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Ibrahim II Of Bornu
Ibrahim II (Ibrāhīm bin ʿUthmān) was the ''mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1433–1440, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Later Kanem–Bornu chronicles designate Ibrahim II as a son of Othman, though it is unclear if Othman I, Othman II, or Othman III Kalinumuwa is meant. The German researcher Dierk Lange believes Ibrahim to have been a son of Othman III Kalinumuwa. The chronology of Ibrahim II's reign is confused in the sources. The ''girgam'' and ''diwan'' (later Kanem–Bornu sources) attribute Ibrahim a reign of eight years and designates him as the successor of Abdullah III Dakumuni and predecessor of Kade III Kade III (Kade bin ʿUthmān) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1440–1444, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Later Kanem–Bornu chronicles designate Kade as a son of Othman, thou .... Abdullah Dakumuni is, however, also recorded to have bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
List Of Mais Of Kanem–Bornu
The ''mai'' (sometimes translated as king or emperor) was the monarch of the Kanem–Bornu Empire from its foundation 700 until the ''mai''s were replaced as rulers by the List of shehus of Bornu, ''shehu''s in the mid-19th century. The line of ''mai''s is largely reconstructed through the ''girgam'', the empire's royal chronicle. The ''girgam'' was preserved through oral tradition before transcriptions by European scholars in the mid-19th century. The ''girgam'' is not entirely reliable since it was preserved orally and contains some contradictions between different versions. There is however a large degree of agreement across different versions of the ''girgam'' as to the names of rulers and the lengths of their reigns. Because the slightly different versions of the ''girgam'' and a lack of precise dates, names and lengths of reign assigned to the ''mai''s may differ in different sources. For the sake of comparison, this list includes dates from different authors for each ruler. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Kanem–Bornu Empire
The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the oldest and longest-lived List of kingdoms and empires in African history, empires in African history. The foundation and early history of the Kanem–Bornu Empire is poorly known. The state is typically dated to have been founded around the year 700, though it may have been established centuries earlier or later. The ruling Duguwa dynasty ruled from their capital Njimi in the Kanem (region), Kanem region and used the ruling title ''List of mais of Kanem–Bornu, mai''. By the 11th century, the Duguwa had been replaced by the Sayfawa dynasty and the empire had converted to Islam. Economic factors and conflict with the Bilala people caused the empire to lose Kanem in the 14th century. ''Mai'' Omar I of Kanem, Omar I re-centered the empire i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Abdullah III Dakumuni
Abdullah III (ʿAbdallāh bin ʿUmar), called Abdullah Dakumuni, was the ''mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1425–1433, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Abdullah was a son of Omar I. Abdullah became ''mai'' in 1425, succeeding his brother Dunama IV. The ''girgam'' and ''diwan'' (later Kanem–Bornu sources) attribute Abdullah Dakumuni a reign of eight years and designates Ibrahim II as his successor. The chronology of their respective reigns appears to be confused. Abdullah Dakumuni is also recorded to have been engaged in a civil war with his ''kaigama'' (chief general) Abdullah Dighelma, who is said to have dethroned Abdullah Dakumuni and made Ibrahim ''mai''. When Ibrahim died, Abdullah Dighelma is said to have made Abdullah Dakumuni ''mai'' again. Ibrahim II is also recorded to have been murdered by Kade III Kade III (Kade bin ʿUthmān) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1440–1444, ruling during a centu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Kade III
Kade III (Kade bin ʿUthmān) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1440–1444, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Later Kanem–Bornu chronicles designate Kade as a son of Othman, though it is unclear if Othman I, Othman II, or Othman III Kalinumuwa is meant. The German researcher Dierk Lange believes Kade to have been a son of Othman III Kalinumuwa. In 1440, Kade murdered the unpopular ''mai'' Ibrahim II. Ibrahim was also a "son of Othman" and may thus have been Kade's brother. After a short reign, Kade was defeated and killed by a rival, Dunama V Ahmad. He was succeeded as ''mai'' by Bir IV Bir IV (Biri bin Dunama) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1444–1445, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Bir's father was named Dunama, perhaps the same figure as ''mai'' Dunama I .... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Kade 03 Rulers of the Bornu Empire 15th-cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Othman I
