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Il’mena
''Lydia'' was a US merchant ship that sailed on maritime fur trading ventures in the early 1800s. In December 1813 it was sold to the Russian–American Company and renamed ''Il'mena'', also spelled ''Ilmena'' and ''Il'men''' (Russian: Ильмена). As both ''Lydia'' and ''Il'mena'' it was involved in notable events. Today it is best known for its role in an 1814 massacre of the Nicoleño natives of San Nicolas Island, which ultimately resulted in one Nicoleño woman, known as Juana Maria, living alone on the island for many years. These events became the basis for Scott O'Dell's 1960 children's novel ''Island of the Blue Dolphins'' and the 1964 film adaptation ''Island of the Blue Dolphins''. The vessel was a brig built in the East Indies of teak. In April 1809 ''Lydia'', under captain Thomas Brown, left Boston for the Pacific Northwest Coast. In 1810 Brown rescued the Russian survivors of '' Sv. Nikolai'' ("St. Nicholas"), which had wrecked on the Olympic Peninsula in No ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Russian-American Company
The flag of the Russian-American Company, first adopted in 1806, consisted of a variation of the horizontal white-blue-red tricolor of the flag of Russia, but with the white stripe broader than the other two, and containing a double-headed eagle symbol of the company. The exact form and placement of the eagle was subject to variations, before Russian rule over Alaska ended in 1867. History Origins On September 28 (October 10, new style), 1806, Emperor Alexander I of Russia made a notation on the design submitted to him of a new flag for the Russian-American Company: "So be it", and added his royal cypher, cypher, thereby approving the first flag in Russia's history to be used by an Imperial chartered company. After Imperial confirmation, the ukaz was heard in the Senate, and on 19 October 1806 was sent for execution to the main office of the Russian-American Company (RAC), and also to the Admiralty and Commerce colleges.Federova, Svetlana: Notes on Russian America, Part 1: Nov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicoleño
The Nicoleño were the people who lived on San Nicolas Island in California at the time of European contact. They spoke a Uto-Aztecan language. The population of the island was "left devastated by a massacre in 1811 by usso-Alaskan sea otter hunters." Its last surviving member, who was given the name Juana Maria, was born before 1811 and died in 1853. Prehistory Archaeological evidence suggests that San Nicolas island, like the other Channel Islands, has been populated for at least 10,000 years, though perhaps not continuously. It is thought the Nicoleño people were closely related to the people of Santa Catalina and San Clemente Islands; these were members of the Takic branch of the Uto-Aztecan people and were related to the Tongva of modern-day Los Angeles County. The name Nicoleño has been conventional since its use by Alfred L. Kroeber in ''Handbook of Indians of California''; the Chumash called them the ''Niminocotch'' and called San Nicolas ''Ghalas-at''. Their name for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleut
Aleuts ( ; (west) or (east) ) are the Indigenous people of the Aleutian Islands, which are located between the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. Both the Aleuts and the islands are politically divided between the US state of Alaska and the Russian administrative division of Kamchatka Krai. This group is also known as the Unangax̂ in Unangam Tunuu, the Aleut language. There are 13 federally recognized Aleut tribes in the Aleut Region of Alaska. In 2000, Aleuts in Russia were recognized by government decree as a small-numbered Indigenous people. Etymology In the Aleut language, they are known by the endonyms Unangan (eastern dialect) and Unangas (western dialect); both terms mean "people". The Russian term "Aleut" was a general term used for both the native population of the Aleutian Islands and their neighbors to the east in the Kodiak Archipelago, who were also referred to as "Pacific Eskimos" or Sugpiat/Alutiit. Language Aleut people speak Unangam Tunuu, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Island Of The Blue Dolphins (film)
''Island of the Blue Dolphins'' is a 1964 American adventure film directed by James B. Clark (director), James B. Clark and written by Jane Klove and Ted Sherdeman. It is based on the 1960 novel ''Island of the Blue Dolphins'' by Scott O'Dell. The film stars Celia Kaye, Larry Domasin, Ann Daniel, Carlos Romero (actor), Carlos Romero, George Kennedy and Hal John Norman. The film was released on July 3, 1964, by Universal Pictures. The producer and director had previously collaborated on ''A Dog of Flanders (1959 film), A Dog of Flanders'' and ''Misty (film), Misty''. The film was shot in Gualala, California. Plot In 1835, a ship crewed by Russian fur hunters and Aleuts come to an island off the coast of Southern California to hunt sea otters. They make a deal with the Nicoleño people living in the village of Ghalas-at for permission to hunt on their lands, but later try to leave without paying. The hunters are then confronted by the village chief and respond with violence. In t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Island Of The Blue Dolphins
