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Horní Jelení
Horní Jelení is a town in Pardubice District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,100 inhabitants. Administrative division Horní Jelení consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Horní Jelení (1,898) *Dolní Jelení (124) *Rousínov (15) Geography Horní Jelení is located about east of Pardubice. It lies in a flat landscape of the Orlice Table. The stream of Ředický potok flows through the town. The area is rich in brooks and small fishponds. History The first written mention of Horní Jelení is from 1472. It is a document that describes the division of property after the death of George of Poděbrady between his sons, and according to which Horní Jelení was part of the Litice estate, which fell to Boček IV of Poděbrady. In 1483, he gave the Litice estate to his brother Henry the Younger of Poděbrady. He fell into debt and sold the estate to the Pernštejn family in 1495. Vilém II of Per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obec
(, ; plural ) is the Czech and Slovak word for a municipality (in the Czech Republic, in Slovakia and abroad). The literal meaning of the word is " commune" or " community". It is the smallest administrative unit that is governed by elected representatives. Cities and towns are also municipalities. Definition The legal definition (according to the Czech code of law with similar definition in the Slovak code of law) is: ''"The municipality is a basic territorial self-governing community of citizens; it forms a territorial unit, which is defined by the boundary of the municipality."'' Every municipality is composed of one or more cadastral areas. Every municipality is also composed of one or more municipal parts (), which are usually town quarters or villages. A municipality can have its own flag and coat of arms. Czech Republic Almost the entire area of the Czech Republic is divided into municipalities, with the only exception being military training areas. The smaller mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Litice Castle
Litice Castle () is a castle in Záchlumí (Ústí nad Orlicí District), Záchlumí municipality in the Ústí nad Orlicí District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. The town Lititz, Pennsylvania, Lititz in Pennsylvania was named after the castle by members of the Moravian Church. History The steep slopes of the foothills of the Orlické hory, Orlické Mountains gave the advantage of a strategic position to the gothic castles being founded there at the close of the 13th century. The high headland around which flowed the Divoká Orlice River was the site chosen just before the year 1300 by the Drslavic family to build up a castle which they named after their original family settlement in the Plzeň area. For a short span of time in the 14th century the Litice castle was owned by two Luxembourg rulers successively, John of Bohemia and Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV. In 1371 Boček of Kunštát, a Moravian noble, came with his family to settle at the castle. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karel Kaplan
Karel Kaplan (28 August 1928 – 12 March 2023) was a Czech historian. He specialized in the World War II and post-World War II periods in Czechoslovakia. He wrote books about Czech political trials during the 1950s, the situation of Jews in Central Europe during World War II, and the Communist takeover in Czechoslovakia. Biography Kaplan was born in Horní Jelení in 1928. During the Prague Spring in 1968, he worked for the Committee of Rehabilitation where he was able to access classified documents of the Czechoslovak Communist Party. After the end of Prague Spring, Kaplan fell into disfavor. He worked in a factory from 1972 to 1976, and in 1976 asked for political asylum in Munich. After his exile he published documents on secret Soviet activities, which were serialised in the Italian magazine ''Panorama''.'Stalin ‘decided on third world war’', ''The Times'' (6 May 1977), p. 1. Kaplan claimed he had discovered files that described a secret meeting in the Kremlin in January ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franz Joseph I Of Austria
Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I ( ; ; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the ruler of the Grand title of the emperor of Austria, other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 1848 until his death in 1916. In the early part of his reign, his realms and territories were referred to as the Austrian Empire, but were reconstituted as the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary in 1867. From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866, he was also president of the German Confederation. In December 1848, Franz Joseph's uncle Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, Ferdinand I abdicated the throne at Olomouc, as part of Minister President Felix zu Schwarzenberg's plan to end the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. Franz Joseph then acceded to the throne. In 1854, he married his first cousin Empress Elisabeth of Austria, Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria, with whom he had four children: Archduchess Sophie of Austria, Sophie, Archduchess Gisela of Austria, Gisela, Rudolf, Crown Pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bubna Of Litice
The House of Bubna-Litic () or Bubna of Litice, () is a Czechs, Czech noble family dating back to the 14th century. History Originally members of lower nobility (vladyka) from the castle of Buben in western Bohemia. The house rose to prominence following the acquisition of the Litice Castle in 1562. The castles of Doudleby nad Orlicí, Doudleby and Žamberk were built by Mikuláš the elder of Bubna at the end of the 16th century and became the family seat. However, the house is mentioned in historical records dating back to the late 14th century. Allegedly, there are mentions of the name in the 12th century. In 1415 two family lines emerged, the Warlich of Bubna and the Bubna of Litice. The Bohemian Revolt (1618–1620) had a mixed influence on the house and resulted in loss of property. Jan Varlich of Bubna was forced to flee the country with the Winter King Frederick V, Elector Palatine, Frederick V. However, a different part of the house was later granted the title of count. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernest Of Bavaria (1500–1560)
