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Imminent Lawless Action
"Imminent lawless action" is one of several legal standards American courts use to determine whether certain speech is protected under the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. The standard was first established in 1969 in the United States Supreme Court case '' Brandenburg v. Ohio.'' History ''Brandenburg'' clarified what constituted a "clear and present danger", the standard established by ''Schenck v. United States'' (1919) and overruled by ''Whitney v. California'' (1927), which had held that speech that merely advocated violence could be made illegal. Under the imminent lawless action test, speech is not protected by the First Amendment if the speaker intends to incite a violation of the law that is both imminent and likely. While the precise meaning of "imminent" may be ambiguous in some cases, the Supreme Court provided later clarification in '' Hess v. Indiana'' (1973), which found that Hess's words were protected under "his rights to free speech",''Hess v. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Amendment To The United States Constitution
The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prevents Federal government of the United States, Congress from making laws respecting an Establishment Clause, establishment of religion; prohibiting the Free Exercise Clause, free exercise of religion; or abridging the Freedom of speech in the United States, freedom of speech, the Freedom of the press in the United States, freedom of the press, the freedom of assembly, or the Right to petition in the United States, right to petition the government for redress of grievances. It was adopted on December 15, 1791, as one of the ten amendments that constitute the United States Bill of Rights, Bill of Rights. In the original draft of the Bill of Rights, what is now the First Amendment occupied third place. The first two articles were not ratified by the states, so the article on disestablishment and free speech ended up being first. The Bill of Rights was proposed to assuage Anti-Federalism, Anti-Federalist oppo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shouting Fire In A Crowded Theater
"Shouting ''fire'' in a crowded theater" is a popular analogy for speech or actions whose principal purpose is to create panic, and in particular for speech or actions which may for that reason be thought to be outside the scope of free speech protections. The phrase is a paraphrasing of a dictum, or non-binding statement, from Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.'s opinion in the United States Supreme Court case ''Schenck v. United States'' in 1919, which held that the defendant's speech in opposition to the draft during World War I was not protected free speech under the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. The case was later partially overturned by '' Brandenburg v. Ohio'' in 1969, which limited the scope of banned speech to that directed to and likely to incite imminent lawless action (e.g. an immediate riot). The paraphrasing differs from Holmes's original wording in that it typically does not include the word ''falsely'', while also adding the word ''crowded' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illegal Speech In The United States
In the United States, freedom of speech and expression is strongly protected from government restrictions by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, many state constitutions, and state and federal laws. Freedom of speech, also called ''free speech'', means the free and public expression of opinions without censorship, interference and restraint by the government. The term "freedom of speech" embedded in the First Amendment encompasses the decision what to say as well as what not to say. The Supreme Court of the United States has recognized several categories of speech that are given lesser or no protection by the First Amendment and has recognized that governments may enact reasonable time, place, or manner restrictions on speech. The First Amendment's constitutional right of free speech, which is applicable to state and local governments under the incorporation doctrine, prevents only government restrictions on speech, not restrictions imposed by private individuals o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terminiello V
''Terminiello v. City of Chicago'', 337 U.S. 1 (1949), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that a "breach of peace" ordinance of the City of Chicago that banned speech that "stirs the public to anger, invites dispute, brings about a condition of unrest, or creates a disturbance" was unconstitutional under the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution.. Background Arthur Terminiello, a Catholic priest under suspension, gave a speech to the Christian Veterans of America in which he criticized various racial groups and made a number of inflammatory comments. There were approximately 800 people present in the auditorium during the speech and a crowd of approximately 1,000 people outside, protesting the speech. The Chicago Police Department was present, but was unable to maintain order completely. Terminiello was later assessed a fine of $100 for violation of Chicago's breach of peace ordinance, which he appealed. Both the Illi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sacher V
Sacher is a surname. Origins can be traced back to Germany. Notable people with the surname include: * Franz Sacher, Austrian baker **Hotel Sacher, a five-star hotel in Vienna * Harry Sacher, British Zionist and lawyer * Lara Sacher, Australian actress *Paul Sacher Paul Sacher (28 April 190626 May 1999) was a Swiss conductor, patron and billionaire businessman. At the time of his death Sacher was majority shareholder of pharmaceutical company Hoffmann-La Roche and was considered the third richest person i ..., Swiss conductor, patron and impresario * Sarolta Zalatnay (born Charlotte Sacher, 1947), Hungarian singer See also * Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Austrian writer and journalist {{surname, Sacher German-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masses Publishing Co
