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Holy See–Iran Relations
Holy See–Iran relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Holy See, which is sovereign over the Vatican City, and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Relations, or similarities, have also been noted between Roman Catholicism and Shia Islam, which are the official religions of the Holy See and Iran, respectively. A few Iranian presidents and diplomats have visited Vatican City, including Mohammad Khatami in 1999 and Hassan Rouhani in 2016. History Early relations began during the reign of Shah Abbas the Great, when the Persian embassies visited the pope. The two countries have had formal diplomatic relations since 1954, since the pontificate of Pope Pius XII. Relations have been maintained during the Iranian Revolution. Iran has a large diplomatic corps at the Vatican, with only the Dominican Republic having more diplomats accredited to the Holy See. In 1979 Pope John Paul II sent envoy to Iran to help to solve the Hostage Crisis. In 2008 relations between Iran and the Holy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy See
The Holy See (, ; ), also called the See of Rome, the Petrine See or the Apostolic See, is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican City. It encompasses the office of the pope as the Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishop of the apostolic see, apostolic episcopal see of Diocese of Rome, Rome, and serves as the spiritual and administrative authority of the worldwide Catholic Church and Vatican City. Under international law, the Legal status of the Holy See, Holy See holds the status of a sovereign juridical entity. According to Sacred tradition, Catholic tradition and historical records, the Holy See was founded in the first century by Saint Peter and Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul. By virtue of the doctrines of Primacy of Peter, Petrine and papal primacy, papal primacy, it is the focal point of full communion for Catholics around the world. The Holy See is headquartered in, operates from, and exercises "exclusive dominion" over Vatican City, an independent c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Paul Gobel
Jean-Paul Aimé Gobel (born 14 May 1943) is a French prelate of the Catholic Church who has worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See. Biography Gobel was born on 14 May 1943 and ordained a priest for the Diocese of Annecy on 29 June 1969. Diplomatic career He completed the program of study at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy in 1970 and then entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See. His early assignments were in Australia, Papua New Guinea, Mozambique, Nicaragua, and Burundi. Beginning in May 1989, Gobel was the first of several Holy See diplomats assigned to Hong Kong in order to study at close hand the Church in China and the longterm prospects for relations between China and the Holy See. While based in Hong Kong, he visited Mongolia at the invitation of the government to study how to establish a Catholic missionary presence there, which resulted in the assignment of that work to the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary. Pope John Paul II named h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy See–Iran Relations
Holy See–Iran relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Holy See, which is sovereign over the Vatican City, and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Relations, or similarities, have also been noted between Roman Catholicism and Shia Islam, which are the official religions of the Holy See and Iran, respectively. A few Iranian presidents and diplomats have visited Vatican City, including Mohammad Khatami in 1999 and Hassan Rouhani in 2016. History Early relations began during the reign of Shah Abbas the Great, when the Persian embassies visited the pope. The two countries have had formal diplomatic relations since 1954, since the pontificate of Pope Pius XII. Relations have been maintained during the Iranian Revolution. Iran has a large diplomatic corps at the Vatican, with only the Dominican Republic having more diplomats accredited to the Holy See. In 1979 Pope John Paul II sent envoy to Iran to help to solve the Hostage Crisis. In 2008 relations between Iran and the Holy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Relations Of Iran
Geography is an important factor in informing Iran's foreign policy. Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the newly formed Islamic Republic, under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini, dramatically reversed the pro-American foreign policy of the last Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Since the country's policies then oscillated between the two opposing tendencies of revolutionary ardour to eliminate non-Muslim Western influences while promoting the Islamic revolution abroad, and pragmatism, which would advance economic development and normalization of relations, bilateral dealings can be confused and contradictory. According to data published by RepTrak, Iran is the world's second least internationally reputable country, just ahead of Iraq, and has held that position for the three consecutive years of 2016, 2017, and 2018. Islamism and nuclear proliferation are recurring issues with Iran's foreign relations. In a series of international polls by Pew Research in 2012, only o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Relations Of The Holy See
The Holy See has long been recognised as a subject of international law and as an active participant in international relations. It is distinct from the city-state of the Vatican City, over which the Holy See has "full ownership, exclusive dominion, and sovereign authority and jurisdiction". The diplomatic activities of the Holy See are directed by the Secretariat of State (headed by the Cardinal Secretary of State), through the Section for Relations with States. While not being a member of the United Nations in its own right, the Holy See recognizes all UN member states (Except Afghanistan, Brunei, Laos, North Korea, The People's Republic of China, Saudi Arabia, Somalia and Vietnam). In addition, the Holy See recognizes The State of Palestine and The Republic of China (Taiwan). The term "Vatican Diplomatic Corps", by contrast with the diplomatic service of the Holy See, properly refers to all those diplomats ''accredited to the Holy See'', not those who represent its inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholicism In Iran
