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Ibn Sabʿīn
Ibn Sab'īn ( ') was an Arab Sufi philosopher, the last philosopher of the Andalus in the west land of Islamic world. He was born in 1217 in Spain and lived in Ceuta. It has been suggested that he was a Neoplatonic philosopher, a Peripatetic philosopher, a Pythagorean philosopher, a Hermeticist, an alchemist, a heterodox Sufi, a pantheist, though none of these adequately characterise Ibn Sab'in. He was also known for his knowledge of esotericism and was well versed in the knowledge of Islam and of other religions. From his time and continuing through to today, Ibn Sabʿīn has been criticized for his views, though often by detractors who did so without an in-depth knowledge of his works, as many of the accusations against Ibn Sabʿīn are invalidated by Ibn Sabʿīn’s own writings, and suggest that some of our author’s critics were not even familiar with his works. The Sicilian Questions Ibn Sabʿīn is most famously remembered for his replies to the questions sent to him b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murcia
Murcia ( , , ) is a city in south-eastern Spain, the Capital (political), capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia, and the Ranked lists of Spanish municipalities#By population, seventh largest city in the country. It had a population of 460,349 inhabitants in 2021 (about one-third of the total population of the Region). The total population of the metropolitan area was 672,773 in 2020, covering an urban area of 1,230.9 km2. It is located on the Segura River, in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. It has a climate with hot summers, mild winters, and relatively low precipitation. Murcia was founded by Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir of Cordoba, in 825 with the name ''Mursiyah'' (). It is now mainly a services city and a University of Murcia, university town. Highlights for visitors include the Cathedral of Murcia and a number of baroque architecture, baroque buildings, renowned local cuisine, Holy Week procession, works of art by the fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Tufail
Ibn Ṭufayl ( – 1185) was an Arab Andalusian Muslim polymath: a writer, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, and vizier. As a philosopher and novelist, he is most famous for writing the first philosophical novel, (The Living Son of the Vigilant)'','' considered a major work of Arabic literature emerging from Al-Andalus. As a physician, he was an early supporter of dissection and autopsy, which was expressed in his novel.Jon Mcginnis, ''Classical Arabic Philosophy: An Anthology of Sources'', p. 284, Hackett Publishing Company, . Life Born in Guadix, near Granada, he was educated by Ibn Bajjah (Avempace). His family were from the Arab Qays tribe. He was a secretary for several leaders, including the rulers of Ceuta and Tangier, in 1154. He also served as a secretary for the ruler of Granada, and later as vizier and physician for Abu Yaqub Yusuf, the Almohad caliph, to whom he recommended Ibn Rushd (Averroës) as his own future successor in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Esotericism
Eastern esotericism is a term utilized by various scholars to describe a broad range of religious beliefs and practices originating from the Eastern world, characterized by esoteric, secretive, or occult elements. The classification of Eastern esotericism presents challenges, as it is influenced by varying geographical and cultural definitions of "Eastern" and "Western" contexts, particularly in relation to Islamic state, Islamic nations. The delineation of esotericism itself can vary among scholars, with some arguing that the concept is predominantly rooted in Western traditions. This perspective raises important questions regarding the applicability of a Western esotericism, Western framework to non-Western practices, potentially leading to classifications that may not accurately reflect the complexities of these traditions. Conversely, other scholars propose a more globalized viewpoint, suggesting that comparable systems of secret knowledge and mystical practices exist acros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceuta
Ceuta (, , ; ) is an Autonomous communities of Spain#Autonomous cities, autonomous city of Spain on the North African coast. Bordered by Morocco, it lies along the boundary between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta is one of the special member state territories and the European Union, special member state territories of the European Union. It was a regular municipalities in Spain, municipality belonging to the province of Cádiz prior to the passing of its Statute of Autonomy in March 1995, as provided by the Spanish Constitution, henceforth becoming an autonomous city. Ceuta, like Melilla and the Canary Islands, was classified as a free port before Spain joined the European Union. Its population is predominantly Christian and Islam in Spain, Muslim, with a small minority of Sephardic Jews and Sindhi Hindus, from Pakistan. Spanish language, Spanish is the official language, while Moroccan Darija, Darija Arabic is also widely spoken. Names The name Abyla has be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world's Major religious groups, second-largest religious population after Christians. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a Fitra, primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets and messengers, including Adam in Islam, Adam, Noah in Islam, Noah, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, and Jesus in Islam, Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God in Islam, God and the unaltered, final revelation. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous Islamic holy books, revelations, such as the Torah in Islam, Tawrat (the Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Gospel in Islam, Injil (Gospel). They believe that Muhammad in Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus () was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula. The name refers to the different Muslim states that controlled these territories at various times between 711 and 1492. At its greatest geographical extent, it occupied most of the peninsula as well as Septimania under Umayyad rule. These boundaries changed through a series of conquests Western historiography has traditionally characterized as the ''Reconquista'',"Para los autores árabes medievales, el término Al-Andalus designa la totalidad de las zonas conquistadas – siquiera temporalmente – por tropas arabo-musulmanas en territorios actualmente pertenecientes a Portugal, España y Francia" ("For medieval Arab authors, Al-Andalus designated all the conquered areas – even temporarily – by Arab-Muslim troops in territories now belonging to Spain, Portugal and France"), García de Cortázar, José Ángel. ''V Semana de Estudios Medievales: Nájera, 1 al 5 de agosto de 1994'', Gobie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabs
Arabs (, , ; , , ) are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa. A significant Arab diaspora is present in various parts of the world. Arabs have been in the Fertile Crescent for thousands of years. In the 9th century BCE, the Assyrians made written references to Arabs as inhabitants of the Levant, Mesopotamia, and Arabia. Throughout the Ancient Near East, Arabs established influential civilizations starting from 3000 BCE onwards, such as Dilmun, Gerrha, and Magan, playing a vital role in trade between Mesopotamia, and the Mediterranean. Other prominent tribes include Midian, ʿĀd, and Thamud mentioned in the Bible and Quran. Later, in 900 BCE, the Qedarites enjoyed close relations with the nearby Canaanite and Aramaean states, and their territory extended from Lower Egypt to the Southern Levant. From 1200 BCE to 110 BCE, powerful kingdoms emerged such as Saba, Lihyan, Minaean, Qataban, Hadhramaut, Awsan, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afif Al-Din Sulayman Al Tilimsani
Afif ( ) is a city in central Saudi Arabia, in the Najd region. It is situated approximately halfway between Riyadh and Mecca. The modern town was established in the 1910s as a ''hijra'', or "settlement", for the nomadic tribes of the area, particularly the tribe of 'Utaybah (see Ikhwan). It has since grown into a small city of 39,581 as of the 2004 census, not counting the surrounding towns and villages, which together with 'Afif form the 'Afif Governorate. The city once served as a gateway between the central and western regions of Saudi Arabia. The city is also known to be the first landing site of the first airplane owned by King Abdulaziz the first king of Saudi Arabia. The town was named after an old well in the area called Afif "بئر عفيف - البير العود". People used to pass by this well in their way to Mekkah while performing the Hajj or Omrah, in order to get water for the rest of the way. Eventually, during the month of Hajj, merchants began to congrega ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Kashani Al-Fargani
Kashani or Qashani (), often shortened to Kashi or al-Kashi (), is a surname meaning a person who comes from Kashan, Iran. It is also used as a feminine given name. Notable persons with that name include: People Surname * Abū Zayd ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī Zayd (died 1219), called Abu Zayd al-Kashani, Persian potter *Abu al-Qasim Kashani (died after 1324), Persian historian, author of the ''History of Öljaitü'' * Abd al-Razzaq Kāshānī, 14th-century Sufi mystic *Mahmud ibn Ali al-Qashani (died 1335), Sufi scholar * Abbas Hosseini Kashani (1931-2010), Iranian Grand Ayatollah *Abol-Ghasem Kashani (1882–1962), Iranian Ayatollah and politician *Afdal al-Din Kashani (died 1214), Persian poet and philosopher * Ali Hojjat Kashani (1921–1979), Iranian military officer and politician * Dariush Kashani, American-Iranian actor *Eliezer Kashani (1923–1947), an Irgun member in Mandatory Palestine *Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet, American-Iranian historian *Habib Kashani, Iranian businessman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Badr Al-Din Hasan Ibn Hud
Badr (Arabic: بدر) as a given name below is an Arabic masculine and feminine name given to the "full moon on its fourteenth night" or the ecclesiastical full moon. Badr may refer to: Places *Badr, Egypt, a city *Badr, Libya, a town in Libya *Badr, Saudi Arabia, a city in Saudi Arabia **Battle of Badr, a battle in the early days of Islam near the present-day city *Badr Rural District (other), various administrative subdivisions of Iran *Ash-Shaykh Badr, a city in Syria *Hala-'l Badr, a volcano in Saudi Arabia *Sheikh Badr, a depopulated village in Jerusalem People * Badr (Arabic name), Badr (name) Military *Operation Badr (other), any of four war operations *Badr-1 (rocket), Yemeni rocket artillery system *Badr-2000, Iraqi proposed ballistic missile *PNS Badr Other *Badr Airlines, based in Khartoum, Sudan *Badr Organization, a political party in Iraq *Badr (satellite), a series of satellites operated by Pakistan, including: **Badr-1, launched in 1990 **Badr-B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramon Llull
Ramon Llull (; ; – 1316), sometimes anglicized as ''Raymond Lully'', was a philosopher, theologian, poet, missionary, Christian apologist and former knight from the Kingdom of Majorca. He invented a philosophical system known as the ''Art'', conceived as a type of universal logic to prove the truth of Christian doctrine to interlocutors of all faiths and nationalities. The ''Art'' consists of a set of general principles and combinatorial operations. It is illustrated with diagrams. A prolific writer, he is also known for his literary works written in Catalan, which he composed to make his ''Art'' accessible to a wider audience. In addition to Catalan and Latin, he also probably wrote in Arabic (although no texts in Arabic survive). His books were translated into Occitan, French, and Castilian during his lifetime. Although his work did not enjoy huge success during his lifetime, he has had a rich and continuing reception. In the early modern period his name became asso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Al-Hasan Al-Shushtari
Al-Shustari (; 1203–1269 CE) was an Andalusī Sufi poet, sufi mystic, and scholar known for his contributions to Islamic mysticism and religious poetry. A disciple of Ibn Sabʿīn and influenced by Andalusī Sufis such as Abū Madyan, al-Shushtarī combined vernacular poetic forms with esoteric philosophical thought. His works, which include poetry and treatises on cosmology and metaphysics, remain significant in Sufi traditions and academic studies. Despite controversies regarding his orthodoxy, al-Shushtarī is recognized for his role in blending philosophical mysticism with accessible spiritual expression. Early life and background Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Numayrī al-Shushtarī was born around 1203 in Shushtar, a village near Guadix (then Wādī Āsh) in the Sierra Nevada region northeast of Granada. He came from a notable family, potentially of Arab lineage through the Banū Numayr tribe, though such claims of Arab ancestry in al-Andalus were often ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
