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ITIH2
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ITIH2'' gene. It is known to contain a Gla domain, and thus be dependent for production on post translational modification requiring vitamin K. Its function is also presumably dependent on calcium ions. See also * Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitors (IαI) are plasma proteins consisting of three of four heavy chains selected from the group ITIH1, ITIH2, ITIH3, ITIH4 and one light chain selected from the group AMBP or SPINT2. They function as protease inhibit ... * ITIH1 * ITIH3 * ITIH4 References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-10-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gla Domain
Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation/gamma-carboxyglutamic (GLA) domain is a protein domain that contains post-translational modifications of many glutamate residues by vitamin K-dependent carboxylation to form γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla). Proteins with this domain are known informally as Gla proteins. The Gla residues are responsible for the high-affinity binding of calcium ions. The GLA domain binds calcium ions by chelating them between two carboxylic acid residues. These residues are part of a region that starts at the N-terminal extremity of the mature form of Gla proteins, and that ends with a conserved aromatic residue. This results in a conserved Gla-x(3)-Gla-x-Cys motif that is found in the middle of the domain, and which seems to be important for substrate recognition by the carboxylase. The 3D structures of several Gla domains have been solved. Calcium ions induce conformational changes in the Gla domain and are necessary for the Gla domain to fold properly. A common structu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inter-alpha-trypsin Inhibitor
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitors (IαI) are plasma proteins consisting of three of four heavy chains selected from the group ITIH1, ITIH2, ITIH3, ITIH4 and one light chain selected from the group AMBP or SPINT2. They function as protease inhibitors. IαI form complexes with hyaluronan (HA), generating a serum-derived hyaluronan-associated protein (SHAP)-HA complex. The SHAP-HA complex is found in very high concentration in rheumatoid arthritic synovial fluid Synovial fluid, also called synovia, elp 1/sup> is a viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. With its egg white–like consistency, the principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articul ... suggesting it has a role in the inflammatory response. References External links * Protease inhibitors Human proteins Arthritis {{protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ITIH1
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ITIH1'' gene. See also * Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor * ITIH2 Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ITIH2'' gene. It is known to contain a Gla domain, and thus be dependent for production on post translational modification requiring vitamin K. Its funct ... * ITIH3 * ITIH4 References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-3-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ITIH3
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ITIH3'' gene. See also * Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor * ITIH1 * ITIH2 Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ITIH2'' gene. It is known to contain a Gla domain, and thus be dependent for production on post translational modification requiring vitamin K. Its funct ... * ITIH4 References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-3-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, Cell signaling, responding to stimuli, providing Cytoskeleton, structure to cells and Fibrous protein, organisms, and Intracellular transport, transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the Nucleic acid sequence, nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific Protein structure, 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called pep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of Gene product, RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first transcription (biology), copied into RNA. RNA can be non-coding RNA, directly functional or be the intermediate protein biosynthesis, template for the synthesis of a protein. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring, is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits from one generation to the next. These genes make up different DNA sequences, together called a genotype, that is specific to every given individual, within the gene pool of the population (biology), population of a given species. The genotype, along with environmental and developmental factors, ultimately determines the phenotype ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is a family of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements. The human body requires vitamin K for post-translational modification, post-synthesis modification of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation ("K" from Danish ''koagulation'', for "coagulation") and for controlling molecular binding, binding of calcium in bones and other tissue (biology), tissues. The complete synthesis involves final modification of these "Gla proteins" by the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase that uses vitamin K as a cofactor (biochemistry), cofactor. Vitamin K is used in the liver as the intermediate VKH2 to deprotonate a glutamate residue and then is reprocessed into vitamin K through a vitamin K oxide intermediate. The presence of uncarboxylated proteins indicates a vitamin K deficiency. Carboxylation allows them to bind (chelate) calcium ions, which they cannot do otherwise. Without vitamin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
