Inland Petroleum Distribution System
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Inland Petroleum Distribution System
The Inland Petroleum Distribution System (IPDS) a rapid deployment, general support, bulk fuel storage and pipeline A pipeline is a system of Pipe (fluid conveyance), pipes for long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas, typically to a market area for consumption. The latest data from 2014 gives a total of slightly less than of pipeline in 120 countries ... system designed to move bulk fuel forward in a theater of operations. The system has a design throughput of per day based on per minute at 20 hours per operational day. The IPDS system has three primary subsystems: tactical petroleum terminal, pipeline segments, and pump stations. The IPDS was designed by and for the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps for use with the U.S. Navy Offshore Petroleum Distribution System (OPDS). OPDS tankers are the SS ''Mount Washington'', SS ''American Osprey'', SS ''Petersburg'', and SS ''Chesapeake''. References Petroleum infrastructure in the United States {{mil-s ...
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Fuel
A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as thermal energy or to be used for work (physics), work. The concept was originally applied solely to those materials capable of releasing chemical energy but has since also been applied to other sources of heat energy, such as Nuclear power, nuclear energy (via nuclear fission and nuclear fusion). The heat energy released by reactions of fuels can be converted into mechanical energy via a heat engine. Other times, the heat itself is valued for warmth, cooking, or industrial processes, as well as the illumination that accompanies combustion. Fuels are also used in the Cell (biology), cells of organisms in a process known as cellular respiration, where organic molecules are oxidized to release usable energy. Hydrocarbons and related organic molecules are by far the most common source of fuel used by humans, but other substances, including radioactive metals, are also utilized. Fu ...
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Pipeline Transport
A pipeline is a system of Pipe (fluid conveyance), pipes for long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas, typically to a market area for consumption. The latest data from 2014 gives a total of slightly less than of pipeline in 120 countries around the world. The United States had 65%, Russia had 8%, and Canada had 3%, thus 76% of all pipeline were in these three countries. The main attribute to pollution from pipelines is caused by corrosion and leakage. ''Pipeline and Gas Journal''s worldwide survey figures indicate that of pipelines are planned and under construction. Of these, represent projects in the planning and design phase; reflect pipelines in various stages of construction. Liquids and gases are transported in pipelines, and any chemically stable substance can be sent through a pipeline. Pipelines exist for the transport of crude and refined petroleum, fuels—such as oil, natural gas and biofuels—and other fluids including sewage, slurry, water, beer, hot wa ...
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Theater Of Operations
In warfare, a theater or theatre is an area in which important military events occur or are in progress. A theater can include the entirety of the airspace, land, and sea area that is—or that may potentially become—involved in war operations. Theater of war In his book ''On War'', Carl von Clausewitz defines the term ''Kriegstheater'' (translating the older, 17th-century Latin term ''theatrum belli'') as one that: Theater of operations ''Theater of operations'' (TO) is a sub-area within a theater of war. The boundary of a TO is defined by the commander who is orchestrating or providing support for specific combat operations within the TO. Theater of operations is divided into strategic directions or military regions depending on whether it is a war or peacetime. Unified combatant commands of the Department of Defense (United States) have responsibility for military activities (combat and non-combat) within their area of responsibility. Soviet and Russian Armed F ...
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Pump Station
Pumping stations, also called pumphouses, are public utility buildings containing pumps and equipment for pumping fluids from one place to another. They are critical in a variety of infrastructure systems, such as water supply, drainage of low-lying land, canals and removal of sewage to processing sites. A pumping station is an integral part of a pumped-storage hydroelectricity installation. Pumping stations are designed to move water or sewage from one location to another, overcoming gravitational challenges, and are essential for maintaining navigable canal levels, supplying water, and managing sewage and floodwaters. In canal systems, pumping stations help replenish water lost through lock usage and leakage, ensuring navigability. Similarly, in land drainage, stations pump water to prevent flooding in areas below sea level, a concept pioneered during the Victorian era in places like The Fens in the UK. The introduction of "package pumping stations" has modernized drainage s ...
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United States Marine Corps
The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines or simply the Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through combined arms, implementing its own infantry, artillery, aerial, and special operations forces. The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the six armed forces of the United States and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. The Marine Corps has been part of the United States Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834 with its sister service, the United States Navy. The USMC operates installations on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world. Additionally, several of the Marines' tactical aviation squadrons, primarily Marine Fighter Attack squadrons, are also embedded in Navy carrier air wings and operate from the aircraft carriers. The history of the Marine ...
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Offshore Petroleum Distribution System
Offshore may refer to: Science and technology * Offshore (hydrocarbons) * Offshore construction, construction out at sea * Offshore drilling, discovery and development of oil and gas resources which lie underwater through drilling a well * Offshore hosting, server * Offshore wind power, wind power in a body of water * Offshore geotechnical engineering * Offshore aquaculture Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Offshore'' (novel), a 1979 British novel by Penelope Fitzgerald *The Offshore, an elite enclave of the chosen, in '' 3%'' * ''Offshore'' (album), a 2006 album by Indiana-based post-rock band Early Day Miners * "Offshore" (song), a 1996 song by British electronic dance music act Chicane Finance and law * Offshore bank, relates to the banking industry in offshore centers * Offshore company * Offshore financial centre, jurisdictions which transact financial business with non-residents * Offshore fund, collective investment in offshore centers * Offshore investment, r ...
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SS Mount Washington (T-AOT 5076)
SS ''Mount Washington'' (T-AOT-5076) was an American transport oiler. Originally built for commercial interests, it became one of four Offshore Petroleum Discharge System (OPDS) tankers within the Ready Reserve Force maintained by the United States Maritime Administration. The ''Mount Washington'' was one of the largest of the fleet — long, a beam of , and a fuel capacity of . The ship was designated for scrapping in 2013. History Built in 1963 for the commercial trade, the ''Mount Washington'' was turned over to the Maritime Administration in 1987 and was placed into the Ready Reserve Force as one of 13 "Common User Tankers" for activation in the event of national emergency. Previously layberthed in Houston, the ship was towed to Suisun Bay where she was maintained in a ROS-40 status, meaning she would have been ready for deployment in 40 days or less. ''Mount Washington'' was removed from the reserve fleet on 18 November 2013 for scrapping in Brownsville, Texas. Backgr ...
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SS American Osprey
The ''Schutzstaffel'' (; ; SS; also stylised with SS runes as ''ᛋᛋ'') was a major paramilitary organisation under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II. It began with a small guard unit known as the ''Saal-Schutz'' ("Hall Security") made up of party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. In 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and given its final name. Under his direction (1929–1945) it grew from a small paramilitary formation during the Weimar Republic to one of the most powerful organisations in Nazi Germany. From the time of the Nazi Party's rise to power until the regime's collapse in 1945, the SS was the foremost agency of security, mass surveillance, and state terrorism within Germany and German-occupied Europe. The two main constituent groups were the ''Allgemeine SS'' (General SS) and ''Waffen-SS'' (Armed SS). The ''Allgemeine SS' ...
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SS Petersburg (T-AOT-9101)
SS ''Petersburg'' (T-AOT-9101) was one of Military Sealift Command The Military Sealift Command (MSC) is an organization that controls the replenishment and military transport ships of the United States Navy. Military Sealift Command has the responsibility for providing sealift and ocean transportation for all U ...'s US Government-owned tankers. It had been part of Maritime Prepositioning Ship Squadron Three. Its normal crew complement was 38 civilians and no military personnel. History SS ''Petersburg'' was part of the Ready Reserve Force. She was scrapped in June 2022. Previously, she was berthed in the Suisun Bay Reserve fleet, Benicia, California; prior to that she had served ten years at the island of Guam. In June 2006, the ship participated in exercise Valiant Shield. The ship occasionally left berth in the ready reserve fleet to participate in active and operational training and exercises. Originally built in 1963, the ''Petersburg'' was one in a fleet of five ...
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SS Chesapeake (AOT-5084)
SS ''Chesapeake'' is a transport oiler that was in service with the United States Navy from 2000 to 2009. She was operated by Military Sealift Command. Construction and commercial service 1964–1987 ''Chesapeake'' was built by the Bethlehem Steel Sparrows Point Yard at Baltimore, Maryland, and delivered to the Hess Shipping Company on 29 October 1964. She entered commercial service with the company as the tanker SS ''Hess Voyager''. She was renamed SS ''Chesapeake'' on 22 July 1980. She is a near exact twin to her sister ship . Ready Reserve Force 1987–2000 The U.S. Maritime Administration relieved Hess Shipping of ''Chesapeake'' under an exchange program on 15 December 1987. ''Chesapeake'' was then laid up in the Maritime Administration's Ready Reserve Fleet until 2000. Military Sealift Command Service 2000–2009 ''Chesapeake'' was activated for service in the Military Sealift Command in 2000 as a transport oiler. Interocean Ugland Management Corporation of Voorhee ...
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