, beach football in Europe and the List of transcontinental countries#Asia and Europe, transcontinental countries of Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Kazakhstan, as well as the West Asian countries of Cyprus, Armenia and Israel. UEFA consists of 55 national association List of men's national association football teams#UEFA (Europe), members. Since 2022, due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, FIFA and UEFA suspended all Russian national teams and clubs from any FIFA and UEFA competitions. UEFA consists of the national football associations of Europe, and runs national and club competitions including the UEFA European Championship, European Championship, UEFA Nations League, Nations League, UEFA Champions League, Champions League, UEFA Europa League, Europa League, UEFA Conference League, Conference League, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota
is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on August 28, 1937. Toyota is the List of manufacturers by motor vehicle production, largest automobile manufacturer in the world, producing about 10 million vehicles per year. The company was founded as a spinoff of Toyota Industries, a machine maker started by Sakichi Toyoda, Kiichiro's father. Both companies are now part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in the world. While still a department of Toyota Industries, the company developed its first product, the Toyota Type A engine, Type A engine, in 1934 and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA. After World War II, Toyota benefited from Japan's alliance with the United States to learn from American automakers and other companies, which gave rise to The Toyota Way (a management philosophy) and the Toyota ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pequeña Copa Del Mundo De Clubes
The Small World Cup () was a football tournament held in Venezuela between 1952 and 1975 (with some journalists considering 1952–57 the period of greatest relevance, and the second period that took place between 1963 and 1975 as of minor relevance). In most of the occasions, the competition was played by four participants from Europe and South America. In the first period, clubs from three countries would win the tournament: Spain, Brazil and Colombia. Five clubs have won the trophy in this period: Real Madrid, São Paulo, Millonarios, Corinthians, and Barcelona. When the Europeans Champions Clubs' Cup was started in 1955, the Venezuelan competition lost importance and was discontinued in 1957. Although the tournament was relaunched in 1963, its relevance decreased as another competition was happening at the time, the Intercontinental Cup (first held in 1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen Afr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1957 Tournoi De Paris
The 1957 Tournoi de Paris was the first edition of Tournoi de Paris, an association football intercontinental competition between European and South American clubs. In particular, the inaugural edition is considered the precursor of the Intercontinental Cup by FIFA, as it had the only continental champion clubs at the time (Vasco da Gama in 1948 South American Championship and Real Madrid in 1955–56 European Cup) competing in the final. Vasco da Gama defeated Real Madrid 4–3 in the final in front of more than 65,000 spectators. Background The competition was organized by the Racing Club de Paris in celebration of its 25th anniversary. Real Madrid were invited to participate in the competition as 1955–56 European Cup champions, and accepted a few days before winning the 1956–57 edition. Vasco da Gama's participation took place in the midst of the club's tour of the US and Europe, with several European newspapers citing Vasco as "Brazilian champion of 1956" for having w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Goddet
Jacques Goddet (; 21 June 1905 – 15 December 2000) was a French sports journalist and director of the Tour de France road cycling race from 1936 to 1986. Goddet was born and died in Paris. His father, Victor Goddet, was co-founder and finance director of '' L'Auto'', the newspaper that organised the first Tour in 1903. When Jacques Goddet had ended his studies in 1931, he became editor-in-chief of ''L'Auto''. He covered the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. In 1924 Jacques Goddet went to work for his father's paper in the rue du faubourg-Montmartre, Paris. Four years later he followed his first Tour de France and sat spellbound as he watched riders struggle for more than 16 hours on cols "that were no more than mediocre earth paths, muddy, stony". Goddet returned the following year and followed every Tour until 1989, with the exceptions of 1932 when he went to the Los Angeles Olympics and 1981 when he was too ill.Goddet, Jacques (1991), ''L'Équipée Belle'', Robert Laffont, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
João Havelange
Jean-Marie Faustin Godefroid "João" de Havelange (, ; 8 May 1916 – 16 August 2016) was a Brazilian lawyer, businessman, and athlete who was the seventh president of FIFA from 1974 to 1998. His tenure as president is the second longest in FIFA's history, behind that of Jules Rimet. He received the title of honorary president when leaving office, but resigned in April 2013. He was preceded by Stanley Rous and succeeded by Sepp Blatter. Havelange served as a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) from 1963 to 2011. He was the longest-serving active member upon his resignation. In July 2012, a Swiss prosecutor's report revealed that, during his tenure on FIFA's Executive Committee, he and his son-in-law Ricardo Teixeira took more than 41 million Swiss francs (£21m) in bribes in connection with the award of World Cup marketing rights. Early life, professional and Olympic career Havelange was born on 8 May 1916, in Rio de Janeiro, to an affluent family coming ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penalty Shoot-out (association Football)
