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Inelastic Collision
An inelastic collision, in contrast to an elastic collision, is a collision in which kinetic energy is not conserved due to the action of internal friction. In collisions of macroscopic bodies, some kinetic energy is turned into vibrational energy of the atoms, causing a heating effect, and the bodies are deformed. The molecules of a gas or liquid rarely experience perfectly elastic collisions because kinetic energy is exchanged between the molecules' translational motion and their internal degrees of freedom with each collision. At any one instant, half the collisions are – to a varying extent – inelastic (the pair possesses less kinetic energy after the collision than before), and half could be described as “super-elastic” (possessing ''more'' kinetic energy after the collision than before). Averaged across an entire sample, molecular collisions are elastic. Although inelastic collisions do not conserve kinetic energy, they do obey conservation of momentum. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bouncing Ball Strobe Edit
Bounce or The Bounce may refer to: * Deflection (physics), the event where an object Collision, collides with and bounces against a plane surface Books * Mr. Bounce, a character from the Mr. Men series of children's books Broadcasting, film and TV * Bounce (film), ''Bounce'' (film), 2000 film starring Gwyneth Paltrow and Ben Affleck Radio * WMGC-FM (105.1 The Bounce), a radio station in Detroit, Michigan * KZCE (101.1 The Bounce), a radio station in Phoenix, Arizona * Bounce (radio network), branding for an adult hits format used by several Bell Media Radio stations in Canada since 2021 * CHBN-FM, a radio station in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, known as 91.7 The Bounce from 2005 - 2017 * CJCH-FM, a radio station in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, known as 101.3 The Bounce from 2008 - 2016 Stage productions * Bounce (musical), ''Bounce'' (musical), the original title of ''Road Show'', a musical by Stephen Sondheim and John Weidman Television Networks * Bounce TV, a U.S. television ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rutherford Scattering
The Rutherford scattering experiments were a landmark series of experiments by which scientists learned that every atom has a Atomic nucleus, nucleus where all of its positive charge and most of its mass is concentrated. They deduced this after measuring how an alpha particle beam is scattering, scattered when it strikes a thin Foil (metal), metal foil. The experiments were performed between 1906 and 1913 by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden under the direction of Ernest Rutherford at the Physical Laboratories of the University of Manchester. The physical phenomenon was explained by Rutherford in a classic 1911 paper that eventually led to the widespread use of scattering in particle physics to study subatomic matter. Rutherford scattering or Coulomb scattering is the elastic scattering of charged particles by the Coulomb interaction. The paper also initiated the development of the planetary Rutherford model of the atom and eventually the Bohr model. Rutherford scattering is now ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Projectile
A projectile is an object that is propelled by the application of an external force and then moves freely under the influence of gravity and air resistance. Although any objects in motion through space are projectiles, they are commonly found in warfare and sports (for example, a thrown baseball, kicked football, fired bullet, shot arrow, stone released from catapult). In ballistics, mathematical equations of motion are used to analyze projectile trajectories through launch, flight, and impact. Motive force Blowguns and pneumatic rifles use compressed gases, while most other guns and cannons utilize expanding gases liberated by sudden chemical reactions by propellants like smokeless powder. Light-gas guns use a combination of these mechanisms. Railguns utilize electromagnetic fields to provide acceleration along the entire length of the device, greatly increasing the muzzle velocity. Some projectiles provide propulsion during flight by means of a rocket ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Relative Velocity
The relative velocity of an object ''B'' relative to an observer ''A'', denoted \mathbf v_ (also \mathbf v_ or \mathbf v_), is the velocity vector of ''B'' measured in the rest frame of ''A''. The relative speed v_ = \, \mathbf v_\, is the vector norm of the relative velocity. Classical mechanics In one dimension (non-relativistic) We begin with relative motion in the classical, (or non- relativistic, or the Newtonian approximation) that all speeds are much less than the speed of light. This limit is associated with the Galilean transformation. The figure shows a man on top of a train, at the back edge. At 1:00 pm he begins to walk forward at a walking speed of 10 km/h (kilometers per hour). The train is moving at 40 km/h. The figure depicts the man and train at two different times: first, when the journey began, and also one hour later at 2:00 pm. The figure suggests that the man is 50 km from the starting point after having traveled (by walking and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reduced Mass
In physics, reduced mass is a measure of the effective inertial mass of a system with two or more particles when the particles are interacting with each other. Reduced mass allows the two-body problem to be solved as if it were a one-body problem. Note, however, that the mass determining the gravitational force is ''not'' reduced. In the computation, one mass ''can'' be replaced with the reduced mass, if this is compensated by replacing the other mass with the sum of both masses. The reduced mass is frequently denoted by \mu ( mu), although the standard gravitational parameter is also denoted by \mu (as are a number of other physical quantities). It has the dimensions of mass, and SI unit kg. Reduced mass is particularly useful in classical mechanics. Equation Given two bodies, one with mass ''m''1 and the other with mass ''m''2, the equivalent one-body problem, with the position of one body with respect to the other as the unknown, is that of a single body of mass \m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Impulse (physics)