The Catholic Church in Iran is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. In 2022, there were about 21,380 Catholics in Iran out of a total population of about 86.8 million. They are part of the Armenian Catholic Church, Chaldean Catholic Church and Latin Church. Aside from some Iranian citizens, Catholics include foreigners in Iran like Spanish-speaking people (Latin Americans and Spanish people, Spanish), and other Europeans. In 2020, there were 5 priests and 12 nuns serving across 17 parishes. History The Catholic Church has a long history with the Persians. In 1318, the Catholic Church established the Soltaniyeh#Ecclesiastical_history, diocese of Soltaniyeh, which lasted until 1355. After that, it took to the sixteenth century until Catholicism returned to the country when a group of Augustinians, Augustinian hermits established themselves on Hormuz Island which had been captured by the Portuguese in 1507. In 1582, the le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qur'an
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God ('' Allāh''). It is organized in 114 chapters (, ) which consist of individual verses ('). Besides its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature, and has significantly influenced the Arabic language. It is the object of a modern field of academic research known as Quranic studies. Muslims believe the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final Islamic prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning on the Laylat al-Qadr, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as Muhammad's most important miracle, a proof of his prophethood, and the culmination of a series of divine messages starting with those revealed to the first Islamic prophet Adam, including the holy books of the Torah, Psalms, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federico Lombardi
Federico Lombardi (born 29 August 1942) is an Italian Catholic priest and the former director of the Holy See Press Office. He succeeded Joaquín Navarro-Valls and was succeeded by Greg Burke. Lombardi also serves as the postulator for the sainthood cause of Fr. Bernardo Mattio. Early life and ordination Lombardi was born on 29 August 1942 in Saluzzo, Piedmont, Italy, and was trained in mathematics and studied theology in Germany. He became a Jesuit priest in 1972, and then worked for the influential Jesuit-run magazine, ''La Civiltà Cattolica'', and served as superior of the Jesuits' Italian province. Vatican Radio Lombardi was named program director (1991) and later director general (2005) of Vatican Radio. He was also made general director of the Vatican Television Centre in 2001; a position he held until 2013 and in which Dario Edoardo Viganò succeeded him. Press Office of the Holy See On 11 July 2006 Pope Benedict XVI appointed him director of the Vatican Press ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sayyed Mohammad-Reza Mir-Tajeddini
''Sayyid'' is an honorific title of Hasanid and Husaynid lineage, recognized as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and Ali's sons Hasan and Husayn. The title may also refer to the descendants of the family of the Bani Hashim through the Prophet’s great-grandfather Hashim, and others including Hamza, Abbas, Abu Talib, and Asad ibn Hashim. Etymology A few Arabic language experts state that it has its roots in the word ''al-asad'' , meaning "lion", probably because of the qualities of valor and leadership. The word is derived from the verb sāda, meaning to rule. The title seyyid/sayyid existed before Islam, however not in light of a specific descent, but as a meritocratic sign of respect. Hans Wehr's ''Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'' defines seyyid as a translation for master, chief, sovereign, or lord. It also denotes someone respected and of high status. In the Arab world, ''sayyid'' is the equivalent of the English word "lieg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religious Intolerance
Religious intolerance or religious bigotry is intolerance of another's religious beliefs, practices, faith or lack thereof. Statements which are contrary to one's religious beliefs do not constitute intolerance. Religious intolerance, rather, occurs when a person or group (e.g., a society, a religious group, a non-religious group) specifically refuses to tolerate the religious convictions and practices of a religious group or individual. Historical perspectives The intolerance, and even the active persecution of religious minorities (sometimes religious majorities as in modern Bahrain or the Pre-Dutch Indonesian kingdoms), has a long history. Almost all religions have historically faced and perpetrated persecution of other viewpoints. The modern concept of religious tolerance developed out of the European wars of religion, more specifically out of the Peace of Westphalia which ended the 30 Years' War (1618–1648), during the Protestant Reformation and the ensuing conflicts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Benedict XVI
Pope BenedictXVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger; 16 April 1927 – 31 December 2022) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 19 April 2005 until his resignation on 28 February 2013. Benedict's election as pope occurred in the 2005 papal conclave that followed the death of Pope John Paul II. Upon his resignation, Benedict chose to be known as " pope emeritus", a title he held until his death on 31 December 2022. Ordained as a priest in 1951 in his native Bavaria, Ratzinger embarked on an academic career and established himself as a highly regarded theologian by the late 1950s. He was appointed a full professor in 1958 when aged 31. After a long career as a professor of theology at several German universities, he was appointed Archbishop of Munich and Freising and created a cardinal by Pope Paul VI in 1977, an unusual promotion for someone with little pastoral experience. In 1981, he was appointed Prefect of the Congregation for t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic News Service
Catholic News Service (CNS) is an American news agency owned by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) that reports on the Catholic Church. The agency's domestic (United States) service shut down on 30 December 2022, but CNS continues to function and provide reports concerning world events and Catholic news. The news agency's domestic distribution platform and archives were acquired by '' Our Sunday Visitor'' and used to launch OSV News. History CNS was established in 1920 as the National Catholic Welfare Council (NCWC) Press Department. In the 1960s it became the National Catholic News Service; it later dropped "National" from its name in 1986 to indicate its intention to provide worldwide coverage. It is now owned by the USCCB, the NCWC's successor. From 2004 to 2016, Tony Spence led CNS as its director and editor-in-chief. He was removed in April 2016 after a number of Catholics criticized his posts on Twitter that favored LGBT rights. In February 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