Othman I (ʿUthmān bin Dāwūd) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1363–1366. Life Othman was the son of Dawud, who he succeeded as ''mai'' in 1363. Othman's father had faced an invasion by the Bilala people, which saw the loss of Njimi (the Kanem–Bornu capital) and the death of the ''mai'' himself. Othman continued the war and initially had some success, even recapturing Njimi, though he was likewise eventually defeated and killed by the Bilala in 1366. Othman was succeeded as ''mai'' by his cousin, Othman II Othman II (ʿUthmān bin Idrīs) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1366–1368. Life Othman was the son of Idris I and Famafa. He succeeded his cousin, Othman I, as ''mai'' in 1366, after Othman I's death in the war against the .... References Rulers of the Kanem Empire 14th-century monarchs in Africa {{Africa-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Othman II
Othman II (ʿUthmān bin Idrīs) was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1366–1368. Life Othman was the son of Idris I and Famafa. He succeeded his cousin, Othman I, as ''mai'' in 1366, after Othman I's death in the war against the Bilala people The Bulala are a Muslim people that live around Lake Fitri who are of Maguemi (also known as Maguia) origin and the Bulala of Nguedjem fraction shares the same ancestor with the Toubou (Goran) of Kara (also known by the Arabic pronunciation, Kre .... Othman II continued this war for two years, until he met the same fate in 1368. Othman was succeeded as ''mai'' by his cousin (and Othman I's brother) Abubakar Liyatu. References Rulers of the Kanem Empire 14th-century monarchs in Africa {{Africa-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Othman III Kalinumuwa
Othman III Kalinumuwa (ʿUthmān Kalinumuwa bin Dāwūd), also spelled Kalinumawa, was the '' mai'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1422–1423, ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict. Life Othman Kalinumuwa was the son of Dawud and an unknown mother. He succeeded his cousin Bir III Othman as ''mai'' in 1422. In 1423, Othman Kalinumuwa was overthrown after a short reign by a party led by the ''kaigama'' (chief general) Nikale bin Ibrahim and the ''yerima'' (another high official) Kade. Othman fled the country and sought refuge among the Hausa states, probably the Sultanate of Kano The Sultanate of Kano was a Hausa kingdom in the north of what is now Nigeria that dates back to 1349, when the king of Kano, Ali Yaji (1349–1385), dissolved the cult of Tsumbubra and proclaimed Kano a sultanate. Before 1000 AD, Kano had been ..., where he later died (or was killed). He was replaced as ''mai'' with Dunama IV, his first cousin once removed. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Girgam
The ''Girgam'' (or ''Diwan'') is the royal chronicle of the Kanem–Bornu Empire, written in Arabic. Girgam is also used as the name for written historical records in some kingdoms west of Bornu, including Daura, Fika and Mandara, defined as "chronicle or 'list of ancestors'" or simply "date". "A very meagre and incorrect abridgement" of the ''Girgam'' was provided by a local associated with the Sefuwa dynasty to the German traveller Heinrich Barth in 1851, in Kukawa, the nineteenth century capital of Bornu. Barth reported that a translation was published in 1852. It provides the names of 69 rulers of Kanem-Bornu and some supplementary information concerning the length of their reigns, their ascendancy, and often some events of their reigns. The information given by several Arab authors ( Ibn Sa'īd, al-Maqrīzī and al-Qalqashandī) confirm the validity of the data provided by the ''Girgam''. On the basis of these sources, a nearly accurate chronology of the rulers of Kanem- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Rulers Of The Bornu Empire
A ruler, sometimes called a rule, scale, line gauge, or metre/meter stick, is an instrument used to make length measurements, whereby a length is read from a series of markings called "rules" along an edge of the device. Usually, the instrument is rigid and the edge itself is a straightedge ("ruled straightedge"), which additionally allows one to draw straighter lines. Rulers are an important tool in geometry, geography and mathematics. They have been used since at least 2650 BC. Variants Rulers have long been made from different materials and in multiple sizes. Historically, they were mainly wood but plastics have also been used. They can be created with length markings instead of being scribed. Metal is also used for more durable rulers for use in the workshop; sometimes a metal edge is embedded into a wooden desk ruler to preserve the edge when used for straight-line cutting. Typically in length, though some can go up to 100 cm, it is useful for a ruler to be on a des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