''Island of the Blue Dolphins'' is a 1960 children's novel by American author Scott O'Dell, which tells the story of a girl named Karana, who is stranded alone for years on an island off the California coast. It is based on the true story of Juana Maria, a Nicoleño Native American left alone for 18 years on San Nicolas Island during the nineteenth century. ''Island of the Blue Dolphins'' won the Newbery Medal in 1961.Island of the Blue Dolphins . ISBNdb (2009). Retrieved 2009-08-26. It was adapted into a film of the same name in 1964. O'Dell later wrote a sequel, '' Zia'', published in 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Nicolas Island
San Nicolas Island (Spanish: ''Isla de San Nicolás''; Tongva: ''Haraasnga'') is the most remote of the Channel Islands, off Southern California, from the nearest point on the mainland coast. It is part of Ventura County. The island is currently controlled by the United States Navy and is used as a weapons testing and training facility, served by Naval Outlying Landing Field San Nicolas Island. The uninhabited island is defined by the United States Census Bureau as Block Group 9, Census Tract 36.04 of Ventura County, California. The Nicoleño Native American tribe inhabited the island until 1835. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, the island has since remained officially uninhabited, though the census estimates that at least 200 military and civilian personnel live on the island at any given time. The island has a small airport, though the runway is the second-longest in Ventura County (slightly behind the one at Naval Air Station Point Mugu). Additionally, there are several buil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juana Maria
Juana Maria (died October 19, 1853), better known to history as the Lone Woman of San Nicolas Island (her Native American name is unknown), was a Native Californian woman who was the last surviving member of her tribe, the Nicoleño. She lived alone on San Nicolas Island off the coast of Alta California from 1835 until her removal from the island in 1853. Scott O'Dell's award-winning children's novel '' Island of the Blue Dolphins'' (1960) was inspired by her story. She was the last native speaker of the Nicoleño language. Background The Channel Islands have long been inhabited by humans, with Indigenous civilization first occurring 10,000 years ago or earlier. At the time of European contact, two distinct ethnic groups lived on the archipelago: the Chumash lived on the Northern Channel Islands and the Tongva on the Southern Islands. Juana Maria's tribe, the Nicoleño, were believed to be closely related to the Tongva. In the early 1540s, Spanish (or Portuguese, according ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian–American Company
The Russian-American Company Under the High Patronage of His Imperial Majesty was a state-sponsored chartered company formed largely on the basis of the United American Company. Emperor Paul I of Russia chartered the company in the Ukase of 1799. It had the mission of establishing new settlements in Russian America, conducting trade with natives, and carrying out an expanded colonization program. Russia's first joint-stock company, it came under the direct authority of the Ministry of Commerce of Imperial Russia. Count Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev (Minister of Commerce from 1802 to 1811; Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1808 to 1814) exercised a pivotal influence upon the early activities of the company. In 1801 the company's headquarters moved from Irkutsk to Saint Petersburg, and the merchants who were initially the major stockholders were soon replaced with Russia's nobility and aristocracy. Count Rumyantsev funded Russia's first naval circumnavigation of the globe under t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schäffer Affair
The Schäffer affair was a diplomatic episode instigated in 1815 by Georg Anton Schäffer who attempted to seize the Kingdom of Hawaii for the Russian Empire. After two years, his scheme failed and he returned to Germany. While on a trading expedition to the Kingdom, the Russian-American Company (RAC) vessel ''Atahualpa (ship), Bering'' ran aground during a storm at Waimea, Kauai County, Hawaii, Waimea on Kauai in January 1815. Kauai chieftain Kaumualii seized the company goods on board. Schäffer was sent later that year from Russian America to recover the lost property, where he spent the following two years courting native leaders to overthrow Kamehameha I. Kaumualii, who sought outside help in his rivalry with King Kamehameha I, Kamehameha, invited Schäffer to his island and convinced him that the RAC could easily colonize Hawaii. Schäffer then planned a naval assault on the islands. His actions were not sanctioned by RAC governor Alexander Andreyevich Baranov, who gave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
