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Howard, Kansas
Howard is a city in and the county seat of Elk County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 570. History Howard was founded in 1870, and it was incorporated as a city in 1877. Howard was named after Oliver O. Howard, a Union Army general during the Civil War and founder of Howard University. The first post office in Howard was established in February, 1870. As of 1901, Howard was a sundown town where African Americans were not allowed to live. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Climate The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Howard has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. Demographics 2020 census The 2020 United States census counted 570 people, 268 households, and 148 families in Howard. The population density was 808.5 pe ...
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City
A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agreed definition of the lower boundary for their size. In a narrower sense, a city can be defined as a permanent and Urban density, densely populated place with administratively defined boundaries whose members work primarily on non-agricultural tasks. Cities generally have extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation, Public utilities, utilities, land use, Manufacturing, production of goods, and communication. Their density facilitates interaction between people, government organisations, government organizations, and businesses, sometimes benefiting different parties in the process, such as improving the efficiency of goods and service distribution. Historically, city dwellers have been a small proportion of humanity overall, bu ...
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North American Numbering Plan
The North American Numbering Plan (NANP) is an integrated telephone numbering plan for twenty-five regions in twenty countries, primarily in North America and the Caribbean. This group is historically known as World Zone 1, World Numbering Zone 1 and has the telephone country code, country code ''1''. Some North American countries, most notably Telephone numbers in Mexico, Mexico, do not participate in the NANP. The concepts of the NANP were devised originally during the 1940s by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) for the Bell System and the independent telephone companies in North America in Operator Toll Dialing. The first task was to unify the diverse local telephone numbering plans that had been established during the preceding decades, with the goal to speed call completion times and decrease the costs for long-distance calling, by reducing manual labor by switchboard operators. Eventually, it prepared the continent for direct-dialing of long-distance calls ...
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Humid Subtropical Climate
A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° and are located poleward from adjacent tropical climates, and equatorward from either humid continental (in North America and Asia) or oceanic climates (in other continents). It is also known as warm temperate climate in some climate classifications. Under the Köppen climate classification, ''Cfa'' and ''Cwa'' climates are either described as humid subtropical climates or warm temperate climates. This climate features mean temperature in the coldest month between (or ) and and mean temperature in the warmest month or higher. However, while some climatologists have opted to describe this climate type as a "humid subtropical climate", Köppen himself never used this term. The humid subtropical climate classific ...
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Köppen Climate Classification
The Köppen climate classification divides Earth climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature. The five main groups are ''A'' (tropical), ''B'' (arid), ''C'' (temperate), ''D'' (continental), and ''E'' (polar). Each group and subgroup is represented by a letter. All climates are assigned a main group (the first letter). All climates except for those in the ''E'' group are assigned a seasonal precipitation subgroup (the second letter). For example, ''Af'' indicates a tropical rainforest climate. The system assigns a temperature subgroup for all groups other than those in the ''A'' group, indicated by the third letter for climates in ''B'', ''C'', ''D'', and the second letter for climates in ''E''. Other examples include: ''Cfb'' indicating an oceanic climate with warm summers as indicated by the ending ''b.'', while ''Dwb'' indicates a semi-Monsoon continental climate, monsoonal continental climate ...
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United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau, officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the Federal statistical system, U.S. federal statistical system, responsible for producing data about the American people and American economy, economy. The U.S. Census Bureau is part of the United States Department of Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce and its Director of the United States Census Bureau, director is appointed by the president of the United States. Currently, Ron S. Jarmin is the acting director of the U.S. Census Bureau. The Census Bureau's primary mission is conducting the United States census, U.S. census every ten years, which allocates the seats of the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives to the U.S. state, states based on their population. The bureau's various censuses and surveys help allocate over $675 billion in federal funds every year and it assists states, local communities, and businesses in making informed decisions. T ...
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Nortonville, Kansas
Nortonville is a city in Jefferson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 601. History Nortonville was platted in 1873. It was named for L. Norton, Jr., a railroad employee. The first post office in Nortonville was established in May 1873. In the 1900s, Nortonville was reported to be one of three sundown towns in the state, where African Americans were not allowed to reside. Geography Nortonville is located at (39.417496, -95.331626). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Demographics Nortonville is part of the Topeka, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area. 2020 census The 2020 United States census counted 601 people, 219 households, and 146 families in Nortonville. The population density was 1,394.4 per square mile (538.4/km). There were 255 housing units at an average density of 591.6 per square mile (228.4/km). The racial makeup was 92.68% (557) white ...
