|
Indonesian Occupation Of East Timor
The Indonesian occupation of East Timor began in December 1975 and lasted until October 1999. After centuries of Portuguese Timor, Portuguese colonial rule in East Timor, the 1974 Carnation Revolution in Portugal led to the decolonisation of its former colonies, creating instability in East Timor and leaving its future uncertain. After a East Timorese civil war, small-scale civil war, the pro-independence Fretilin declared victory in the capital city of Dili and declared an Democratic Republic of East Timor (1975), independent East Timor on 28 November 1975. Following the "Balibo Declaration" that was signed by representatives of Apodeti, Timorese Democratic Union, UDT, Association of Timorese Heroes, KOTA and the Trabalhista Party on 30 November 1975, Indonesian military forces invaded East Timor on 7 December 1975, and by 1979 they had all but destroyed the armed resistance to the occupation. On 17 July 1976, Indonesia formally annexed East Timor as its 27th province and dec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cold War
The Cold War was a period of global Geopolitics, geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, which lasted from 1947 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The term ''Cold war (term), cold war'' is used because there was no direct fighting between the two superpowers, though each supported opposing sides in regional conflicts known as proxy wars. In addition to the struggle for ideological and economic influence and an arms race in both conventional and Nuclear arms race, nuclear weapons, the Cold War was expressed through technological rivalries such as the Space Race, espionage, propaganda campaigns, Economic sanctions, embargoes, and sports diplomacy. After the end of World War II in 1945, during which the US and USSR had been allies, the USSR installed satellite state, satellite governments in its occupied territories in Eastern Europe and N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feisal Tanjung
General Feisal Edno Tanjung (17 June 1939 – 18 February 2013), known as Feisal Tanjung, was an Indonesian Army general who was ABRI Commander (from 21 May 1993 to 12 February 1998) and also served as Coordinating Minister for Politics and Security of the Republic of Indonesia. He had experience in combat, territorial and education. Much of his career was spent in special forces, Sandhi Yudha RPKAD Group (Kopassus) and later at the Kostrad 17th Airborne Infantry Brigade. Early life He was born in Tarutung, North Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia (then Dutch East Indies) on 17 June 1939. He was the 5th son of 10 brothers from the couple Amin Husin Abdul Mun'im Tanjung and Siti Rawani Hutagalung. The middle name "Edno" in the name is adjusted to the order of birth (E is the 5th letter of the alphabet). He was a Batak by ethnicity with Muslim religious faith. Career Feisal Tanjung had served in ABRI after graduating from the National Military Academy in 1961. After serving at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rogério Lobato
Rogério Tiago De Fatima Lobato (born 25 July 1949) is a Timorese politician who was the former minister of defence and minister of interior belonging to Fretilin who is now the current president of the Special Administrative Region of Oecusse. He was a founding member of the first independent government of East Timor, in 1975, led by Fretilin. He is also the brother of the late Nicolau Lobato, the second president of the country who was killed in action by the Indonesian Army in late 1978. In 2006 Lobato resigned as Minister over a dispute with the military over alleged discrimination. Lobato was jailed on five charges of arming civilians during the 2006 East Timorese crisis in March 2007 and sentenced seven and a half years in jail. The arming of civilians occurred after the country's police force had disintegrated, during a coup attempt. In 2007, Rogério Lobato tried to leave the country to go to Malaysia for heart surgery resulting in a standoff at Dili Airport. In 200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanana Gusmão
José Alexandre "Xanana" Gusmão (; born 20 June 1946) is an East Timorese politician. He has served as the 6th prime minister of East Timor since 2023, previously serving in that position from 2007 to 2015. A former rebel, he also served as East Timor's first president since its re-establishment of independence from 2002 to 2007. Early life and career Gusmão was born in , Manatuto, in what was then Portuguese Timor, as the second son in a large family. His parents, both of whom were school teachers, were of mixed Portuguese-Timorese ancestry, and his family were '' assimilados''. He attended a Jesuit school in Dare, just outside Dili, and Dili High School. After leaving high-school for financial reasons at the age of 15 in 1961, he held a variety of unskilled jobs, while continuing his education at night school. In 1965, aged 19, Gusmão met Emilia Batista, who was later to become his wife. His nickname, "Xanana", was taken from the name of the American rock and roll ban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nino Konis Santana
Nino Konis Santana (12 January 1957 in Vero, Tutuala, Lautém District – 11 March 1998 in Ermera District) was an East Timorese freedom fighter who led the Falintil militia between April 1993 and his death in March 1998 during the Indonesian occupation of East Timor, succeeding after the latter's capture in 1993. Santana died in an accident, after he was shot in the leg during an Indonesian ambush. He was succeeded by Taur Matan Ruak. See also * Indonesian invasion of East Timor The Indonesian invasion of East Timor, known in Indonesia as Operation Lotus (), began on 7 December 1975 when the Indonesian military (ABRI/TNI) invaded East Timor under the pretext of anti-colonialism and anti-communism to overthrow the Fre ... References East Timorese politicians 1957 births 1998 deaths People from Lautém Municipality Military personnel killed in action East Timorese military personnel Accidental deaths in Asia {{EastTimor-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taur Matan Ruak