Duke Ernest of Bavaria (13 June 1500 – 7 December 1560) was the Administrator of the dioceses of Passau and Salzburg and pledge lord of Glatz. Background and education Ernest was a member of the Bavarian noble Wittelsbach family. He was the third son of Duke Albert IV of Bavaria-Munich and his wife Kunigunde, daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III. In 1506 Albert issued a Primogeniture Act, stipulating that Bavaria should remain undivided. The result was that his two younger sons Louis and Ernest were excluded from the government. Louis's parents decided that he should follow an ecclesiastical career instead. After Albert died in 1508, the Bavarian court historian Johannes Aventinus was entrusted with providing Ernest with a suitable education. Ernest and Louis travelled to Italy, here he worked in Pavia and attended lectures from the famous legal scholar Jason Magnus. Ernest also travelled to Paris and to Saxony with John of Malentein, who later became Bish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Městys
Městys (or, unofficially or obsolete, městečko iterally "small town", translated as " market town", is a status conferred on certain municipalities in the Czech Republic, lying in terms of size and importance higher than that of simple ''obec'' (municipality) but lower than that of ''město'' (city, town). Historically, a ''městys'' was a locality that had the right to stage livestock markets (and some other "extraordinary" and annual markets), and it is therefore translated as "market town". The term went out of official use in Czechoslovakia in 1954 but was reintroduced in the Czech Republic in 2006. As of September 2020, there are 228 municipalities on which the status of ''městys'' has been re-admitted. In all cases, these are municipalities that have requested the return of their former title. This title has not been newly awarded to any municipality that would not have it in the past—the law does not even set any specific criteria for it, only procedural competenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilém II Of Pernštejn
Vilém II of Pernštejn ( or ''Wilhelm II. von Bernstein'', or ''Vilém z Pernštejna a na Helfštejně''; 1438 – 8 April 1521) was a Czech nobleman. He held the office of High Treasurer of Moravia from 1474 to 1487. He was High Marshall of Bohemia from 1483 to 1490 and Lord Chamberlain of Bohemia from 1490 to 1514. Youth Vilém was one of the most important members of the Moravian and Bohemian noble family of Pernštejn. His parents were Jan II of Pernštejn and his second wife Bohunka of Lomnice. Vilém spent his early years at the Viennese court of the two years younger Ladislaus Posthumus, a member of the Habsburg family, to whose entourage he belonged. Together with Ladislaus and his guardian Frederick III and other Bohemian and Moravian nobles, he traveled to Italy in 1451. In 1452 he was in Rome at the wedding of Frederick III with Eleanor of Portugal. Rise under the kings George of Poděbrady and Matthias Corvinus Like his father and his older brother Zikmund, V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pernštejn Family
The House of Pernštejn () was one of the oldest and most important (uradel) families originating from Moravian nobility, along with the House of Rosenberg, that played an important role in the medieval history of Bohemian nobility from the 13th century until its extinction in the first half of the 17th century. History The first mentioned member of House of Pernštejn was Medlov (Brno-Country District)#History, Stephen I, Lord of Medlov, who lived in the 13th century and was first doucumented in a deed from 1203. His descendants took their name after their first main seat – the Pernštejn Castle. Throughout history, Pernštejns held some of the most prestigious offices in both Kingdom of Bohemia and Margraviate of Moravia. Four members of the House of Pernštejn were appointed to the position of Hetman#Hetmans of Bohemia, Romania, and Moldavia, Land Hejtman of Moravia at various times. Their power peaked in the 16th century during the life of Vilém II of Pernštejn and his s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry The Younger Of Poděbrady
Henry the Younger of Poděbrady (also: ''Henry the Younger of Münsterberg''; or ; or ; 18 May 1452 – 1 July 1492) was an Imperial Count and Count of Glatz. From 1462 to 1471, he served as Duke of Münsterberg jointly with his older brothers Victor and Henry the Elder. He also ruled Duchy of Opava jointly with his brothers from 1465 to 1472. Henry the Younger, held at times the office of regent of Bohemia and is also known as an author. Life Heinrich the Younger of Poděbrady was a son of King George of Podebrady of Bohemia from his second marriage with Johana of Rožmitál. He received a humanist training and participated in knightly tournaments. His father, George, was King of Bohemia, but this crown was not heritable. George persuaded Emperor Frederick III in 1459 to appoint his eldest son Victor to Imperial Count. In 1462, Frederick also appointed Henry the Younger and his elder brother Henry the Elder to Imperial Count. Earlier, George had appointed his three sons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boček IV Of Poděbrady
Boček IV of Poděbrady (also known as: ''Boczek IV of Kunstadt and Podebrady''; Czech: ''Boček IV z Poděbrad''; 15 July 15, 1442 – 28 September 1496, in Kladsko), was, by title, the last member of the Bohemian noble family of Poděbrady, who were descended from the Lords of Kunštát. Life Boček's parents were the later King of Bohemia George of Poděbrady and his wife Kunigunde of Sternberg. His exact birth date is not known. Following the family tradition, Boček received, as his baptismal name, the name of many of his ancestors from the house of the Lords of Kunstadt. Although he was the firstborn, his father did not expect Boček to succeed him as Count, because of a mental disability. Unlike his three younger brothers, Victor, Henry the Elder and Henry the Younger, Boček was not created an Imperial Prince and he was not made Count of Kladsko. Since he also was not a Duke of Münsterberg, he could claim that, by title, he was the last member of the noble fami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Of Poděbrady
George of Kunštát and Poděbrady (23 April 1420 – 22 March 1471), also known as Poděbrad or Podiebrad (; ), was the sixteenth King of Bohemia, who ruled in 1458–1471. He was a leader of the Hussites, but moderate and tolerant toward the Catholic faith. His rule was marked by great efforts to preserve peace and tolerance between the Hussites and Catholics in the religiously divided Crown of Bohemia – hence his contemporary nicknames: "King of two peoples" () and "Friend of peace" (''přítel míru''). During the 19th century, in period of the so-called Czech National Revival, he began to be praised (even somewhat idealized) as the last Czech national monarch (in terms of ethnic awareness), a great diplomat and a courageous fighter against the domination of the Catholic Church. In modern times he is remembered mainly for his idea and attempt to establish common European Christian institutions, which is now seen as an early historical vision of European unity. Early li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
