Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale
The (Inserm, ) is the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research. History and organisation Inserm was created in 1964 as a successor to the French National Institute of Health. Inserm is the only public research institution solely focused on human health and medical research in France. It is a public institution with a scientific and technical vocation under the dual auspices of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Research. Similarly to the US National Institutes of Health, Inserm conducts fundamental and translational research projects through 339 research units, run by around 13,000 scientists, including 5,100 permanent research staff members and 5,100 staff members co-affiliated with university hospitals and medicine faculties. Inserm's laboratories and research units are located all over France, mainly in the largest cities. Eighty percent of Inserm research units are embedded in research hospitals of French universities. In 1997, Inserm founded ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Governmental Organization
A government agency or state agency, sometimes an appointed commission, is a permanent or semi-permanent organization in the machinery of government (bureaucracy) that is responsible for the oversight and administration of specific functions, such as an Administration (government), administration. There is a notable variety of agency types. Although usage differs, a government agency is normally distinct both from a department or Ministry (government department), ministry, and other types of public body established by government. The functions of an agency are normally executive in character since different types of organizations (''such as commissions'') are most often constituted in an advisory role — this distinction is often blurred in practice however, it is not allowed. A government agency may be established by either a national government or a state government within a federal system. Agencies can be established by legislation or by executive powers. The autonomy, indep ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Major Histocompatibility Complex
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a large Locus (genetics), locus on vertebrate DNA containing a set of closely linked polymorphic genes that code for Cell (biology), cell surface proteins essential for the adaptive immune system. These cell surface proteins are called MHC molecules. Its name comes from its discovery during the study of transplanted tissue compatibility. Later studies revealed that tissue rejection due to incompatibility is only a facet of the full function of MHC molecules, which is to bind an antigen derived from self-proteins, or from pathogens, and bring the antigen presentation to the cell surface for recognition by the appropriate T cell, T-cells. MHC molecules mediate the interactions of leukocytes, also called white blood cells (WBCs), with other leukocytes or with body cells. The MHC determines donor compatibility for organ transplant, as well as one's susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. In a cell, protein molecules of the host's own pheno ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Jean-François Delfraissy
Jean-François () is a French given name. Notable people bearing the given name include: * Jean-François Carenco (born 1952), French politician * Jean-François Champollion (1790–1832), French Egyptologist * Jean-François Clervoy (born 1958), French engineer and astronaut * Jean-François Corminboeuf Jean-François Corminboeuf (; born 4 February 1953) is a sailor from Switzerland, who represented his country at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Tallinn as helmsman in the Soling The Soling is an Keelboat, open keelboat that holds the World Saili ... (born 1953), Swiss sport sailor * Jean-François Coulomme (born 1966), French politician * Jean-François Dagenais (born 1975), Canadian music producer * Jean-François David (born 1982), Canadian ice hockey player * Jean-François Gariépy (born 1984), Canadian alt-right political commentator and former neuroscientist * Jean-François Garreaud (1946–2020), French actor * Jean-François de La Harpe (1739–1803), French critic * Je ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Eric Gilson
The given name Eric, Erich, Erikk, Erik, Erick, Eirik, or Eiríkur is derived from the Old Norse name ''Eiríkr'' (or ''Eríkr'' in Old East Norse due to monophthongization). The first element, ''ei-'' may be derived from the older Proto-Norse ''* aina(z)'', meaning "one, alone, unique", ''as in the form'' ''Æ∆inrikr'' explicitly, but it could also be from ''* aiwa(z)'' "everlasting, eternity", as in the Gothic form ''Euric''. The second element ''- ríkr'' stems either from Proto-Germanic ''* ríks'' "king, ruler" (cf. Gothic ''reiks'') or the therefrom derived ''* ríkijaz'' "kingly, powerful, rich, prince"; from the common Proto-Indo-European root * h₃rḗǵs. The name is thus usually taken to mean "sole ruler, autocrat" or "eternal ruler, ever powerful". ''Eric'' used in the sense of a proper noun meaning "one ruler" may be the origin of ''Eriksgata'', and if so it would have meant "one ruler's journey". The tour was the medieval Swedish king's journey, when newly ele ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
2019 In Science
A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2019. Events January * 1 January The ''New Horizons'' space probe flies by Kuiper belt object 486958 Arrokoth (nicknamed ''Ultima Thule''), the outermost close encounter of any Solar System object. * 2 January A study finds that tons of methane, a greenhouse gas, are released into the atmosphere by melting ice sheets in Greenland. * 3 January ** China's National Space Administration ( CNSA) achieves the first soft landing on the far side of the Moon with its Chang'e 4 mission. ** Scientists report the engineering of crops with a photorespiratory "shortcut" to boost plant growth by 40% in real-world agronomic conditions. * 4 January ** Researchers at Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) report a way to control properties of excitons and change the polarisation of light they generate, which could lead to transistors that undergo less energy loss and heat dissipation. ** Researchers design an inhalable form o ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Anthony Fauci
