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Ingauni
The Ingauni were a Celto-Ligurian tribe dwelling on the Mediterranean coast, around the modern city of Albenga (Liguria), during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Ingauni'' by Livy (late 1st c. BC), ''Ingaunoi'' (”Iγγαυνοι) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), and as ''Ingaunis'' by Pliny (1st c. AD)., s.v. ''Ingauni'' and ''Album Ingaunum''. A Celtic etymology has been suggested by Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel, who derives the name ''Ingauni'' from *''Pingāmnī'' (‘the painted ones'), with loss of initial ''p''-, which would be semantically comparable to the ethnonym ''Picti'' (Picts). According to her, such linguistically Celtic tribal names suggest that a Celto-Ligurian dialect played an important role among the languages spoken in ancient Ligury. The modern city of Albenga, attested as ''oppidum Album Ingaunum'' by Pliny and as ''Albingaunum'' by Strabo, is named after the Ligurian tribe. Geography The Ingauni lived on the Mediterrane ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celto-Ligurian
The Ligures or Ligurians were an ancient people after whom Liguria, a region of present-day north-western Italy, is named. Because of the strong Celtic influences on their language and culture, they were also known in antiquity as Celto-Ligurians. In pre-Roman times, the Ligurians occupied the present-day Italian region of Liguria, Piedmont, northern Tuscany, western Lombardy, western Emilia-Romagna, and northern Sardinia, reaching also Elba and Sicily. They inhabited also the French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and Corsica;Strabo, ''Geography'', book 4, chapter 6Livy, ''History of Rome'', book XLVII however, it is generally believed that around 2000 BC the Ligurians occupied a much larger area, extending as far as what is today Catalonia (in the north-eastern corner of the Iberian Peninsula). The origins of the ancient Ligurians are unclear, and an autochthonous origin is increasingly probable. What little is known today about the ancient Ligurian language is based ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ligures
The Ligures or Ligurians were an ancient people after whom Liguria, a region of present-day Northern Italy, north-western Italy, is named. Because of the strong Celts, Celtic influences on their language and culture, they were also known in antiquity as Celto-Ligurians. In pre-Roman times, the Ligurians occupied the present-day Italian region of Liguria, Piedmont, northern Tuscany, western Lombardy, western Emilia-Romagna, and northern Sardinia, reaching also Elba and Sicily. They inhabited also the Regions of France, French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and Corsica;Strabo, ''Geography'', book 4, chapter 6Livy, ''History of Rome'', book XLVII however, it is generally believed that around 20th century BC, 2000 BC the Ligurians occupied a much larger area, extending as far as what is today Catalonia (in the north-eastern corner of the Iberian Peninsula). The origins of the ancient Ligurians are unclear, and an autochthonous origin is increasingly probable. What little is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albenga
Albenga (; ) is a city and ''comune'' situated on the Gulf of Genoa on the Italian Riviera in the Province of Savona in Liguria, northern Italy. Albenga has the nickname of ''city of a hundred spires''. The economy is mostly based on tourism, local commerce and agriculture. Albenga has six Hamlet (place), hamlets: Lusignano (Albenga), Lusignano, San Fedele, Albenga, San Fedele, Campochiesa (Albenga), Campochiesa, Leca (Albenga), Leca, Bastia (Albenga), Bastia, Salea (Albenga), Salea. The name The name of Albenga comes from the Latin ''Albíngaunum'' that comes from ''Album Ingaunum'', that it means the capital city + genitive plural in -um. The ethnonym Ingauni (Ingauners) consists of Indo-European languages, Indo-European origin, and a name of Gaulish-ligurian land. ''Album'' comes from ''"alb'' o ''alp"'' an ancient pre-Indo-European (rock, hill), often erroneously associated to "album" a Latin word meaning white or clear. The first name was Album Ingaunum, but when it was co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epanterii
The Epanterii or Epanterii Montani were a small Ligurian tribe dwelling in the lower Alps, near the Mediterranean coast, during the Iron Age. Name They are only mentioned once as ''Epanterii Montani'' by Livy (late 1st c. BC). The name ''Epanterii'' appears to be of Indo-European origin. It can be interpreted as deriving from a stem ''*ep-ant-'', that is, 'belonging to the horse' or 'provided with horses'. Geography The Epanterii dwelled in the lower Alps, near the Mediterranean coast. The exact location of their territory remains uncertain. It was possibly situated in the upper Tanarus valley, north of the Intimilii and Ingauni, and east of the Ecdinii and Vesubiani., Map 16: Col. Forum Iulii-Albingaunum. History By the 3rd century BC, the prosperity of thriving Ligurian coastal centres led to recurrent conflicts with mountainous tribes conducting raids on their richer neighbours. During the Second Punic War (218–201 BC), the Carthaginian Mago Barca made an allian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intimilii
The Intimilii or Intemelii were a Ligurian tribe dwelling on the Mediterranean coast, around present-day Ventimiglia, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Intimilii'' by Caelius Rufus (49 BC), ''Intemelii'' by Livy (late 1st c. BC), and as ''Intemélioi'' (Ἰντεμέλιοι) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD). The modern city of Ventimiglia, attested as ''oppidum Album Intimilium'' by Pliny (late 1st c. AD) and as ''Álbion Intemélion'' (Ἄλβιον Ἰντεμέλιον) by Strabo, is named after the Ligurian tribe. The ethnic name ''Intimilii'' appears to be of Indo-European origin. Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel has proposed to interpret their chief town, ''Album Intimilium'', as stemming from an earlier *''Albion Vindi-mell-ion'' ('the white-hill town'). Geography The Intemelli dwelled on the Mediterranean coast, east of Mont Agel around the town of Album Intimilium (modern Ventimiglia). Their territory was located east of the Ved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus
Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus (c. 229 – 160 BC) was a Roman consul, consul of the Roman Republic, as well as a general, who conquered the kingdom of Macedon, Macedonia during the Third Macedonian War. Family Paullus' father was Lucius Aemilius Paullus (consul 219 BC), Lucius Aemilius Paullus, the consul defeated and killed in the Battle of Cannae. He was, in his time, the head of his branch of the Aemilia gens, Aemilii Paulii, an old and aristocratic Patrician (ancient Rome), patrician family. Their influence was immense, particularly due to their fortune and alliance with the Cornelii Scipiones. He was father to Scipio Aemilianus and another son known as Fabius, who were tutored by Paullus' friend Polybius. Early career After the fulfillment of Paullus' military service, and being elected military tribune, he was elected curule aedile in 193. The next step of his ''cursus honorum'' was his election as praetor in 191. During his term of office, he went to the Hispa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 185 BC)
Appius Claudius Pulcher was a Roman politician of the 2nd century BC. Life He was the son of Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 212 BC) and the brother of Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 184 BC). In 197 BC and the three following years, he served as a military tribune under Titus Quinctius Flamininus in Greece in the war with Philip V of Macedon. He was again in Greece in 191 BC, serving first under Marcus Baebius Tamphilus in the war with Antiochus III the Great, and afterwards under the consul Manius Acilius Glabrio against the Aetolians. In 187 BC, he was made a praetor, and the governor of Tarentum, which fell to him by lot as his province. In 185 BC, he was elected as a consul, and gained some advantages over the Ingauni, a Ligurian tribe, and, by his violent interference at the comitia, procured the election of his brother Publius to the consulship. In 184 BC, when Philip was preparing for a new war with the Romans, Appius was sent at the head of an embassy into Macedo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Publius Aelius Paetus
Publius Aelius Paetus (fl. c. 240 BC – 174 BC) was a Roman consul of the late 3rd century BC. He was a prominent supporter of Scipio Africanus, and was elected censor with Africanus in 199. Family Publius Aelius Paetus was apparently the elder surviving son of Quintus Aelius Paetus, a praetor who was killed at Cannae in August 216 BC. The father may have been descended from Publius Aelius Paetus, who was consul in 337 BC and a Master of the Horse, and as such, one of the earliest plebeian consuls; another ancestor may have been Gaius Aelius Paetus, consul in 286 BC. His younger brother was Sextus Aelius Paetus Catus who became consul in 198 and censor in 194, and is best known to us via Cicero as a jurist and commentator on the ''Twelve Tables''. Political life Aelius Paetus makes relatively few appearances in Livy's ''History of Rome.'' He was aedile in 204 BC, was elected praetor in 203 BC and then selected as Master of the Horse, and became consul in 201 with Gnaeus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diano Marina
Diano Marina (, or simply ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region of Liguria, located about southwest of Genoa and about northeast of Imperia. Geography The municipality of Diano Marina contains the ''frazione, frazioni'' (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Diano Calderina, Diano Serreta, Diano Gorleri, Diano Arentino, and borgata Muratori. It borders the following municipalities: Diano Castello, Diano San Pietro, Imperia (city), Imperia, and San Bartolomeo al Mare. Diano Marina is one of the few municipalities along the Ligurian coast with long sandy beaches. The beach season is from 15 May until 15 September. Outside of this season, most of the beaches are accessible to the public. It is also known for its streets lined with orange trees, and is referred to as the "Citta degli aranci" (City of the orange trees). History The origin of Diano Marina dates back to the Upper Paleolithic era and the Iron Age. Various discoveries h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patrizia De Bernardo Stempel
Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel (born 5 April 1953) is an Italian philologist, linguist and scholar of Celtic studies. Biography Patrizia de Bernardo was born on 5 April 1953 in Milan, Italy, the daughter of Mario de Bernardo and Adriana Marra. She studied classics at the University of Milan, where she earned a PhD in 1977. Between 1977 and 1981, she worked as a research assistant at the Institute of Linguistics of the University of Bonn, then as a lecturer in Italian at the Romance Department until 1986. In 1984, she married the German linguist Reinhard Stempel. The following year, she earned a PhD ''summa cum laude'' in Celtic philology, Indo-European linguistics and Romance philology at the University of Bonn, with a dissertation on "The development of the Indo-European liquid and nasal sonants in Celtic". From 1987 to 1989, de Bernardo Stempel was a postdoctoral fellow at the German Research Foundation, then served as a research assistant at the Institute of Linguistics of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semantically
Semantics is the study of linguistic meaning. It examines what meaning is, how words get their meaning, and how the meaning of a complex expression depends on its parts. Part of this process involves the distinction between sense and reference. Sense is given by the ideas and concepts associated with an expression while reference is the object to which an expression points. Semantics contrasts with syntax, which studies the rules that dictate how to create grammatically correct sentences, and pragmatics, which investigates how people use language in communication. Lexical semantics is the branch of semantics that studies word meaning. It examines whether words have one or several meanings and in what lexical relations they stand to one another. Phrasal semantics studies the meaning of sentences by exploring the phenomenon of compositionality or how new meanings can be created by arranging words. Formal semantics relies on logic and mathematics to provide precise frameworks o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnonym
An ethnonym () is a name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (whose name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms, or endonyms (whose name is created and used by the ethnic group itself). For example, the dominant ethnic group of Germany is the Germans. The ethnonym ''Germans'' is a Latin-derived exonym used in the English language, but the Germans call themselves , an endonym. The German people are identified by a variety of exonyms across Europe, such as (French language, French), (Italian language, Italian), (Swedish language, Swedish) and (Polish language, Polish). As a sub-field of anthroponymy, the study of ethnonyms is called ethnonymy or ethnonymics. Ethnonyms should not be confused with demonyms, which designate all the people of a geographic territory, regardless of ethnic or linguistic divisions within its population. Variations Numerous ethnonyms can apply to the same ethni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
