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Indian Telegraph Act, 1885
The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 was the enabling legislation in India which governed the use of wired and wireless telegraphy, telephones, teletype, radio communications and digital data communications. It gives the Government of India exclusive jurisdiction and privileges for establishing, maintaining, operating, licensing and oversight of all forms of wired and wireless communications within Indian territory. It also authorizes government law enforcement agencies to monitor/intercept communications and tap phone lines under conditions defined within the Indian Constitution. The act came into force on 1 October 1885. Since that time, numerous amendments have been passed to update the act to respond to changes in technology. The legislation was repealed after the passage of the Telecommunications Bill 2023. Background The Indian Telegraph Act, passed in 1883, was intended to give the Central Government power to establish telegraph lines on private as well as public property. At th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Legislative Council
The Imperial Legislative Council (ILC) was the legislature of British Raj, British India from 1861 to 1947. It was established under the Government of India Act 1858 by providing for the addition of six additional members to the Governor General Council for legislative purposes. Thus, the act separated the legislative and executive functions of the council and it was this body within the Governor General's Council which came to known as the Indian/Central Legislative Council. In 1861 it was renamed as Imperial Legislative Council and the strength was increased. It succeeded the Council of Four (India), Council of the Governor-General of India, and was succeeded by the Constituent Assembly of India and after 1950, was succeeded by Parliament of India. During the rule of the East India Company, the council of the Governor-General of India had both executive and legislative responsibilities. The council had four members elected by the Court of Directors. The first three members were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Press Information Bureau
The Press Information Bureau, commonly abbreviated as PIB, is a nodal agency of the Government of India under Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Based in National Media Centre, New Delhi, Press Information Bureau disseminates information to print, electronic and web media on government plans, policies, programme initiatives and achievements. It is available in 14 Indian official languages, which are Dogri, Punjabi, Bengali, Odia, Gujarati, Marathi, Meitei ( Manipuri), Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, Konkani and Urdu, in addition to Hindi and English, out of the 22 official languages of the Republic of India. The head of PIB is also the Official Spokesperson of the Government of India and holds the rank of Principal Director General (Special Secretary equivalent). The post is currently headed by Rajesh Malhotra. History The Press Information Bureau was established in June 1919 as a small cell under Home Ministry under the British government. Its main task w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amateur Station Operator's Certificate
Amateur radio or amateur radio, ham radio is practised by more than 22,000 licensed users in India. The first amateur radio operator was licensed in 1921, and by the mid-1930s, there were around 20 amateur radio operators in India. Amateur radio operators played an important part in the Indian independence movement with the establishment of illegal pro-independence radio stations in the 1940s. The three decades after India's independence saw only slow growth in the number of operators until the then Prime Minister of India and amateur radio operator, Rajiv Gandhi (VU2RG), waived the import duty on wireless equipment in 1984. Since then, numbers have picked up, and , there were more than 16,000 operators in the country. Amateur radio operators have played a vital role during disasters and national emergencies such as earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones, floods, and bomb blasts, by providing voluntary Amateur radio emergency communications, emergency communications in the affected areas. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wireless Planning And Coordination Wing
The Wireless Planning & Coordination Wing (WPC) is a Wing of Department of Telecommunications coming under the Ministry of Communications of the Government of India. The department is responsible for issuing amateur radio licenses, allotting the frequency spectrum and monitoring the frequency spectrum. The WPC is headquartered in New Delhi and has regional branches in Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and Guwahati. WPC is divided into major sections like Licensing and Regulation (LR), New Technology Group (NTG) and Standing Advisory Committee on Radio Frequency Allocation (SACFA). SACFA makes recommendations on major frequency allocation issues, formulation of the frequency allocation plan, making recommendations on the various issues related to International Telecom Union (ITU), to sort out problems referred to the committee by various wireless users, siting clearance of all wireless installations in the country, etc. Technical Group 'A' officers manning this organisation comes under cad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amateur Radio
Amateur radio, also known as ham radio, is the use of the radio frequency radio spectrum, spectrum for purposes of non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, self-training, private recreation, radiosport, contesting, and emergency, emergency communications. The term ''"radio amateur"'' is used to specify ''"a duly authorized person interested in radioelectric practice with a purely personal aim and without wikt:pecuniary, pecuniary interest"'' (either direct monetary or other similar reward); and to differentiate it from commercial broadcasting, public safety (police and fire), or two-way radio professional services (maritime, aviation, taxis, etc.). The amateur radio service (''amateur service'' and ''amateur-satellite service'') is established by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) through their recommended radio regulations. National governments regulate technical and operational characteristics of transmissions and issue individual station li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RISAT-2
