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IBM Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking
IBM Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN) is an extension to the Systems Network Architecture (SNA) "that allows large and small computers to communicate as peers across local and wide-area networks." Goals and features The goals of APPN were: * Provide effective routing for SNA traffic * Allow sessions to be established without the involvement of a central computer * Reduce the requirements to predict resource use * Provide prioritization within SNA traffic * Support both legacy and APPN traffic To meet these goals it includes features such as these: * distributed network control * dynamic exchange of network topology information to foster ease of connection, reconfiguration, and route selection * dynamic definition of network resources * automated resource registration and directory lookup. History APPN was defined around 1986, and was meant to complement IBM's Systems Network Architecture. It was designed as a simplification, but it turned out to be significantly complex, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Systems Network Architecture
Systems Network Architecture (SNA) is IBM's proprietary computer network, networking architecture, created in 1974. It is a complete protocol stack for interconnecting computers and their resources. SNA describes formats and protocols but, in itself, is not a piece of software. The implementation of SNA takes the form of various communications packages, most notably Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM), the mainframe computer, mainframe software package for SNA communications. History SNA was made public as part of IBM's "Advanced Function for Communications" announcement in September, 1974, which included the implementation of the SNA/SDLC (Synchronous Data Link Control) protocols on new communications products: *IBM 3767 communication terminal (printer) *IBM 3770 data communication system They were supported by IBM 3705 Communications Controller, IBM 3704/3705 communication controllers and their IBM Network Control Program, Network Control Program (NCP), and by Syste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apertus Technologies
Lee Data Corporation was an American computer company based in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, and active as a hardware company from 1979 to 1990. It was principally founded by John M. Lee and John Roy to sell data terminal systems compatible with the IBM 3270. It found success going into the mid-1980s, with its offerings praised for their innovations and lower prices compared to IBM's 3270 line, but began faltering in the late 1980s when IBM themselves began adopting such innovations. In 1990, the company sold off their terminal assets and pivoted to provide equipment and software for telecommunications businesses under the name Apertus Technologies, Inc.. Apertus changed their name again to Carleton Corporation in the mid-1990s. Carleton was acquired by Oracle Corporation in 2000. History As Lee Data (1979–1990) Lee Data Corporation was founded in early 1979 by John M. Lee and John Roy of Minneapolis. Both had formerly worked for Data 100, Inc., a maker of data terminals and other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DECNET
DECnet is a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation. Originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers, it evolved into one of the first peer-to-peer network architectures, thus transforming DEC into a networking powerhouse in the 1980s. Initially built with three layers, it later (1982) evolved into a seven-layer OSI-compliant networking protocol. DECnet was built right into the DEC flagship operating system OpenVMS since its inception. Later Digital ported it to Ultrix, OSF/1 (later Tru64) as well as Apple Macintosh and IBM PC running variants of DOS, OS/2 and Microsoft Windows under the name PATHWORKS, allowing these systems to connect to DECnet networks of VAX machines as terminal nodes. While the DECnet protocols were designed entirely by Digital Equipment Corporation, DECnet Phase II (and later) were open standards with published specifications, and several implementations were developed outside DEC, including ones fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internet Protocol Suite
The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria. The foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the Internet Protocol (IP). Early versions of this networking model were known as the Department of Defense (DoD) model because the research and development were funded by the United States Department of Defense through DARPA. The Internet protocol suite provides end-to-end data communication specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received. This functionality is organized into four abstraction layers, which classify all related protocols according to each protocol's scope of networking. An implementation of the layers for a particular application forms a protocol stack. From lowest to highest, the layers are the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterprise Extender
IBM Enterprise Extender (EE) is a standard internet transport protocol for IBM Systems Network Architecture (SNA) High Performance Routing traffic over IP. Enterprise Extender is analogous to, but independent of, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). EE and TCP traffic can be carried over the same connections. Enterprise extender was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force and the APPN Implementers' Workshop, and standardized in 1997 in Internet RFC 2352. Enterprise Extender traffic is transmitted as UDP datagrams. It is integrated with Systems Network Architecture in z/OS systems, and implemented in software, such as IBM Personal Communications of Windows (PCOM), or hardware such as Cisco Cisco Systems, Inc. (using the trademark Cisco) is an American multinational digital communications technology conglomerate corporation headquartered in San Jose, California. Cisco develops, manufactures, and sells networking hardware, s ... routers with the SNA Switchin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IBM Advanced Program-to-Program Communication
In computing, Advanced Program to Program Communication or APPC is a protocol which computer programs can use to communicate over a network. APPC is at the application layer in the OSI model, it enables communications between programs on different computers, from portables and workstations to midrange and host computers. APPC is defined as VTAM LU 6.2 ( Logical unit type 6.2 ) APPC was developed in 1982 as a component of IBM's Systems Network Architecture (SNA). Several APIs were developed for programming languages such as COBOL, PL/I, C or REXX. APPC software is available for many different IBM and non-IBM operating systems, either as part of the operating system or as a separate software package. APPC serves as a translator between application programs and the network. When an application on your computer passes information to the APPC software, APPC translates the information and passes it to a network interface, such as a LAN adapter card. The information travels across t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bittorrent