In association football, a penalty shoot-out (previously known as kicks from the penalty mark) is a tie-breaking method to determine which team is awarded victory in a match that cannot end in a tie (draw), draw, when the score is tied after the normal time as well as Overtime (sports)#Association football, extra time (if used) has expired. For example, in a FIFA World Cup, penalties are used in elimination matches; the round of 32, the round of 16, the quarter-finals, the semi-finals, and the final (competition), final. In a penalty shoot-out, each team takes turns shooting at goal from the penalty mark, with the goal defended only by the opposing team's Goalkeeper (association football), goalkeeper. Each team has five shots which must be taken by different players; the team that makes more successful kicks is declared the victor. Shoot-outs finish as soon as one team has an insurmountable lead. If scores are level after five pairs of shots, the shootout progresses into additiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Once Caldas
Once Caldas S.A., simply known as Once Caldas, is a professional Colombian Association football, football team based in Manizales, that currently plays in the Categoría Primera A. The club plays its home games at Estadio Palogrande. The club was founded in 1961 after the merger of Deportes Caldas and Deportivo Manizales (also known as Once Deportivo). The club has won the Categoría Primera A four times, but is mainly known for its 2004 Copa Libertadores title. History Although the current Once Caldas (''"Caldas Eleven"'') was founded in 1961 from the merger of ''Deportes Caldas'' and ''Once Deportivo'', both were founding clubs of the Categoría Primera A, Campeonato Profesional, as the Colombian professional football league was originally named, and both took part in the first edition held in 1948 Campeonato Profesional, 1948. Founded in 1930, Once Deportivo was the club's oldest predecessor, but did not enjoy much success in its participations in the football league: in 194 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Real Madrid C
Real Madrid Club de Fútbol C, commonly known as Real Madrid C, is a Spanish association football team, and is Real Madrid's second reserve team. They play in , holding their home games at La Ciudad del Real Madrid in Valdebebas outside the city of Madrid. At the end of the 2014–15 Tercera División, Real Madrid C was disbanded. However in 2023, the team was brought back and was put in the Tercera Federación after taking the place of RSC Internacional. History Real Madrid Aficionados ''Real Madrid Aficionados'' was the amateur team for Real Madrid. In the 1960s, the team won eight Campeonato de Aficionados (national amateur cup) in an 11-year period, including six in succession. The last of their amateur championships qualified the team for the 1970–71 Copa del Generalísimo; they lost in the second round which was one further than their 'big brothers' at Plus Ultra achieved. The ''Aficionados last Spanish Cup appearance was in the 1986–87 edition of the Copa del ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan Football Association
The Japan Football Association (JFA, ) is the Sport governing body, governing body responsible for the administration of Association football, football, futsal, beach soccer and Esports, efootball in Japan. It is responsible for the Japan national football team, national team, as well as club competitions. History The organization was founded in 1921 as the , and became affiliated with FIFA in 1929. In 1945, the name of the organization was changed to the ; its Japanese language, Japanese name was changed to the current title in 1975. The association generally translates its name to "Japan Football Association" in English, though "Japan Soccer Association" is also used. Identity Flag The symbol of the JFA is the Yatagarasu, a mythical three-legged raven that guided Emperor Jimmu to Mount Kumano Shrine, Kumano. Yatagarasu is also the messenger of the supreme Shinto sun goddess Amaterasu. Anthem In 1994, the JFA asked Ryuichi Sakamoto to compose the instrumental song - "Japanes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automotive Industry
The automotive industry comprises a wide range of company, companies and organizations involved in the design, Business development, development, manufacturing, marketing, selling, Maintenance, repairing, and Custom car, modification of motor vehicles. It is one of the world's largest industry (economics), industries by revenue (from 16% such as in France up to 40% in countries such as Slovakia). The word ''automotive'' comes from the Greek language, Greek ''autos'' (self), and Latin ''motivus'' (of motion), referring to any form of self-powered vehicle. This term, as proposed by Elmer Ambrose Sperry, Elmer Sperry (1860–1930), first came into use to describe automobiles in 1898. History The automotive industry began in the 1860s with hundreds of manufacturers pioneering the Brass Era car, horseless carriage. Early car manufacturing involved manual assembly by a human worker. The process evolved from engineers working on a stationary car to a conveyor belt system where the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multinational Corporation
A multinational corporation (MNC; also called a multinational enterprise (MNE), transnational enterprise (TNE), transnational corporation (TNC), international corporation, or stateless corporation, is a corporate organization that owns and controls the production of goods or services in at least one country other than its home country. Control is considered an important aspect of an MNC to distinguish it from international portfolio investment organizations, such as some international mutual funds that invest in corporations abroad solely to diversify financial risks. Most of the current largest and most influential companies are Public company, publicly traded multinational corporations, including Forbes Global 2000, ''Forbes'' Global 2000 companies. History Colonialism The history of multinational corporations began with the history of colonialism. The first multinational corporations were founded to set up colonial "factories" or port cities. The two main examples were the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
