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Ikšķile
Ikšķile (, ; , or ; ; ) is a town in Ogre Municipality, in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. It was the first capital of the Roman Catholic Bishopric of Livonia, known by the List of German exonyms for places in Latvia, German name of Uexküll, Üxküll. Saint Meinhard was the first bishop of Üxküll. In 1197, Berthold of Hanover, a Cistercians, Cistercian abbot of Loccum, was made the second bishop of Üxküll. Those days the town was the center of the upcoming crusading activities in the Livonian area. Bishop Berthold moved the episcopal see to Riga, before being killed by the Livonian people, Livs in battle. According to Urmas Sutrop's recent research into the toponym's origin, the name Ikšķile is from a Livonian language, Livonian term meaning "the ford or islet(s) (i.e. a place on the Daugava River where it was possible to cross the river) belonging to the son of the (local ruler) Ike”. (The personal name Ike has the honourable meaning ‘age, lifetime’; the Ike famil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livonian Chronicle Of Henry
The ''Livonian Chronicle of Henry'' () is a Latin narrative of events in Livonia (roughly corresponding to today's Estonia and Latvia) and surrounding areas from 1180 to 1227. It was written by a priest named Henry. Apart from some references in ' – a patriotic work by the 12th-century Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus – and few mentions in the '' Primary Chronicle'' compiled in Kievan Rus', the Chronicle of Henry is the oldest known written document about the history of Estonia and Latvia. Background Papal calls for renewed Crusades, holy war at the end of the twelfth century inspired the disastrous Fourth Crusade that sacked Constantinople in 1204, as well as a series of simultaneous "Northern Crusades" (that have been less covered in English-language popular history) which were more successful in the long run. Before the crusades, the region of medieval Old Livonia, Livonia was a mixed outpost, a mostly "pagan" society where merchants from the Hanseatic League encounter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Meinhard
Saint Meinhard (1134 or 1136 – August 14 or October 11, 1196) was a German Augustinian canon regular and the first bishop of Livonia. His life was described in the ''Livonian Chronicle of Henry''. His body rests in the now-Lutheran Riga Cathedral, as his remains were moved to Riga in 1226. He is venerated as the apostle of the Church in Latvia (Livonia in the Middle Ages). Life As a canon at the Segeberg Abbey in Holstein, Meinhard was possibly inspired by Vicelinus missionary work among the Slavs. Meinhard traveled with Lübeck merchants, probably trading costly furs, to Livonia on a Catholic mission in the 1170s or early 1180s to convert pagan Semigallians, Latgalians, and Livonians into Christianity. He settled on the Daugava River at Ikšķile (German: ''Üxküll'') southeast of where today is Riga. In 1184, he built a stone church, dedicated to Our Lady. Following an attack by the Lithuanians, Meinhard brought stonemasons from Gotland to build a fortress to defend a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Bishopric Of Livonia
The Diocese of Livonia, later Roman Catholic Diocese of Inflanty was a territorial division of the Roman Catholic Church established in 1186 as the Diocese of Üxküll and promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Riga in 1255. Re-established after the Livonian War as the Diocese of Wenden by king Stephen Báthory in 1582. After 1621 the diocesan see was relocated to Dünaburg (Daugavpils) in Inflanty Voivodeship (contemporary Latgalia) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was formed after Vidzeme and present-day Estonia (the western portion of the predecessor Diocese of Wenden) were conquered by Swedish king Gustav II Adolf. The diocese was suppressed in 1798 after the third partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. History The Diocese of Ikšķile was established in 1186 and designated a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen by the Roman Pope Clement III on 1 October 1188. Renamed as Diocese of Riga in 1202 and promoted as Metropol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ogre Municipality
Ogre Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2002 by Merger (politics), merging Ogre, Latvia, Ogre town and Ogresgals Parish. In 2009 it absorbed Krape Parish, Ķeipene Parish, Laubere Parish, Madliena Parish, Mazozoli Parish, Meņģele Parish, Suntaži Parish and Taurupe Parish, the administrative centre being Ogre. The population in 2021 was 57,617. During the Administrative divisions of Latvia, 2021 Latvian administrative reform, the previous municipality was merged with Ikšķile Municipality, Ķegums Municipality and Lielvārde Municipality. The new municipality now fully corresponds with the area of the former Ogre district. Population Twin towns – sister cities Ogre is Sister city, twinned with: * Ånge Municipality, Ånge, Sweden * Bollnäs Municipality, Bollnäs, Sweden * Chernihiv, Ukraine * Haapsalu, Estonia * Hengelo, Netherlands * Jõhvi, Estonia * Joué-lès-Tours, France * Kelmė, Lithuania * Kerava, Finland * Lę ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Üxküll
The Archbishopric of Riga (, ) was a Catholic diocese and civil government in Medieval Livonia, subject to the Holy See. It was established in 1186 and ended in 1561. History The diocese was established in 1186 as the Bishopric of Livonia at Ikšķile; after its seat was moved to Riga, it became the Bishopric of Riga in 1202 and was elevated to an archbishopric in 1255. The archbishops of Riga were also the secular rulers of Riga until 1561 when during the Reformation the territory converted from Catholicism to Lutheranism and all church territories were secularized. The see was restored as a diocese of the Catholic Church in 1918 and raised into an archdiocese in 1923. Bishops and Archbishops of Riga A new Bishopric of Livonia was established in Latgalia in 1621 during the Inflanty Voivodeship of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Coinage The Archbishops of Riga were innovators in the field of minting currency, reviving techniques abandoned since the collapse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livonians