In classical mechanics, impulse (symbolized by or Imp) is the change in momentum of an object. If the initial momentum of an object is , and a subsequent momentum is , the object has received an impulse : \mathbf=\mathbf_2 - \mathbf_1. Momentum is a Vector (physics), vector quantity, so impulse is also a vector quantity: \sum \mathbf \times \Delta t = \Delta \mathbf. Newton’s second law of motion states that the rate of change of momentum of an object is equal to the resultant force acting on the object: \mathbf=\frac, so the impulse delivered by a steady force acting for time is: \mathbf=\mathbf \Delta t. The impulse delivered by a varying force acting from time to is the integral of the force with respect to time: \mathbf= \int_a^b\mathbf \, \mathrmt. The International System of Units, SI unit of impulse is the newton second (N⋅s), and the dimensional analysis, dimensionally equivalent unit of momentum is the kilogram metre per second (kg⋅m/s). The correspond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Normal (geometry)
In geometry, a normal is an object (e.g. a line, ray, or vector) that is perpendicular to a given object. For example, the normal line to a plane curve at a given point is the infinite straight line perpendicular to the tangent line to the curve at the point. A normal vector is a vector perpendicular to a given object at a particular point. A normal vector of length one is called a unit normal vector or normal direction. A curvature vector is a normal vector whose length is the curvature of the object. Multiplying a normal vector by results in the opposite vector, which may be used for indicating sides (e.g., interior or exterior). In three-dimensional space, a surface normal, or simply normal, to a surface at point is a vector perpendicular to the tangent plane of the surface at . The vector field of normal directions to a surface is known as '' Gauss map''. The word "normal" is also used as an adjective: a line ''normal'' to a plane, the ''normal'' component of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Center Of Momentum Frame
In physics, the center-of-momentum frame (COM frame) of a system, also known as zero-momentum frame, is the inertial frame in which the total momentum of the system vanishes. It is unique up to velocity, but not origin. The ''center of momentum'' of a system is not a location, but a collection of relative momenta/velocities: a reference frame. Thus "center of momentum" is a short for "center-of-momentum ".Dynamics and Relativity, J.R. Forshaw, A.G. Smith, Wiley, 2009, A special case of the center-of-momentum frame is the center-of-mass frame: an inertial frame in which the center of mass (which is a single point) remains at the origin. In all center-of-momentum frames, the center of mass is at rest, but it is not necessarily at the origin of the coordinate system. In special relativity, only when the system is isolated is the COM frame necessarily unique. Properties General The center of momentum frame is defined as the inertial frame in which the sum of the linear momenta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coefficient Of Restitution
In physics, the coefficient of restitution (COR, also denoted by ''e''), can be thought of as a measure of the elasticity of a collision between two bodies. It is a dimensionless parameter defined as the ratio of the relative velocity of separation after a two-body collision to the relative velocity of approach before collision. In most real-word collisions, the value of ''e'' lies somewhere between 0 and 1, where 1 represents a perfectly elastic collision (in which the objects rebound with no loss of speed but in the opposite directions) and 0 a perfectly inelastic collision (in which the objects do not rebound at all, and end up touching). The basic equation, sometimes known as Newton's restitution equation, was developed by Sir Isaac Newton in 1687.\text (e) = \frac Introduction As a property of paired objects The COR is a property of a ''pair'' of objects in a collision, not a single object. If a given object collides with two different objects, each collision has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quark
A quark () is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nucleus, atomic nuclei. All commonly observable matter is composed of up quarks, down quarks and electrons. Owing to a phenomenon known as ''color confinement'', quarks are never found in isolation; they can be found only within hadrons, which include baryons (such as protons and neutrons) and mesons, or in quark–gluon plasmas. There is also the theoretical possibility of #Other_phases_of_quark_matter, more exotic phases of quark matter. For this reason, much of what is known about quarks has been drawn from observations of hadrons. Quarks have various Intrinsic and extrinsic properties, intrinsic physical property, properties, including electric charge, mass, color charge, and Spin (physics), spin. They are the only elementary particles in the Standard Mode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electric Charge
Electric charge (symbol ''q'', sometimes ''Q'') is a physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. Electric charge can be ''positive'' or ''negative''. Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. An object with no net charge is referred to as neutral particle, electrically neutral. Early knowledge of how charged substances interact is now called classical electrodynamics, and is still accurate for problems that do not require consideration of quantum mechanics, quantum effects. In an isolated system, the total charge stays the same - the amount of positive charge minus the amount of negative charge does not change over time. Electric charge is carried by subatomic particles. In ordinary matter, negative charge is carried by electrons, and positive charge is carried by the protons in the atomic nucleus, nuclei of atoms. If there are more electrons than protons in a piece of matter, it will have a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