José Maria de Vasconcelos (born 10 October 1956), popularly known as Taur Matan Ruak (Tetum for "Two Sharp Eyes"), is an East Timorese politician who served as 9th prime minister of East Timor from 2018 to 2023. He also served as 5th president of East Timor from 2012 to 2017. Before entering politics, he was the commander of the FALINTIL-''Forças de Defesa de Timor-Leste'' (F-FDTL), the military of East Timor, from 2002 until 6 October 2011. Prior to serving in the F-FDTL, he was the last commander of the Armed Forces of National Liberation of East Timor or FALINTIL (''Forças Armadas para a Liberação Nacional de Timor Leste''), the insurgent army that resisted the Indonesian occupation of the territory from 1975 to 1999. Leaving the military in 2011, he stood as an independent candidate in the 2012 presidential election and prevailed in the second round of the vote, held in April 2012. Biography On 7 December 1975, when Indonesia invaded and occupied East Timor, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mari Alkatiri
Mari bin Amude Alkatiri ( '; born 26 November 1949) is a Timorese politician. He was Prime Minister of East Timor from May 2002 until his resignation on 26 June 2006 following weeks of political unrest in the country, and again from September 2017 until May 2018.Agence France-Presse (2006)East Timor PM quits Retrieved 26 June 2006. He is the Secretary-General of the Fretilin party and was the former President of the Special Administrative Region of Oecusse. Alkatiri is an Hadhrami Arab by ethnicity and comes from the Al-Kathiri tribe, a branch of which ruled the sultanate of Kathiri in the Hadhramaut, which is now part of Yemen. He is one of very few Muslim politicians in a country that is largely Christian. The main issues facing his second term as prime minister were environmental conservation, cultural conservation, accession of East Timor to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, free public education and public health services, and building the country's economy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolau Dos Reis Lobato
Nicolau dos Reis Lobato (24 May 1946 – 31 December 1978) was an East Timorese politician who is considered a national hero of the country. Biography Lobato was born in Soibada, Portuguese Timor, on 24 May 1946. Lobato was the first Prime Minister of East Timor, prime minister of the Democratic Republic of East Timor (1975), Democratic Republic of East Timor from 28 November to 7 December 1975. Upon the Indonesian invasion of East Timor, invasion by the Indonesian military, Lobato, along with other key Fretilin leaders, fled into the Timorese hinterland to fight against the occupying forces. On the final day of 1978, Lobato was ambushed by Indonesian special forces led by Lieutenant Prabowo Subianto (later son-in-law of President Suharto, now Indonesian president since 2024) at Mount Mindelo. He was killed after being shot in the stomach on 31 December 1978 and his body was brought to Dili to be inspected by Indonesian press. What then happened to his body is unknown, but th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Xavier Do Amaral
Francisco Xavier do Amaral (3 December 1937 – 6 March 2012) was an East Timorese politician. A founder of the ''Frente Revolucionária de Timor Leste Independente'' (Fretilin), Amaral was sworn in as the first President of East Timor when the country, then a Portuguese colony, made a unilateral declaration of independence on 28 November 1975. He was a member of the National Parliament for the Timorese Social Democratic Association from 2001 until his death in 2012. Amaral was also known as "Abo (Grandfather) Xavier", a term of endearment, by East Timorese. Biography Early life A member of the Mambai ethnic group, Amaral was a descendant of kings who ruled what is now the south-central Manufahi District of East Timor. President of East Timor Amaral founded the Timorese Social Democratic Association in the early 1970s. The party, which is considered a forerunner of the Fretilin, advocated for independence from Portugal. Amaral was sworn in as the country's first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurico Guterres
Eurico Barros Gomes Guterres (born 4 July 1969) is an Indonesian anti-Timorese independence militiaman who was recruited by the Indonesian military during East Timor's bid for independence between 1999 and 2000. He was involved in several massacres in East Timor, and was a chief militia leader during the post-independence massacres and destruction of the capital Dili. Indonesia officially convicted and sentenced Guterres to ten years imprisonment in November 2002, for which he was incarcerated in 2006 until 2008. In August 2003 he formed ''Laskar Merah Putih'' (The Red and White Warriors) in Indonesian Papua. Elsham leader Aloysius Renwarin reported Guterres had 200 members consisting of Indonesian expatriates from Maluku, Timor and Sulawesi in December 2003 when Guterres requested the local government to provide his organisation offices in Timika, Papua. Background Guterres was born in Uatulari (near Viqueque), East Timor. His parents were killed in 1976 by Indonesia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Abílio Osório Soares
José Abílio Osório Soares (; 2 June 1947 – 17 June 2007) was a Timorese politician. He was the last governor of the Indonesian province of East Timor before the country's independence. Personal life During the Indonesian occupation of East Timor in 1975 to 1999, Soares became Mayor of Dili, later Regent ('' Bupati'') of his hometown of Manatuto and from 18 September 1992 until 1999, the last governor of the province of Timor Timur. Immediately after taking office, he outraged the world with his statement that "many more should have died" in the Santa Cruz massacre that had taken place shortly before. In May 1994, he proposed an autonomy within Indonesia to resolve the East Timor conflict, which was rejected by the Indonesian President Suharto as unconstitutional. Soares was then sent to Jakarta for four months on a military course, which was to be considered a disciplinary measure. During Soares second term in office from September 1997, his involvement in corruption c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
