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Independentes
Independentes ('Independents') was a Portuguese artist group known for exhibitions of abstract art, active in the 1940s. The exhibitions' main organizer and coordinator, painter and architect Fernando Lanhas, coincidentally is the central figure of Portuguese abstractionism. After the I Exhibition in April 1943 in the Fine Arts School of Porto, with sculptures by Altino Maia, Mário Truta, Arlindo Rocha, Serafim Teixeira, Augusto Tavares and Manuel Pereira da Silva, the Independentes exhibitions were started when the sculptures were placed outside the school and several times outside Porto. A first effort towards decentralization, this did not avoid a certain marginalization of the Porto artists in events and initiatives of greater visibility and impact in the Lisbon, capital. Then the II Independentes Exhibition shows were held in February 1944 at the Atheneum Commercial of Porto, with sculptures by Altino Maia, Arlindo Rocha, Eduardo Tavares, Joaquim Meireles, Manuel da Cunha Mo ...
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Nadir Afonso
Nadir Afonso, Order of St. James of the Sword, GOSE (4 December 1920 – 11 December 2013) was a Portuguese Geometric abstract art, geometric abstractionist painter. Formally trained in architecture, which he practiced early in his career with Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer, Nadir Afonso later studied painting in Paris and became one of the pioneers of Kinetic art, working alongside Victor Vasarely, Fernand Léger, Auguste Herbin, and André Bloc. As a theorist of his own geometry-based aesthetics, published in several books, Nadir Afonso defended the idea that art is purely objective and ruled by laws that treat art not as an act of imagination but of observation, perception, and form manipulation. Nadir Afonso achieved international recognition early in his career and many of his works are in museums. His most famous works are the Nadir Afonso artworks#Cities series, ''Cities'' series, which depict places all around the world. He was known to have painted into his later years ...
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