Anthony Stephen Fauci ( ; born December 24, 1940) is an American physician-scientist and immunologist who served as the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) from 1984 to 2022, and the chief medical advisor to the president from 2021 to 2022. Fauci was one of the world's most frequently cited scientists across all scientific journals from 1983 to 2002. In 2008, President George W. Bush awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States, for his work on the AIDS relief program PEPFAR. Fauci received his undergraduate education at the College of the Holy Cross and his Doctor of Medicine from Cornell University. As a physician with the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Fauci served the American public health sector for more than fifty years and has acted as an advisor to every U.S. president since Ronald Reagan. During his time as director of the NIAID, he made contributions to HIV/AIDS re ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Dominique Costagliola
Dominique Costagliola (born May 17, 1954, in Asnières-sur-Seine) is a French epidemiologist and biostatistician, deputy director of the Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (iPLESP) and is considered a “leading AIDS specialist.”, Biography She earned a master's degree in physics from Pierre and Marie Curie University before graduating from Télécom Paris and defending a thesis in biological and medical engineering at Paris Diderot University. Career Costagliola began working at Inserm in 1982 and began her research in HIV in 1986. Honors *Inserm The (Inserm, ) is the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research. History and organisation Inserm was created in 1964 as a successor to the French National Institute of Health. Inserm is the only public research institution ... 2020 Grand Prize *Inserm Research Prize in 2013 * 1995: Knight of the National Order of Merit *2005: Knight of the National Order of the Legion of Honor *2006: Lou ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
2020 In Science
A number of significant science, scientific events occurred in 2020. Events January February March April May June July August September October * 1 October ** Researchers report the discovery of a novel overlapping gene (OLG) (a gene partially overlapping with a sequence of another gene), named ''ORF3d'', in the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2 genome, that may be a factor in the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. They found the gene has been identified before, but only in a variant of coronavirus that infects pangolins. **Astronomers announce spectroscopic confirmation of a web-like Large-scale cosmic structure, structure containing galaxies and Dark matter halo, dark matter around, and likely fueling, a quasar at an age of the Universe of 0.9 bn years, which contributes to an explanation of how such supermassive black holes could have grown rapidly so early. * 2 October – A rippling graphene-based Brownian ratchet-relat ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
Marion Leboyer
Marion Leboyer (born 1957) is a French psychiatrist, Professor, university professor and hospital practitioner at the Paris-East Créteil University, Paris-Est Créteil University (UPEC). Biography After completing her medical studies at Paris Descartes University, a master's degree and a PhD in science at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris, and being appointed intern at the Paris hospitals in 1981, she was head of clinic at Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital from 1989 to 1994. From 2002 to 2007, she was head of the sectorized psychiatry department at Albert Chenevier Hospital and of the psychiatry department at Henri Mondor Hospital in 2002 before being appointed head of the psychiatry division there. Since 2019, she is the medical director of the university hospital department Innovation en santé Mentale, Psychiatrie et AddiCTologie du Grand-Paris-Sud (DMU IMPACT) within Centre hospitalier universitaire Henri-Mondor (AP-HP) and of the Féd� ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
2021 In Science
This is a list of several significant science, scientific events that occurred or were scheduled to occur in 2021. Events January February March April May June July * 1 July ** Construction begins on the Square Kilometre Array, with first light planned for 2027. ** In the debate about the cognitive impacts of smartphones and digital technology a group reports that, contrary to widespread belief, scientific evidence doesn't show that these technologies Digital media use and mental health, harm biological cognitive abilities and that they instead only change predominant ways of cognition – such as a reduced need to remember facts or conduct mathematical calculations by pen and paper outside contemporary schools. However, some activities – like reading novels – that require long attention spans and don't feature ongoing rewarding stimulation may become more challenging in general. ** A study finds that ~9.4% of global deaths between 2000 and 2019 – ~5 million ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
2022 In Science
The following science, scientific events occurred in 2022. Events January February March April *1 April **Biochemists report finishing the complete sequence of the human genome. **A study shows that, contrary to widespread belief, body sizes of mammal extinction survivors of the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, dinosaur-times extinction event were the Evolutionary radiation#Examples, first to evolutionarily increase, with brain sizes increasing later in the Eocene. *4 April **The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) releases the third and final part of its IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, Sixth Assessment Report on climate change, warning that greenhouse gas emissions must peak before 2025 at the latest and decline 43% by 2030, in order to likely limit global warming to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F). **Researchers announce a new technique for accelerating the development of vaccines and other pharmaceutical products by up to a million times, using much s ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
|
2023 In Science
The following science, scientific events occurred in 2023. Events January February March April * **Five employees at the National Hurricane Center publish a tropical cyclone report (TCR) on Hurricane Ian, which officially upgrades the hurricane from a Category 4 to a Category 5 on the Saffir–Simpson scale. The TCR also stated that Hurricane Ian caused, with 90% confidence, $112.9 billion worth of damage to the United States, which made Ian the third-costliest United States hurricane on record as well as the costliest hurricane to strike Florida on record. **An unexplained rise of emissions of five chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), successfully banned by the Montreal Protocol of 1989, is reported. Their climate impact in 2020 is List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions, roughly equivalent to that of the CO2e from Denmark in 2018. **A study affirms and explains why a moderate decrease in body temperature Life extension, extends lifespan. * **The National Oceanic and Atm ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |