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Hüseyin Pasha (Celali Rebel)
Hüseyin Pasha (d. February 1600) was a leader of Celali rebellions and a former Beylerbey of Abyssinia in Ottoman Empire in 16th century. Career Although Venetian sources portray him as ethnic Albanian, he is also known with the epithet The Bosnian (). However, Turkish author Hüseyin Hüsameddin Yasar proposed an alternative Turkish origin from Amasya. According to him, he was a son of Budak bey, a descendant of Shadgeldi and participated in Ottoman conquest of Shirvan. He served as third Beylerbey of Abyssinia from 16 January 1568 to 3 December 1570. His tenure in Ethiophia was uneventful. After serving as the beylerbeyi, according to Venetian sources, he served under Koca Sinan Pasha in court. he was appointed as the mîrlivâ (district governor) of Amasya in October 1590, but as he was also in charge of the defense of Erzurum, he appointed Zülfikâr Ağa to serve as the mütesellim (deputy governor) of Amasya. He soon was invested with title of inspector of Anatolia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dominicus Custos
Dominicus Custos (1560–1612) was a Flemish artist, printer and copperplate engraver, who worked in the service of Emperor Rudolph II in Prague. Dominicus was born in Antwerp, the son of Pieter Balten, and settled in Augsburg as the second husband of the widow of Bartholomäus Kilian (1548–1588), a goldsmith from Silesia and the father of Wolfgang and Lukas Kilian; they were trained by Dominicus in the art of engraving after their father's death. Dominicus was the father of David Custodis, also an Augsburg engraver. Custos and the humanist Marcus Henning collaborated in producing the work ''"Tirolensium principum comitum"'' which appeared in 1599 and depicted 28 Counts of Tyrol from Albert IV (1190–1253) to Rudolf II (1552–1612). Custos was responsible for the engravings while Henning took care of the text and eulogies. (see The Spanish Hall at Schloss Ambras) Between 1602 and 1604 he published the ''"Atrium heroicum"'' in four parts. This was a collection of 171 en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erzincan
Erzincan (; ), historically Yerznka (), is the capital of Erzincan Province in eastern Turkey. Nearby cities include Erzurum, Sivas, Tunceli, Bingöl, Elazığ, Malatya, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, and Giresun. The city is majority Turkish Sunni with a Kurdish Alevi minority. The city had a population of 150,714 in 2022, an increase from 86,779 in 2007. History Acilisene, the ancient region that is now Erzincan, was the site of the Peace of Acilisene by which in AD 387 Armenia was divided into two vassal states, a smaller one dependent on the Byzantine Empire and a larger one dependent on Persia. This is the name (Ἀκιλισηνή in Greek) by which it is called by Strabo in his ''Geography'', 11.4.14. The etymological origin of the word is disputed, but it is agreed that the city was once called Erez. For a while it was called Justinianopolis in honour of Emperor Justinian. In more recent Greek it has been called as Κελτζηνή (''Keltzene'') and Κελεζηνή ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kayseri
Kayseri () is a large List of cities in Turkey, city in Central Anatolia, Turkey, and the capital of Kayseri Province, Kayseri province. Historically known as Caesarea (Mazaca), Caesarea, it has been the historical capital of Cappadocia since ancient times. The Kayseri Metropolitan Municipality area is composed of five districts: the two central districts of Kocasinan and Melikgazi, and since 2004, also outlying Hacılar, İncesu, Kayseri, İncesu, and Talas, Turkey, Talas. As of 31 December 2024, the province had a population of 1 452 458 of whom 1 210 983 lived in the four urban districts (Melikgazi, Kocasinan, Talas, Incesu), excluding İncesu, Kayseri, İncesu which is not conurbated, meaning it is not contiguous and has a largely non-protected buffer zone. Kayseri sits at the foot of Mount Erciyes (Turkish language, Turkish: ''Erciyes Dağı''), a dormant volcano that reaches an altitude of , more than 1,500 metres above the city's mean altitude. It contains a number of hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Scudo
The ''scudo'' (pl. ''scudi'') was the name for a number of coins used in various states in the Italian peninsula from 1551 until the 19th century. The name, like that of the French écu and the Spanish and Portuguese escudo, was derived from the Latin ''scutum'' ("shield"). From the 16th century,Klütz: ''Münznamen...'' the name was used in Italy for large silver coins. Sizes varied depending on the issuing country. History The first ''scudo d'argento'' (silver shield) was issued in 1551 by Charles V (1519–1556) in Milan. Under Maria Theresa and Joseph II the ''scudo d'argento'' had a weight of 23.10 g and a fineness of 896/1000. In the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (under the control of the Habsburg Austrian Empire), the Lombardy–Venetia scudo was equivalent to the Conventionsthaler and was subdivided into six '' lire''. Before the Napoleonic Wars, the lira was subdivided into 20 ''soldi'', each of 12 ''denari''. Later, the lira was made up of 100 ''centesimi''. Wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konya
Konya is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium. In 19th-century accounts of the city in English its name is usually spelt Konia or Koniah. In the late medieval period, Konya was the capital of the Seljuk Turks' Sultanate of Rum, from where the sultans ruled over Anatolia. As of 2024, the population of the Metropolitan Province was 2 330 024 of whom 1 433 861 live in the three urban districts (Karatay, Selcuklu, Meram), making it the sixth most populous city in Turkey, and second most populous of the Central Anatolia Region, after Ankara. City has Konya is served by TCDD high-speed train ( YHT) services from Istanbul, Ankara and Karaman. The local airport ( Konya Havalimanı, KYA) is served by frequent flights from Istanbul whereas flights to and from İzmir are offered few times a week. Name Konya is believed to corre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tax Farm
Farming or tax-farming is a technique of financial management in which the management of a variable revenue stream is assigned by contract, legal contract to a third party and the holder of the revenue stream receives fixed periodic rents from the contractor. It is most commonly used in public finance, where governments (the lease, lessors) lease or assign the right to collect and retain the whole of the tax revenue to a private financier (the farmer), who is charged with paying fixed sums (sometimes called "rents", but with a different meaning from the common modern term) into the treasury. Farming in this sense has nothing to do with agriculture, other than in a metaphorical sense. Etymology There are two possible origins for ''farm''. Derivation from classical Latin Some sources derive "farm" with its French version ''ferme'', most notably used in the context of the Farmers-General, Fermiers Generaux, from the mediaeval Latin ''firma'', meaning "a fixed agreement, contract" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kapi Agha
The Kapi Agha (, " Agha of the Gate"), formally called the Agha of the Gate of Felicity (''Bâbüssaâde ağası''), was the head of the eunuch servants of the Ottoman Seraglio until the late 16th century, when this post was taken over by the Kizlar Agha. In juxtaposition with the latter office, also known as the Chief Black Eunuch as its holders were drawn from Black African slaves, the Kapi Agha is also known as the Chief White Eunuch. History and functions As his title implies, the Kapi Agha controlled the Gate of Felicity that separated the Outer Court ('' Birûn'', where state affairs were conducted), from the Inner Court (''Enderûn'') and the Sultan's private apartments in the Topkapı Palace. The Agha occupied an office to the right of the gate and had the duty of controlling entrance to the Inner Court and of transmitting the Sultan's orders to his officials, rendering him, in the words of the Ottomanist Halil İnalcık, "the sole mediator between the Sultan and the world ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gazanfer Agha
Gazanfer Agha (died on 3 January 1603) was an Ottoman courtier and politician of Venetian origin. He held the office of '' Kapıağası'' for Sultan Murad III part of a network of spies dedicated to manipulating Ottoman politics in favor of Venice. Biography He was born in Venice to Giacomo Michiel, chancellor of Venice in Buda,Reason why Minetti mistakenly considered him to be of Hungarian origins and his wife Franceschina Zorzi. He had a brother and two sisters, one of whom was Beatrice. In 1559, he was sailing with his family to join his father in Buda, but their ship was attacked by Barbary pirates. While his mother and sisters were later freed, he and his brother were sold into slavery in Constantinople and taken to the Grand Seraglio school at Topkapi Palace. There they were castrated and converted to Islam, taking the names Gazanfer and Cafer. They were assigned to the court of Şehzade Selim, who ascended the throne as Selim II in 1566. Gazanfer and his brother wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sipahi