RISAT-2, or Radar Imaging Satellite-2 was an Indian radar imaging reconnaissance satellite that was part of India's RISAT programme. It was procured from Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and successfully launched aboard a PSLV-CA launch vehicle at 01:15:00 UTC on 20 April 2009 from the Second Launch Pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. It is designed to monitor India's borders and as part of anti-infiltration and anti-terrorist operations. The satellite has a mass of . History RISAT-2 was procured following the 2008 Mumbai attacks, due to delay with the indigenously developed C-band for RISAT-1. It is India's first dedicated radar reconnaissance satellite. RISAT-2 was procured at a cost of USD 200 million from Israel. In terms of configuration and capability it is identical to TecSAR-1 launched in 2008 by ISRO's PSLV which marked the beginning of India-Israel space cooperation. Technical capabilities RISAT-2 was India's first satellite with a synthetic-aperture ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RISAT-1
Radar Imaging Satellite 1 or RISAT-1, was an Indian remote sensing satellite built and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The second RISAT satellite to be launched, it used a C-band 5.35 GHz synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) for Earth observation. The launch of RISAT-1 came several years after that of RISAT-2, which carried an Israeli-built X-band radar. The RISAT-2 mission was prioritised over RISAT-1 following the 2008 Mumbai attacks, resulting in RISAT-1 being delayed by several years. Satellite description RISAT-1 had a mass at liftoff of , making it the heaviest Earth observation satellite to be launched by India, and the heaviest satellite to be launched using a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. It had the capability to take images of Earth during day and night, as well as in cloudy conditions. The satellite is equipped with a 160 × 4 Mbit/s data handling system, 50 Newton-metre-second reaction wheels, and a phased array antenna with dual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RISAT
RISAT (Radar Imaging Satellite) is a series of Indian radar imaging reconnaissance satellites built by the ISRO, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). They provide all-weather surveillance using synthetic aperture radars (SAR). The ''RISAT'' series are the first all-weather Earth observation satellites from ISRO. Previous Indian observation satellites relied primarily on optical and spectral sensors which were hampered by cloud cover. After the 26 November 2008, 2008 Mumbai attacks, the launch plan was modified to launch RISAT-2 before RISAT-1, since the indigenous C band (IEEE), C-band SAR to be used for RISAT-1 was not ready. RISAT-2 used an Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) X-band SAR sensor similar to the one employed on TecSAR. Satellites RISAT 2 RISAT-2 was the last of the RISAT series to reach orbit. It was launched successfully on 20 April 2009 at 0015 hours GMT by a PSLV rocket. The 300-kg satellite was built by ISRO using a X-band SAR manufactured by IAI. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartosat-2B
Cartosat-2B is an Earth observation satellite in a Sun-synchronous orbit and the fourth of the Cartosat series of satellites. The satellite is the seventeenth satellite in the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite series to be built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Instrument The satellite carries a panchromatic camera (PAN) capable of taking black-and-white pictures in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. The highly agile Cartosat-2B can be steered up to 26° along as well as across the direction of its movement to facilitate imaging of any area more frequently. Very-high-resolution land imagery. Launch It was launched along with the 116 kg Algerian satellite Alsat-2A, one nanosatellite each from Canada ( AISSat-1) and Switzerland (TIsat-1), and STUDSAT-1, an Indian picosatellite, on 12 July 2010, at 03:52 UTC in a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle ( PSLV-C15) launch vehicle from the spaceport at Sriharikota. See also * List of In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartosat-2A
Cartosat-2A is an Earth observation satellite in a Sun-synchronous orbit and the third of the Cartosat series of satellites. The satellite is the thirteenth satellite in the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite series to be built, launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation. Launch It was launched by the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle ( PSLV-C9) on 28 April 2008, «t 03:54:00 UTC, along with the 87 kg Indian Mini Satellite ( IMS-1) and eight nano research satellites belonging to research facilities. The CanX-2 and the CanX-6 of Canada, the AAUSAT-2 of Denmark, the Compass-1 and the Rubin-8 of Germany, the CUTE-1.7 of Japan, and the Delfi-C3 of the Netherlands. IMS-1 satellite The IMS-1 satellite is a Ministry of Defence mission for the Government of India. It is a dedicated satellite for the Indian Armed Forces (IAF) which is in the process of establishing an Aerospace Command. Payload The satellite carries a panchromatic (PAN) camera capable o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Technology Experiment Satellite
Technology Experiment Satellite (TES) is an Indian remote sensing and photo-reconnaissance satellite. Launch Technology Experiment Satellite (TES) was launched by the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle#PSLV-C3, PSLV-C3 rocket from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota on the southeast coast of India at 04:53 Coordinated Universal Time, UT on 22 October 2001. This was the fifth consecutive successful launch of the 294-tonne Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle rocket and the second launch to deploy multiple satellites. The 1,108 kg TES satellite carried a one-meter resolution panchromatic camera and was an experimental satellite designed to demonstrate and validate technologies in orbit that could be used in future satellites of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). TES was successfully placed in a 572 km Sun-synchronous orbit on 22 October 2001 using PSLV-C3. PSLV-C3 also deployed two additional satellites: PROBA, a Belgian satellite, and BIRD (satellite), BIRD, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GEO-Mobile Radio Interface
GEO-Mobile Radio Interface (GEO stands for Geostationary Earth Orbit), better known as GMR, is an ETSI standard for satellite phones. The GMR standard is derived from the 3GPP-family terrestrial digital cellular standards and supports access to GSM/UMTS core networks. It is used by ACeS, ICO, Inmarsat, SkyTerra, TerreStar and Thuraya. There are two widely deployed variants of GMR, both heavily modeled after GSM * GMR-1: The first version of the standard and that has evolved over time into 3 different revisions: ** GMR-1: The basic circuit switched model, more or less corresponding to what GSM Phase 2 is, and using exactly the same core network infrastructure. ** GMPRS (GEO-Mobile Packet Radio Service): Adding support for packet data. The equivalent of GPRS in the GSM world. Still connected to a 'Gb' style core network. ** GMR-1 3G: Adds support for some new channel types, but the most important changes are in the core network, adding interoperability with UMTS core network compon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