BitTorrent is a Protocol (computing), communication protocol for peer-to-peer file sharing (P2P), which enables users to distribute data and electronic files over the Internet in a Decentralised system, decentralized manner. The protocol is developed and maintained by Rainberry, Inc., and was first released in 2001. To send or receive files, users use a Comparison of BitTorrent clients, BitTorrent client on their Internet-connected computer, which are available for a variety of computing platforms and Comparison of BitTorrent clients#Operating system support, operating systems, including BitTorrent (software), an official client. BitTorrent trackers provide a list of files available for transfer and allow the client to find peer users, known as "seeds", who may transfer the files. BitTorrent downloading is considered to be faster than HTTP ("direct downloading") and File Transfer Protocol, FTP due to the lack of a central server that could limit bandwidth. BitTorrent is one o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emule
eMule is a Free software, free peer-to-peer file sharing application for Microsoft Windows. Started in May 2002 as an alternative to eDonkey2000, eMule connects to both the eDonkey network and the Kad network. The distinguishing features of eMule are the direct exchange of sources between client nodes, recovery of corrupted downloads, and the use of a credit system to reward frequent uploaders. eMule transmits data in zlib-compressed form to save bandwidth. eMule is written in C++ using the Microsoft Foundation Classes. Since July 2002 eMule has been free software, released under the GNU General Public License; which has led to eMule's codebase being used as the basis of cross-platform clients aMule, JMule, xMule, along with the release of eMule modifications of the original eMule. it is the fifth most downloaded project on SourceForge, with over 693 million downloads. Development was later restarted by the community as eMule Community. History The eMule project was start ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FireWire
IEEE 1394 is an interface standard for a serial bus for high-speed communications and isochronous real-time data transfer. It was developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s by Apple in cooperation with a number of companies, primarily Sony and Panasonic. It is most commonly known by the name FireWire (Apple), though other brand names exist such as i.LINK (Sony), and Lynx ( Texas Instruments). The copper cable used in its most common implementation can be up to long. Power and data is carried over this cable, allowing devices with moderate power requirements to operate without a separate power supply. FireWire is also available in Cat 5 and optical fiber versions. The 1394 interface is comparable to USB. USB was developed subsequently and gained much greater market share. USB requires a host controller whereas IEEE 1394 is cooperatively managed by the connected devices. History and development FireWire is Apple's name for the IEEE 1394 High Speed Serial Bus. Its d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VTAM
Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM) is the IBM subsystem that implements Systems Network Architecture (SNA) for mainframe environments. VTAM provides an application programming interface (API) for communication applications, and controls communication equipment such as adapters and controllers. In modern terminology, VTAM provides a communication stack and device drivers. History VTAM was introduced in 1974 after a series of delays as a major component of SNA along with the 370x Network Control Program (NCP) and Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC). In IBM terminology, VTAM is an access method software allowing application programs to read and write data to and from external devices. It is called 'virtual' because it was introduced at the time when IBM was introducing virtual storage by upgrading the operating systems of the System/360 series to virtual storage versions. VTAM was supposed to be the successor to the older telecommunications access methods, such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IBM Network Control Program
The IBM Network Control Program, or NCP, was software that ran on a IBM 37xx, 37xx communications controller and managed communication with remote devices. NCP provided services comparable to the data link layer and Network Layer functions in the OSI model of a Wide area network. Overview The original IBM Network Control Program ran on the IBM 3705, 3705-I and supported access to older devices by application programs using Telecommunications Access Method, Telecommunications Access Method (TCAM). With the advent of Systems Network Architecture (SNA), NCP was enhanced to connect cluster controllers (such as the IBM 3270#Controllers, IBM 3270) to application programs using TCAM and later to application programs using Virtual Telecommunications Access Method, Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM). Subsequent versions of NCP were released to run on the IBM 3704, IBM 3705, IBM 3705-II, IBM 3725. IBM 3720, or IBM 3745 Communications Controllers, all of which SNA defined as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OS/2
OS/2 is a Proprietary software, proprietary computer operating system for x86 and PowerPC based personal computers. It was created and initially developed jointly by IBM and Microsoft, under the leadership of IBM software designer Ed Iacobucci, intended as a replacement for DOS. The first version was released in 1987. A feud between the two companies beginning in 1990 led to Microsoft’s leaving development solely to IBM, which continued development on its own. OS/2 Warp 4 in 1996 was the last major upgrade, after which IBM slowly halted the product as it failed to compete against Microsoft's Microsoft Windows, Windows; updated versions of OS/2 were released by IBM until 2001. The name stands for "Operating System/2", because it was introduced as part of the same generation change release as IBM's "IBM Personal System/2, Personal System/2 (PS/2)" line of second-generation PCs. OS/2 was intended as a protected mode, protected-mode successor of IBM PC DOS, PC DOS targeting t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