The ''sipahi'' ( , ) were professional cavalrymen deployed by the Seljuk Turks and later by the Ottoman Empire. ''Sipahi'' units included the land grant–holding ('' timar'') provincial ''timarli sipahi'', which constituted most of the army, and the salaried regular ''kapikulu sipahi'', or palace troops. However, the irregular light cavalry ("raiders") were not considered to be . The ''sipahi'' formed their own distinctive social classes and were rivals to the janissaries, the elite infantry corps of the sultans. A variant of the term "''sipahi''" was also applied by colonial authorities to several cavalry units serving in the French and Italian colonial armies during the 19th and 20th centuries (see ). Name The word is derived from Persian and means "soldier" and is also transliterated as and ; rendered in other languages as: in Albanian and Romanian, ''sepuh'' (սեպուհ) in Armenian, () in Greek, or in Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian, and Macedonian (Cyril ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
çavuş
Çavuş, also anglicized Chaush and Chiaus (from / ; ; from Old Turkic ''Çabuş'' or ''Çawuş'', "person who gives order or yells") was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman title used for two separate soldier professions, both acting as messengers although differing in levels. It was a rank below ''Agha (Ottoman Empire), agha'' and ''kethüda'' (from Persian language, Persian, kad-khuda, "magistrate"), in units such as the Janissaries and Sipahi, and was also a term for members of the specialized unit of ''çavuşān'' (, also ''çavuşiyye'', ''çavuş(an)-i divan(i)'') consisting of combined cavalry and infantry serving the Imperial Council (Ottoman Empire), Imperial Council (as in Ottoman Egypt). The leaders of the council's ''çavuş'' were titled ''çavuşbaşı'' / (or ''başçavuş'' / ). The ''çavuşbaşı'' was an assistant (or deputy) to the Grand Vizier, dealing with security matters, accompanying ambassadors visiting the Grand Vizier, and also carried out the first examinati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kapıcıbaşı
The Ottoman title of ''kapıcıbaşı'' designated the chief of the palace gatekeepers, or "chief warder". In the early phase of Ottoman statehood there was one single title-holder. It multiplied over time and there were in the 18th century some 150 simultaneous title-holders. The holder supervised the palace gatekeepers (''kapıcılar''), was in charge of guarding the gates, transmitted messages and orders, and executed Imperial Council orders. Notable people * Fatsali Ahmed Aga Canikli * Abdulfettah Capanoglu * Kara Musa Pasha * Suleyman Bey Capanoglu *Çoban Mustafa Pasha * Battal Huseyin Bey Canikli * Koca Mustafa Pasha *Kurd Mehmed Pasha * Izzet Ahmed Pasha * Mustafa Capanoglu * Topal Osman Pasha * Piali Pasha *Keki Abdi Pasha Keki Abdi Pasha (sometimes spelled 'Abidi; died April 1789, Aleppo) was an Ottoman statesman. He served as the governor of the Sanjak of İçel (1779–80, 1781–82), Adana Eyalet (1780–81), Diyarbekir Eyalet (1782–84, 1785, 1786), Aleppo E .. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleppo
Aleppo is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous Governorates of Syria, governorate of Syria. With an estimated population of 2,098,000 residents it is Syria's largest city by urban area, and was the largest by population until it was surpassed by Damascus, the capital of Syria. Aleppo is also the largest city in Syria's Governorates of Syria, northern governorates and one of the List of largest cities in the Levant region by population, largest cities in the Levant region. Aleppo is one of List of cities by time of continuous habitation#West Asia, the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world; it may have been inhabited since the sixth millennium BC. Excavations at Tell as-Sawda and Tell al-Ansari, just south of the old city of Aleppo, show that the area was occupied by Amorites by the latter part of the third millennium BC. That is also the time at which Aleppo is first mentioned in cuneiform tablets unearthed in Ebl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