The Livonians, or Livs, are a Balto-Finnic people indigenous to the Livonian Coast, in northwestern Latvia. Livonians historically spoke Livonian language, Livonian, a Uralic language closely related to Estonian language, Estonian and Finnish language, Finnish. It was believed that the last person to have learned and spoken Livonian as a First language, mother tongue, Grizelda Kristiņa, died in 2013. In 2020, however, it was reported that newborn Kuldi Medne had become the only living person who speaks Livonian as their first language. As of 2010, there were approximately 30 people who had learned it as a second language. Historical, social and economic factors, together with an ethnically dispersed population, have resulted in the decline of Livonian identity, with only a small group surviving in the 21st century. In 2011, there were 250 people who claimed Livonian ethnicity in Latvia. History Prehistory The exact date of migration of Livonians to the region has been disputed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livonian People
The Livonians, or Livs, are a Balto-Finnic people indigenous to the Livonian Coast, in northwestern Latvia. Livonians historically spoke Livonian, a Uralic language closely related to Estonian and Finnish. It was believed that the last person to have learned and spoken Livonian as a mother tongue, Grizelda Kristiņa, died in 2013. In 2020, however, it was reported that newborn Kuldi Medne had become the only living person who speaks Livonian as their first language. As of 2010, there were approximately 30 people who had learned it as a second language. Historical, social and economic factors, together with an ethnically dispersed population, have resulted in the decline of Livonian identity, with only a small group surviving in the 21st century. In 2011, there were 250 people who claimed Livonian ethnicity in Latvia. History Prehistory The exact date of migration of Livonians to the region has been disputed. "The Livonians claim to have inhabited their present homeland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berthold Of Hanover
Berthold of Hanover (died 24 July 1198) was a German Cistercian and Bishop of Livonia, who met his death in a crusade against the pagan Livonians. Life He was abbot of the Cistercian Loccum Abbey in Hanover. At the death of Saint Meinhard, the first Bishop of Livonia (c. 1196), Hartwig of Uthlede, Archbishop of Bremen, to whose province belonged the newly converted countries along the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, appointed Abbot Berthold successor. Damberger asserts that when Meinhard came to Bremen in 1186 to obtain help with his mission in Livonia, Berthold joined the band of missionaries who accompanied him there. The Livonian pagans were fanatically opposed to Christianity. Berthold's predecessor, assisted by merchants from Bremen and Lübeck and a few converts, had built fortifications along the River Düna, where Christians held their religious services and could protect themselves. Following in the footsteps of his predecessor, Berthold tried to gain confidence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uexküll
The Uexküll family (also Üxküll or Yxkull) is the name of an old and distinguished Baltic German noble family, which derived its name from the town of Uexküll, today Ikšķile in Latvia. History Uexküll was originally a Bremen noble family von Bardewisch, first appeared in written documents on 26 July 1229, whose lineage can be traced to several places, the earliest originating in Stedingen, and later Old Livonia (modern Estonia and Latvia), Sweden, Württemberg, and Baden. After obtaining domain Meyendorff, the branch of Uexkülls family was formed in the third quarter of the 15th century and since then it became known as Meyendorff von Uexküll. The family was also part of the German nobility and on 9 October 1790 they were awarded with the title of Imperial Count by Leopold II. Coat of arms Bardewisch The ''Bardewisch'' coat of arms displays two upward facing battle axes, in blue and black. The helmet appears with closed blue-silver covers. Uexküll The Uexkü ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of German Exonyms For Places In Latvia
This article contains a list of exonyms in German for geographical places in the current and previous territory of Latvia. A large part of the Latgale region of Latvia was included in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569-1772), later in the Vitebsk Guberniya of the Russian Empire (1804-1917), hence the common practice of transcribing Polish exonyms into German when no German exonym existed. There were quite a number of shtetls in Latvia before World War II and the Holocaust, and so transcribed Yiddish exonyms in Latin letters of places in Latvia also exist. Exonyms in this list were used in the first half of the 20th century and perhaps somewhat earlier. The spelling of the exonyms changes the further back in time they occur, since the German language changed considerably during the seven centuries of German presence in the Baltics. Complete list References * * * See also *German exonymsLatvian-German and German-Latvian exonyms {{DEFAULTSORT:German exonyms for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daugava
The Daugava ( ), also known as the Western Dvina or the Väina River, is a large river rising in the Valdai Hills of Russia that flows through Belarus and Latvia into the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea. The Daugava rises close to the source of the Volga. It is in length, of which are in Latvia and in Russia. It is a westward-flowing river, tracing out a great south-bending curve as it passes through northern Belarus. The city of Ķekava is located 6 miles south of the west bank of the river. Latvia's capital, Riga, bridges the river's estuary four times. Built on both riverbanks, the city centre is from the river's mouth and is a significant port. Etymology According to Max Vasmer's ''Etymological Dictionary'', the toponym Dvina cannot stem from a Uralic language; instead, it possibly comes from an Indo-European word which used to mean 'river' or 'stream'. The name ''Dvina'' strongly resembles '' Danuvius'' which is itself derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''*dānu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latvia
Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia covers an area of , with a population of 1.9million. The country has a Temperate climate, temperate seasonal climate. Its capital and List of cities and towns in Latvia, largest city is Riga. Latvians, who are the titular nation and comprise 65.5% of the country's population, belong to the ethnolinguistic group of the Balts and speak Latvian language, Latvian. Russians in Latvia, Russians are the most prominent minority in the country, at almost a quarter of the population; 37.7% of the population speak Russian language, Russian as their native tongue. After centuries of State of the Teutonic Order, Teutonic, Swedish Livonia, Swedish, Inflanty Voi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