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Fairview Enterprise
The ''Fairview Enterprise'' is a newspaper based in Fairview, Kansas. It was established in 1888. History The ''Fairview Enterprise'' of Fairview, Kansas, was first printed on March 24, 1888. Col S. O. Grosbeck, formerly of Valley Falls, Kansas, was the owner and editor. The first edition was a six column, eight page paper and four pages of ready print. When he started the ''Enterprise'', he was not certain it would succeed so he did not invest his money in printing equipment. Instead the paper was printed for several years in Horton, Kansas. The first Enterprise office was just an editorial office and was part of Dr. Young’s office on Main Street. In August 1889 the office moved into another building on Main Street, opposite the Fairview Hotel, which allowed enough room for the growth of the paper. This office was large enough that there was space for the City Council and the Police headquarters to locate in the same office in 1890. It was with the March 14, 1891, ...
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Sundown Town
Sundown towns, also known as sunset towns, gray towns, or sundowner towns, were all-white municipalities or neighborhoods in the United States. They were towns that practiced a form of racial segregation by excluding non-whites via some combination of discriminatory local laws, intimidation or violence. They were most prevalent before the 1950s. The term came into use because of signs that directed " colored people" to leave town by sundown. Sundown counties and sundown suburbs were created as well. While sundown laws became illegal following the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1968, some commentators hold that certain 21st-century practices perpetuate a modified version of the sundown town. Some of these modern practices include racial profiling by local police and sheriff's departments, vandalism of public art, harassment by private citizens, and gentrification. Discriminatory policies and actions distinguish sundown towns from towns that have no Black residents for demo ...
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EPodunk
ePodunk was a website that profiled communities in the United States, Canada, Ireland, and the UK. It provided geocoded information that includes local museums, attractions, parks, colleges, libraries, cemeteries and other features, as well as local history and trivia. The site contained vintage postcards that its users could send online. The site became defunct as of December 2019 and its URL address re-directs to Real Estate ABC'S websites. History The site was founded in 2001 by a team of former journalists who had worked for publications including ''The New York Times'', '' Detroit Free Press'', '' Ithaca Times'', and ''American Demographics'' magazine. Initial target audiences for the site were travelers and people in the process of relocating. Upon inception, the site listed profiles for 28,000 residential communities and focused mostly on small communities. The site has grown to cover communities of all sizes and currently lists profiles for more than 46,000 communities ...
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Howard University
Howard University is a private, historically black, federally chartered research university in Washington, D.C., United States. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" and accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. Established in 1867, Howard is a nonsectarian institution located in the Shaw neighborhood. It offers undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees in more than 120 programs. History 19th century Shortly after the end of the American Civil War, members of the First Congregational Society of Washington considered establishing a theological seminary for the education of black clergymen. Within a few weeks, the project expanded to include a provision for establishing a university. Within two years, the university consisted of the colleges of liberal arts and medicine. The new institution was named for General Oliver Otis Howard, a Civil War hero who was both the founder of the university an ...
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American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of America, Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by U.S. state, states that had Secession in the United States, seceded from the Union. The Origins of the American Civil War, central conflict leading to war was a dispute over whether Slavery in the United States, slavery should be permitted to expand into the western territories, leading to more slave states, or be prohibited from doing so, which many believed would place slavery on a course of ultimate extinction. Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War, Decades of controversy over slavery came to a head when Abraham Lincoln, who opposed slavery's expansion, won the 1860 presidential election. Seven Southern slave states responded to Lincoln's victory by seceding f ...
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County Seat
A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or parish (administrative division), civil parish. The term is in use in five countries: Canada, China, Hungary, Romania, and the United States. An equivalent term, shire town, is used in the U.S. state of Vermont and in several other English-speaking jurisdictions. Canada In Canada, the Provinces and territories of Canada, provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below the provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. China County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in the China, People's Republic of China. They have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty. The number of counties in China proper g ...
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