Mass is the quantity of matter in a physical body and a measure of the body's inertia. Mass or may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Music *Mass (music), a choral composition that sets liturgical text to music * ''Mass'' (Stravinsky), a composition by Igor Stravinsky * ''Mass'' (Bernstein), a musical theater work by Leonard Bernstein * Mass (English band), a post-punk band * ''Mass'' (Grotus album), 1996 * ''Mass'' (Alastair Galbraith album), 2011 * ''Mass'' (The Gazette album), 2021 * ''The Mass'' (album), by musical project Era Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media * ''Mass'' (2004 film), Indian Telugu-language film * ''Mass'', Hindi title of the 2015 Indian Tamil-language film ''Massu Engira Masilamani'' * ''Mass'' (2021 film), American drama film * ''Mass'' (novel), a 1973 novel by Filipino author F. Sionil José * Mass media, communication channels which can reach huge numbers of people * '' The Masses'', a socialist magazine published in the US from 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korematsu V
''Korematsu v. United States'', 323 U.S. 214 (1944), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that upheld the internment of Japanese Americans from the West Coast Military Area during World War II. The decision has been widely criticized, with some scholars describing it as "an odious and discredited artifact of popular bigotry", and as "a stain on American jurisprudence". The case is often cited as one of the worst Supreme Court decisions of all time. Chief Justice John Roberts repudiated the ''Korematsu'' decision in his majority opinion in the 2018 case of ''Trump v. Hawaii'' and later confirmed that the Court had overruled the decision in a footnote in '' Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard''. In the aftermath of Imperial Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt had issued Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942, authorizing the U.S. War Department to create military areas from which any or all Americans might be excluded. Subs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feiner V
Feiner is an occupational surname meaning the occupation of the refiner and polisher of precious metals, cf. " Finer". It may refer to: *Irving Feiner, plaintiff in Feiner v. New York *Leon Feiner, Polish-Jewish lawyer, political activist * Michael Feiner, Swedish musician *Steven K. Feiner Steven K. Feiner is an American computer scientist, serving as Professor for computer science at Columbia University in the field of computer graphics. He is well-known for his research in augmented reality (AR), and co-author of ''Computer Graph ..., American computer scientist * William Feiner, German Jesuit missionary *Yehiel Feiner, birth name of Yehiel De-Nur, Jewish writer, Holocaust survivor See also * References {{surname German-language surnames Yiddish-language surnames Occupational surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaplinsky V
''Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire'', 315 U.S. 568 (1942), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court articulated the fighting words doctrine, a limitation of the First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech. Background On April 6, 1940, Walter Chaplinsky, a Jehovah's Witness, was using the public sidewalk as a pulpit in downtown Rochester, New Hampshire, distributing pamphlets and denouncing organized religion as a "racket". After a large crowd had begun blocking the roads and causing a scene, a police officer removed Chaplinsky to take him to police headquarters. Upon seeing the town marshal (who had returned to the scene after having previously warned Chaplinsky to remain peaceful and avoid causing a commotion), Chaplinsky verbally attacked the marshal and was then arrested. The complaint against Chaplinsky stated that he shouted "You are a goddamned racketeer" and "a damned fascist". Chaplinsky admitted that he said the words charged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abrams V
Abrams may refer to: __NOTOC__ People * Abrams (surname), a list of notable people with the surname Places United States * Abrams, Wisconsin, a town * Abrams (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community * Abrams Mountain, Colorado * Abrams Creek (Tennessee) * Abrams Creek (Virginia) * Abrams Run, West Virginia, a stream Elsewhere * Mount Abrams, Graham Land, Antarctica Other uses * M1 Abrams, the main battle tank of the United States Army * '' Abrams v. United States'', 250 U.S. 616 (1919), a U.S. Supreme Court decision regarding free speech during times of war * Abrams Air Craft Corporation, an American aircraft manufacturer * Abrams Books, U.S. publishing house * ''Abrams Discoveries'', a non-fiction book series published by Harry N. Abrams * The Abrams, a Canadian country music band See also * Abrams Planetarium, the planetarium on the campus of Michigan State University * Abram (other) Abram is the Biblical patriarch. Abram may also refer to: * A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of United States Supreme Court Cases, Volume 395
This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 395 of the ''United States Reports The ''United States Reports'' () are the official record (law reports) of the Supreme Court of the United States. They include rulings, orders, case tables (list of every case decided), in alphabetical order both by the name of the petitioner ( ...'': External links {{SCOTUSCases, 395 1969 in United States case law ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
